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Fig. 1 in First description of the breeding biology and behaviour of the near threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris (Valenciennes 1826) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Luzon Island, Philippines
Fig. 1 - Cavity nest excavated by the northern sooty woodpecker: a) nest entrance; b) nest contents. / Nido scavato dal picchio fuligginoso: a) ingresso del nido; b) contenuto del nido. (Photo: / Foto: Erwin S. Quijano, 29 May 2022).
Fig. 2 in First description of the breeding biology and behaviour of the near threatened northern sooty woodpecker Mulleripicus funebris (Valenciennes 1826) (Piciformes: Picidae) in Luzon Island, Philippines
Fig. 2 - Contribution of male and female northern sooty woodpecker to different breeding activities in one full daylight observation period (06:00-18:00). Nest building and brooding efforts were expressed as proportions of time spent (%) from total observation hours whereas feeding and faecal sac removal as proportions of counts (%) from total number of incidences. / Contributo del maschio e della femmina di picchio fuligginoso alle diverse attività riproduttive durante un intero periodo di osservazione diurna (06:00-18:00). Lo sforzo per la costruzione del nido e la cova è stato espresso come proporzione del tempo trascorso (%) rispetto al totale delle ore di osservazione, mentre l'alimentazione e la rimozione delle sacche fecali come proporzione dei conteggi (%) rispetto al numero totale di incidenze.
Fig. 1 in New data on the biology and chorology of the tribe Gonocerini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae) in the Canary Islands.
Fig. 1.-. Plinachtus imitator (Reuter, 1891). a.-Adult on leaves of Schinus molle. b.- Late instar nymph on leaves of Maytenus canariensis. c.- Early instar nymph on fruits of Maytenus canariensis.
Figure 1 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 1. Schematic design of cubic clod sampling. (a) Protocol for sampling in June 2002; (b) protocol for sampling in January 2002. At each sampling event we randomly chose a ground surface area for sampling clods, from which individuals of Acropyga sauteri and its symbiont Eumyrmococcus smithii were collected. The dates of sampling events and the numbers and sizes of areas and cubic clods are listed in Table I.
Figure 10 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 10. Seasonal changes in the average numbers (with SE) of individuals of Eumyrmococcus smithii per colony and the age structure (percentage of components). Numerals above the bars indicate the sample size (presumed number of ant colonies). ''Pupa'' here includes pupae of both sexes and male prepupa, which were difficult to discriminate when not on slides.
Figure 13 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 13. First-instar nymph, right side shows venter of the nymph; left side shows dorsum of the nymph. Anal lobe setae are long, but here only a part of the setae are drawn. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 4 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 4. Schematic illustration of the presumed life cycle of Eumyrmococcus smithii. The first-instar nymph is followed by the pupa and adult in the female and by the prepupa, pupa, and adult in the male.
Figure 12 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 12. (a) Female pupa; (b) male prepupa; (c) male pupa. Right sides show venter of the prepupal or pupal stages; left sides show dorsum of the prepupal or pupal stages. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 6 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 6. Average numbers (with SD) of workers of Acropyga sauteri in clods with Eumyrmococcus smithii (open area) or without E. smithii (shaded area) in August and June. Numerals above the bars indicate the sample size (number of cubic clods).
Figure 9 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 9. Seasonal changes in the average numbers (with SE) of individuals of Acropyga sauteri per colony and the age structure (percentage of components). Numerals above the bars indicate the sample size (presumed number of ant colonies).
Figure 8 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 8. Distribution of the numbers of alate female ants (a) and alate male ants (b) per colony of Acropyga sauteri. A plot represents the variable for a colony or the average for multiple colonies in the vicinity. When multiple queens were sampled from certain clods in the vicinity, we estimated the average numbers of the reproductives by dividing the total number of queens into the total numbers of the reproductives. Numerals above the solid circles indicate the number of colonies used for the average estimation.
Figure 5 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 5. Percentage of clods containing more than five workers of Acropyga sauteri across depths. Numerals above the bars indicate the sample size (number of cubic clods).
Figure 11 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 11. Adult male, right side shows venter of the adult male; left side shows dorsum of the adult male. (a) Lateral view of genitalia of the adult male; (b) ventral view of genitalia of the adult male. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 in Biological characterization of the obligate symbiosis between Acropyga sauteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and Eumyrmococcus smithii Silvestri (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae: Rhizoecinae) on Okinawa Island, southern Japan
Figure 2. Schematic illustration of the method used to determine colony identity. (a) Distance (D) between two particular ant aggregations was defined as the distance between the centre of the two clods containing the two aggregations; (b) five workers were placed in a plastic cup covered with black paper; (c) an ant worker was introduced into another cup (of recipient workers); (d) the contact behaviour of recipient and introduced workers was observed; (e) the trial ended after contact had occurred two or three times, after which the introduced worker was returned to the original cup. In a match between two aggregations, the method described from (c) to (e) was repeated five times.
Figure 4 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus
Figure 4. Six dissected larvae and praepupae of Pomatophylax cingulatus (Trichoptera), parasitized by Gordius albopunctatus (note that worms are white in colour except for the one to the right which is light brown).
Figure 1 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus
Figure 1. Gordius albopunctatus. (A) Details of three males with different coloration, white spots are not visible on the lightest specimen (top); (B) ventral view of male posterior end showing tail lobes, cloacal opening, and postcloacal crescent; (C, D) cuticle with regular polygonal areoles. (B–D) SEM. Scale bars: 100 mm (B); 20 mm (C, D).
Figure 2 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus
Figure 2. Gordionus violaceus. (A, B) Ventral view of male posterior end showing tail lobes, cloacal opening surrounded by spines, and anterolateral rows of bristles (arrows in A); (C) cuticle with rounded areoles which are surrounded by short bristles; (D) magnification of one areole. All SEM. Scale bars: 50 mm (A, B); 10 mm (C); 5 mm (D).
Figure 3 in Horsehair worms (Nematomorpha) from the Baltic island Bornholm (Denmark), with notes on the biology of Gordius albopunctatus
Figure 3. Outline of the Baltic island Bornholm with location of investigated streams and relation of species found in those streams. White, Gordius albopunctatus; black, Gordionus violaceus.
Data from: Does biological intimacy shape ecological network structure? A test using a brood pollination mutualism on continental and oceanic islands
Biological intimacy—the degree of physical proximity or integration of partner taxa during their life cycles—is thought to promote the evolution of reciprocal specialization and modularity in the networks formed by co‐occurring mutualistic species, but this hypothesis has rarely been tested. Here, we test this "biological intimacy hypothesis" by comparing the network architecture of brood pollination mutualisms, in which specialized insects are simultaneously parasites (as larvae) and pollinators (as adults) of their host plants to that of other mutualisms which vary in their biological intimacy (including ant‐myrmecophyte, ant‐extrafloral nectary, plant‐pollinator and plant‐seed disperser assemblages). We use a novel dataset sampled from leafflower trees (Phyllanthaceae: Phyllanthus s. l. [Glochidion]) and their pollinating leafflower moths (Lepidoptera: Epicephala) on three oceanic islands (French Polynesia) and compare it to equivalent published data from congeners on continental islands (Japan). We infer taxonomic diversity of leafflower moths using multilocus molecular phylogenetic analysis and examine several network structural properties: modularity (compartmentalization), reciprocality (symmetry) of specialization and algebraic connectivity. We find that most leafflower‐moth networks are reciprocally specialized and modular, as hypothesized. However, we also find that two oceanic island networks differ in their modularity and reciprocal specialization from the others, as a result of a supergeneralist moth taxon which interacts with nine of 10 available hosts. Our results generally support the biological intimacy hypothesis, finding that leafflower‐moth networks (usually) share a reciprocally specialized and modular structure with other intimate mutualisms such as ant‐myrmecophyte symbioses, but unlike nonintimate mutualisms such as seed dispersal and nonintimate pollination. Additionally, we show that generalists—common in nonintimate mutualisms—can also evolve in intimate mutualisms, and that their effect is similar in both types of assemblages: once generalists emerge they reshape the network organization by connecting otherwise isolated modules.
Appendix 7 to "The Status of Biological Invasions and their Management in South Africa in 2022"—The Species List for the Prince Edward Islands
<p>SANBI and CIB 2023. Appendix 7 to "The Status of Biological Invasions and their Management in South Africa in 2022"—The Species List for the Prince Edward Islands. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch and DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, Stellenbosch. http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8217229</p> <p> </p> <p>For more details see: http://iasreport.sanbi.org.za<br> For the report itself see: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8217182</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.