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9 results for “joint foraging”
Figure 7 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 7. Second principal component (PC2) of extinct giant mustelids and recent carnivorans plotted against body mass (kg). Hand-fitted arrows marking the two trajectories for recent carnivorans (filled circles) are shown. The postulated threshold at 21.5–25 kg, where carnivorans shift from small to large prey (Carbone et al., 1999), is shaded grey.
Figure 6 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 6. Second principal component (PC2) of recent carnivorans plotted against calculated body mass (kg). The postulated threshold at 21.5–25 kg, where carnivorans shift diet from small to large prey (Carbone et al., 1999), is shaded grey. Above this threshold, grapplers are clearly separated from nongrapplers on PC2. Hand-fitted arrows marking the two morphological trajectories, the top one for nongrapplers and the lower one for grapplers, are shown. For body mass see Appendix 1.
Figure 3. Second principal component mapped onto a in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 3. Second principal component mapped onto a composite phylogeny for the order Carnivora. Carnivorans traditionally regarded as primarily using their forelimbs for locomotion (nongrapplers) are written in bold typeface. PC2 largely follows the phylogeny. Transitions are rare, but have occurred, e.g. in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). Ancestral stages are reconstructed by minimizing the sum of squared changes. The value for the root is not reconstructed. The phylogeny is a composite from the following sources: Decker & Wozencroft (1991); Bryant, Russell & Fitch (1993); Tedford, Taylor & Wang (1995); Veron (1995); Masuda et al. (1996); Talbot & Shields (1996); Dragoo & Honeycutt (1997); Wayne et al. (1997); Flynn & Nedbal (1998); Seymour (1999); Flynn et al. (2000); Veron & Heard (2000); Gaubert, Veron & Tranier (2002); X. Wang (pers. comm.).
Figure 5 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 5. Moving average of PC2 variance body mass. Variation is low and uniform at small sizes. At around 10 kg variation starts to increase with size. There is a marked decrease in variation around 30–40 kg. The species are ranked according to body size and the average over a moving succession of ten increments calculated.
Figure 2 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 2. Thin-plate spline comparison of wolverine (Gulo gulo) against grey wolf (Canis lupus) graphically illustrating the difference in shape of the distal humerus articulation between carnivorans scoring high (C. lupus) on the second principal component (PC2) and low (G. gulo). The broken line shows the outline of the articulation of G. gulo. The thin-plate spline is calculated from the consensus configurations of the two species (G. gulo, reference species, N = 6; C. lupus, N = 5; Bookstein, 1991) generated through generalized least squares (GLS) orthogonal Procrustes analysis (Rohlf & Slice, 1990).
Figure 1 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 1. Results of the principal component analysis of recent carnivorans. PC1 plotted against PC2 (A), PC2 against PC3 (B). For species scores see Appendix 1.
Social partners and temperature jointly affect morning foraging activity of small birds in winter
Daily foraging activity of small wintering birds is classically thought to be driven by the need to gather enough energy reserves to survive each night. A separate line of research has shown that sociality is a major driver in winter foraging activities in many species. Here, we use wintering birds as a study system to move towards an integrative understanding of the influence of energy requirements and sociality on foraging ecology. We used RFID-enabled feeders in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA in January-March 2019 to measure foraging activity in two species (downy woodpecker, <i>Picoides pubescens</i>, and white-breasted nuthatches, <i>Sitta carolinensis</i>). We analyzed the relationship between overnight temperature and morning foraging activity and found that lowest overnight temperature was negatively correlated with morning visitation at feeders. We then used a network approach to ask if flock associations explain similarity in birds' foraging activity. In both species, individuals with stronger associations in a social network were more likely to share similar feeder activity, and an index of social partners' activity explained foraging activity better than overnight temperature. This brings forth new questions about the interplay between individual response to temperature and social factors in shaping how small animals cope with harsh winter conditions.
Social partners and temperature jointly affect morning foraging activity of small birds in winter
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Figure 4 in Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores
Figure 4. Box-plots of PC2 for recent carnivorans. The largest dispersion is found among the canids, followed by felids and viverrids. The former two are right skewed and the latter left skewed. The cheetah (Felidae) forms an extreme outlier. 'Musteloids' comprise a monophyletic clade including mustelids (weasels, badgers and otters), skunks, the lesser panda (Ailurus fulgens) and procyonids. Box-plots include information on location, dispersion, skewness and tail-shape (McGill, Turkey & Larsen, 1978; Benjamini, 1988). Box heights represent the interquartile range, which comprises 50% of the observations. Boxes are divided by medians (thin lines) and means (thick lines). Whiskers connect boxes to the extremal points within 1.5 interquartile ranges. Points outside these ranges are plotted individually. Dispersion of observation is indicated by box height and skewness, by box and whisker asymmetry.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.