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64 results for “juvenile ontogeny”
Fig. 2 3D in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 2 3D model of UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. The model is courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History.
Fig. 1 UCM 55499 in Probable Juvenile Frontal Of Daspletosaurus Horneri (Dinosauria: Theropoda) From The Two Medicine Formation Of Montana, With Implications For Tyrannosaurid Ontogeny
Fig. 1 UCM 55499, left frontal of a juvenile cf. Daspletosaurus horneri, in A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, rostral view; D, lateral view; E, medial view; F, caudal view. Abbreviations: cbf, cerebral fossa; ccr, crista cranii; cpos, caudal part of postorbital suture; cr, cylinder-like ridge; cs, caudal shelf; dtf, dorsotemporal fossa; dtr, dorsotemporal ridge; es, ethmoid scar; fh, forehead region; ifs, interfrontal suture; lac, lacrimal socket; lss, laterosphenoid suture; ms, joint surface for the mesethmoid; obf, olfactory bulb fossa; or, orbital wall; os, orbital slot; oss, orbitosphenoid suture; pb, postorbital buttress; prf, joint surface for prefrontal; ps, parietal suture; rpos, rostral part of postorbital suture; sc, sagittal crest. Images are courtesy of The Fossil Vertebrate Collection at the University of Colorado Boulder Museum of Natural History. vidual variation. Furthermore, the area between the postsurface of TMP 2013.018.0011 (14.2°; Voris et al., 2019: orbital buttress and the caudal shelf in UCM 55499 is fig. 2) and that of the postorbital suture and the ros- extremely thin and plate-like, similar to the condition trocaudal axis (19.7°) in the lateral surface of UCM reported in the holotype of tyrannosaurine Alioramus 55499 are comparable to each other. Additionally, the "altai" (Bever et al., 2013) but differs from the relatively laterosphenoid suture in UCM 55499 is facing caudoven- deep condition in juvenile Gorgosaurus (e.g., Voris et al., trally, unlike the subvertical, caudally-facing suture in 2019: fig. S15). Lastly, Gorgosaurus does not approach Gorgosaurus frontals (e.g., Yun, 2020; pers. obs). This the abundance of Daspletosaurus horneri in the Two appears to be consistent with the description of Voris Medicine Formation (e.g., Farlow & Pianka, 2002; Carr (2018), who noted the angle between frontal and later- et al., 2017; Voris et al., 2020). In summary, the combiosphenoid sutures in Daspletosaurus postorbitals is ob- nation of aforementioned Daspletosaurus-like or tyrantuse, in which the former slopes caudoventrally. Further- nosaurine-like features, differences from similarly-sized more, the mediolateral width of the caudal shelf in UCM Gorgosaurus frontals as well as its provenance favours 55499 is slightly wider than that of the postorbital but- identification of the specimen as Daspletosaurus horneri tress, which is reminiscent to the condition in tyranno- through a balance of probability. saurines (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., 2022). In contrast, the widest part of the albertosaurine frontals is located at the Comparative description: UCM 55499 is an isolated, rostral end of postorbital suture (Voris, 2018; Voris et al., mostly complete left frontal that lacks the nasal process, 2022). Thus, UCM 55499 can be identified as a tyranno- the rostral part of the area that articulated with the presaurine, of which Daspletosaurus horneri is the only frontal, and the dorsal part of the sagittal crest. As preknown example in the Two Medicine Formation. There- served, the maximum rostrocaudal length of the specimen fore, this specimen is probably referable to this taxon. is 82 mm. When measured after the methodology of Cur- Of note, UCM 55499 does resemble Gorgosaurus front- rie (2003a), the width and depth are 44 mm and 18 mm, als by possessing mediolaterally oriented orbital slot in respectively. The specimen is comparable in its dimendorsal view (Voris et al., 2022) but it is interpreted in this sions to small frontals of Daspletosaurus sp., Gorgowork that this apparent similarity is likely due to the saurus libratus, Tarbosaurus bataar, and Tyrannosaurus "transitional" growth stage that the specimen represents, rex, but much smaller than large frontals of any of these between small juveniles with rostrocaudally elongated (Currie, 2003a; Lehman & Wick, 2013). shallow slot (Carr, 1999; Tsuihiji et al., 2011) and the The subcutaneous surface of the "forehead" region is flat, folded, narrow and deep slot present in tyrannosaurine like in some individuals of Daspletosaurus spp., and in adults (Carr, 2020; Voris et al., 2022), or else as an indi- Lythronax argestes (Voris et al., 2020; Yun, 2020; Figs.
Fig. 22 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 22. Right (A, B) and left (C, D) distal tibiotarsi of a juvenile specimen of Baptornis advenus (FMNH- UC-395) in cranial (A, C) and mediocranial (B, D) views. Note the absence of a suture separating the tall ascending process (mostproximal extension marked by arrows) from the astragalus' body.
Fig. 21 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 21. Comparisons of the tarsus of nonavian theropods (Allosaurus fragilis and Deinonychus antirhopus), basal birds (Rahonavis ostromi and Vorona berivotrensis), GMV-2158, and a juvenile modern bird (Struthio camelus). Abbreviations as in figure 18.
Fig. 13 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 13. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the thoracic girdle of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: afa, articular facet of acromion; cof, dorsal coracoidal fossa; fsn, supracoracoid nerve foramen; haf, humeral articular facet; hyp, hypocleideum; saf, scapular articular facet. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.
Fig. 16 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 16. Interpretive drawing of the carpus and manus of NIGP-130723. Abbreviations: rdl, radiale. Other abbreviations as in figure 15.
Fig. 15 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 15. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the carpus and manus of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: sm, semilunate carpal; unr, ulnare; x, carpal X; I1, proximal phalanx of alular digit. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.
Fig. 9 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 9. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the skull of GMV-2159. Abbreviations: mp, dorsal maxillary process. Other abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.
Fig. 10 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 10. Detail of the cervical series of GMV-2158 (photo and interpretive drawing). Abbreviations: poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis.
Fig. 8 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 8. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the skull of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: ac, antorbital cavity; enr, external nares; lac, lacrimal; md, mandible; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; po, postorbital; q, quadrate; saf, surangular fenestra. Other abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.
Fig. 5 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 5. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the positive cast of GMV-2159. The study of GMV-2159 was based on a positive cast of epoxy resin, which renders greater anatomical details. This positive cast was molded from a positive cast of RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) silicon rubber made from the natural mold (fig. 4). Abbreviations: d, dentary; mad, major digit; pyg, pygostyle; scl, sclerotic; I–IV, pedal digits I– IV; (l) or (r), left or right element. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.
Fig. 3 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 3. Photograph and interpretive drawing of GMV-2158 after complete preparation. The two slabs shown in figure 2 were glued and then prepared from one side. Abbreviations: alm, alular metacarpal; co, coracoid; cmm, claw of major manual digit; cv, caudal vertebrae; cve, cervical vertebrae; f, frontal; fem, femur; fib, fibula; fur, furcula; gas, gastralia; hum, humerus; hyo, hyoid; isc, ischium; ili, ilium; j, jugal; loj, lower jaw; mam, major metacarpal; mim, minor metacarpal; mtI–IV, metatarsals I–IV; o, orbit; p, parietal; pmx, premaxilla; pub, pubis; r, ribs; rad, radius; sc, scapula; st, sternum; syn, synsacrum; tib, tibia; tv, thoracic vertebrae; uln, ulna; vr, ventral ribs; (l) or (r), left or right element.
Fig. 7 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 7. Photograph and interpretive drawing of GMV-2156. This slab, the counterpart of which is shown in figure 6, was used as the holotype of Lingyuangornis parvus by Ji and Ji (1999) (drawing after Ji and Ji, 1999). Abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.
Fig. 2 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 2. Slab (A) and counterslab (B) of GMV-2158 prior to preparation. C. Details of the feather impressions preserved on the slab.
Fig. 1 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 1. Map of Liaoning Province (Northeastern China) showing the Early Cretaceous localities of GMV-2158 (Jianshangou) and NIGP-130723/GMV-2156 and GMV-2159 (Dawangzhangzi).
Fig. 18 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 18. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the tarsus of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: asp, ascending process of astragalus; ast, astragalus; cal, calcaneum; dts, distal tarsal. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.
Fig. 17 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 17. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the carpus and manus of GMV-2159. Abbreviations as in figure 15.
Fig. 12 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 12. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the caudal series and pelvis of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: vc1–8, caudal vertebrae 1–8; idp, ischiadic proximal dorsal process; ifa, iliac articular facet of ischium; pfa, pubic articular facet of ischium; ptr, posterior trochanter. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.
Fig. 20 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 20. Comparisons of the carpus of a nonavian theropod (Deinonychus antirhopus), Archaeopteryx lithographica, GMV-2158, the enantiornithine Longipteryx chaoyangensis, and the embryo of a modern bird (Gallus gallus). Abbreviations as in figure 15.
Fig. 19 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny
Fig. 19. Interpretive drawings of the pes of GMV-2158 and GMV-2159. Abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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