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30 results for “lagomorph”
Vegetation cover from line intercept transects in lagomorph exclosure and shrub removal plots at the Jornada Experimental Range, southern New Mexico, USA, 1938-2001
This package contains data from a study to quantify vegetation dynamics in response to lagomorph and shrub exclusion on the Jornada Experimental Range from 1938-2001. Data consist of vertical line intercept measures of the perennial grasses, suffretescents and shrubs. Sixteen plots at each of 3 sites (Gravelly Ridges, Dona Ana exclosure, and Parker Tank) were established in 1938-39. Plots were 21.3 x 21.3 m with a 7.6 m buffer zone between each. Plots were divided into east and west halves and 14 randomly located 10.65 m transects were located in each half plot. Vegetation was measured using vertical line intercepts in 1938, 1947, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1989, 1995, and 2001 for the Gravelly Ridges site, and in 1938/9, 1947, 1960, 1967, and 2001 for the Parker Tank and Dona Ana sites. The treatments include lagomorph exclusion (using wire fencing), shrub removal (hand grubbing at the ground surface), furrowing (shallow, hand raked furrows to trap surface water), and seeding (broadcast applications of seeds of native perennials). Seeding and furrowing treatments were only applied in 1939. Lagomorph exclusion has persisted since establishment, and shrub removal treatments have been reapplied immediately following all years of vegetation sampling. The dataset contains information on the site, year of data collection, plot number, line number, vegetation, and number of vegetation present on each line. This study is complete. For more information, refer to: Havstad, K.M., R.P. Gibbens, C.A. Knorr, and L.W. Murray. 1999. Long-term influences of shrub removal and lagomorph exclusion on Chihuahuan Desert vegetation dynamics. Journal of Arid Environments 42: 155-166. https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1999.0516
Fig. 8 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 8. Cross−section of the lower molar talonid of the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi (Depéret, 1887) from Bełchatów A, Poland (MF/5098). A. Explanatory image of the studied specimen. B. Buccal margin showing thin crenulated enamel. C. Anterolingual margin with radial (internal) and irregular decussating (external) enamel layers. D–F. Hypoflexid region, showing thin, poorly differentiated enamel.
Fig. 10 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 10. Plotted microwear data for Eurolagus fontannesi, modern squirrels and caviids. A. According to the eco−group classification, Eurolagus fontannesi is a typical browser, whereas the diet type (B) plot suggests a fruit−seed or fruit−leaf based diet for this species. Note the position of Notocitellus annulatus (N. a.), a tropical ground squirrel. Comparative data after Nelson et al. (2005) and Townsend and Croft (2008).
Fig. 6 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 6. Longitudinal section of P4 of the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi (Depéret, 1887) from Bełchatów A, Poland (MF/5077). A. Enamel structure of the lingual cutting edge, with radial (internal) and decussating (external) layers exhibiting Hunter−Schreger bands. B. Lingual enamel structure, magnified. C. Enamel structure of the crescent area (tangential section of the enamel lamella). D. Explanatory image of the studied specimen.
Fig. 5 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 5. The Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi (Depéret, 1887) from Bełchatów A, Poland. A. P2 (MF/5067) in anterior (A1) and occlusal (A2) views. B. P2 (MF/5068) in occlusal view. C. Fragment of juvenile P3 (MF/5072). D. P4 (MF/5074) in distal (D1) and occlusal (D2) views. E. Juvenile P4 (MF/5101/a) in occlusal view. F. Fragment of P3 (MF/5070) in occlusal view. G. M1 (MF/5101/b) in occlusal (G1), anterior (G2), and lingual (G3) views. H. M1 (MF/5076) in lingual (H1) and distal (H2) views. I. M2 (MF/5079) in occlusal view. J. M2 (MF/5081) in occlusal (J1), lingual (J2), and distal (J3) views. K. p3 (MF/5083) in occlusal view. L. m2 (MF/5086) in occlusal (L1), anterior (L2), buccal (L3), and lingual (L4) views; note the enamel hiatus in anterior view. M. Separated trigonid of juvenile lower molar (MF/5089) in occlusal view. N. m3 (MF/5087) in occlusal (N1), distal (N2), and anterior (N3) views.
Fig. 9 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 9. Microwear structures of the premolars and molars of the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi (Depéret, 1887) from Bełchatów A, Poland. A. Occlusal enamel surface of the anteroloph of M1 (MF/5101/b). Anterior shearing surface (A1, A2) and buccal cusp (A3). B. Occlusal enamel surface of P3 (MF/5075); note the scratches on the crescent and the anterior shearing surface (arrows). Scale bar 100 µm.
Fig. 2 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 2. Generalized lithostratigraphic section of the Neogene deposits of the Bełchatów site, with the position of vertebrate faunas (after Szynkiewicz 2000; Worobiec and Szynkiewicz 2007, modified). I–XIII, paleobotanical profiles, A–D, coal seams, TS, tonsteins (track dating).
Fig. 1 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 1. Spatio−temporal distribution of Eurolagus fontannesi (Depéret, 1887) in Europe. Sites: 1, Sant Quirze; 2, Can Mata; 3, St Miquel de Taudell; 4, Can Llobateres; 5, Terrassa; 6, La Grive; 7, Four; 8, Soblay; 9, Anwil; 10, Langenmoosen; 11, Attenfeld; 12, Rothenstein; 13, Hammerschmiede; 14, Giggenhausen; 15, Opole; 16, Rudabánya; 17, Felsötárkany; 18, Subpiatră; 19, Grytsev; 20, Belometchetskaya. Bełchatów marked with a star, the diamond indicates Eurolagus aff. fontannesi (Pickford et al. 2000), and the square marks "Amphilagus" sarmaticus (Topachevsky 1987). White circle = MN 5 and 6, gray circle = MN 7+8, and black circle = MN 9 and 10. Data from Fortelius (2010) and references in the text.
Fig. 3 in New data on the Miocene stem lagomorph Eurolagus fontannesi, and its northernmost record
Fig. 3. Mineralization of the lagomorph dental elements from Bełchatów level A. A–C. Aggregates of framboidal pyrite at the lower molar occlusal surface. A. The trigonid showing regions analyzed for element content, frame a, dentine, frame b, region mapped in D. B, C. Closeups of A. D. Element mapping of a fragment of the dental occlusal surface; note the presence of silicates, iron sulfide, and chlorides.
F I G. 1. — Ohbayashinema ochotoni n. gen., n in Ohbayashinema ochotoni n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea), parasite d'un Lagomorphe du Népal; intérêt phylétique de ce genre
F I G. 1. — Ohbayashinema ochotoni n. gen., n. sp., mâle. A, extrémité antérieure, vue latérale droite; 13, coupe transversale au milieu du corps; C, bourse caudale, vue ventrale; D, détail du pore excréteur et des deirides, vue ventrale; E, pointe d'un spicule. A, C, éch. = 150 fj.; B, éch. = 50 y.; D, E, éch. = 100 ¡A.
FIG. 7 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 7. — Insectivores from Küçükçekmece West, Crusafontina cf. endemica Gibert, 1975: A, right m1 (MNHN.F.TRQ963) in occlusal view; B, C, right mandible with m1 (TRQ962) in lateral (B) and medial (C) views. Schizogalerix sp.: D, right m2 (TRQ961) in occlusal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 6 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 6. — Ochotona ozansoyi Sen, 2003 from Küçükçekmece West: A, B, P2 sin; C, P4 or M1 sin; D, P4 or M1 dext; E, M2 sin; F, p3 dext; G, mandible dext in lateral view; H, m1, m2 and alveoli of m3 of the same mandible. Cheek teeth in occlusal view. Black areas, enamel; dotted areas, cement infill.
FIG. 5 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 5. — Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832 from Küçükçekmece East and an astragalus of Castor fiber for comparison: A, right mandible with p4-m3 in occlusal view, as illustrated by Malik & Nafiz 1933, pl. XII, fig. 8; B, left astragalus (KÇ 118) in dorsal (B1) and plantar (B2) views; C, right astragalus (KÇ 117) in dorsal (C1) and plantar (C2) views; D, right astragalus of extant C. fiber in dorsal (D1) and plantar (D2) views (MNHN.F, no number). Scale bar: 10 mm.
FIG. 4 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 4. — Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832 from Küçükçekmece West. Lower incisors and cheek teeth. A, left lower incisor fragment in lateral view (MNHN.F.TRQ790); B, right lower incisor fragment in lateral view (TRQ797); C left mandible fragment with p4-m1 (TRQ846) in occlusal (C) and labial (C') views; D, right p4 (TRQ845) in occlusal (D), labial (D') and lingual (D") views; E, left p4 (TRQ813) in occlusal (E), labial (E') and lingual (E") views; F, right p4 (TRQ843) in occlusal (F), labial (F') and lingual (F") views; G, right mandible fragment with p4 (TRQ864) in occlusal (G), labial (G') and lingual (G") views; H, right m1 or m2 (TRQ857) in occlusal (H) and labial (H') views; I, right m1 or m2 (TRQ855) in occlusal (I), labial (I') and lingual (I") views; J, right m3 (TRQ860) in occlusal (J), labial (J') and lingual (J") views; K, right m3 (TRQ837) in occlusal (K), labial (K') and lingual (K") views. Scale bar: occlusal view of cheek teeth, 10 mm; lingual and labial views of cheek teeth and incisors, 5 mm.
FIG. 3 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 3. — Chalicomys jaegeri Kaup, 1832 from Küçükçekmece West. Upper incisors and cheek teeth. A, right P4 (MNHN.F.TRQ829) in occlusal (A), lingual (A') and labial (A") views; B, left P4 (TRQ830) in occlusal (B), lingual (B') and labial (B") views; C, right P4 (TRQ831) in occlusal (C), lingual (C') and labial (C") views; D, left M1 or M2 (TRQ822) in occlusal (D), lingual (D') and labial (D") views; E, left M1 or M2 (TRQ819) in occlusal (E) and lingual (E') views; F, left M1 or M2 (TRQ817) in occlusal (F), lingual (F') and labial (F") views; G, left M3 (TRQ834) in occlusal (G) and lingual (G') views; H, right upper incisor fragment (TRQ791) in lateral view; I, left upper incisor fragment (TRQ801) in lateral view. Scale bar: occlusal view of cheek teeth, 10 mm; lingual and labial views of cheek teeth and incisors, 5 mm.
FIG. 1 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 1. — Byzantinia bayraktepensis from Küçükçekmece West, Turkey: A, M1 dext (MNHN.F.TRQ955); B, M2-3 sin (TRQ956); C, fragment of m1 dext (TRQ957); D, m2 dext (TRQ958); E, m2 sin (TRQ959). Spalacidae gen. and sp. indet. from Küçükçekmece: F, M2 sin (TRQ951); G, m3 sin (TRQ952). Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIG. 2 in Rodents, lagomorphs and insectivores
FIG. 2. — Length/width scatter diagram of the second upper molar (M2) in different species of Sinapospalax (S.), Pliospalax (P.) and Spalax. Note that only one M2 is noted from the localities of Sinap Loc. 65, Amasya and Küçükçekmece. Modified from Sen & Sarica 2011: fig. 4.
Cranial endocast of the stem lagomorph Megalagus and brain structure of basal Euarchontoglires
<p>Early lagomorphs are central to our understanding of how the brain evolved in Glires (rodents, lagomorphs and their kin) from basal members of Euarchontoglires (Glires + Euarchonta, the latter grouping primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Here we report the first virtual endocast of the fossil lagomorph <i>Megalagus turgidus</i>, from the Orella Member of the Brule Formation, early Oligocene, Nebraska, USA. The specimen represents one of the oldest nearly complete lagomorph skulls known. Primitive aspects of the endocranial morphology in <i>Megalagus</i> include large olfactory bulbs, exposure of the midbrain, a small neocortex, and a relatively low encephalization quotient. Overall, this suggest a brain morphology closer to that of other basal members of Euarchontoglires (e.g., plesiadapiforms and ischyromyid rodents) than to that of living lagomorphs. However, the well-developed petrosal lobules in <i>Megalagus</i>, comparable to the condition in modern lagomorphs, suggest early specialization in that order for the stabilization of eye movements necessary for accurate visual tracking. Our study sheds new light on the reconstructed morphology of the ancestral brain in Euarchontoglires and fills a critical gap in the understanding of palaeoneuroanatomy of this major group of placental mammals.</p>
Anatomy of the nasal and auditory regions of the fossil lagomorph Palaeolagus haydeni: systematic and evolutionary implications
<p>Palaeolagus, a late Eocene to early Miocene North American lagomorph genus, represented by numerous and well-preserved specimens, has been long considered a basal leporid, although it is currently understood as a stem lagomorph. Based on micro-computed tomography (μCT) data and 3D reconstructions, here we present the first description of intracranial structures of the nasal and auditory regions of a complete skull of Palaeolagus haydeni from the early Oligocene of Nebraska. Although Palaeolagus haydeni shows a puzzling mixture of extant leporid and ochotonid characters, it helps to polarize and re-evaluate already known lagomorph intracranial characters based on outgroup comparison with Rodentia and Scandentia. Common derived features of Palaeolagus haydeni and extant Lagomorpha are the dendritic maxilloturbinal and the excavated nasoturbinal that contacts the lamina semicircularis. Generally, Palaeolagus haydeni and Leporidae have several characters in common, some of which are certainly plesiomorphic (e.g., thin wall of bulla tympani and flat conic cochlea). Palaeolagus haydeni resembles Leporidae in having an interturbinal between the two frontoturbinals, and three ethmoturbinals plus one interturbinal between ethmoturbinal I and II. Now, this should also be regarded as a plesiomorphic grundplan pattern for Leporidae whereas ochotonids are derived from the lagomorph grundplan as concerns the number of frontoturbinals. Concerning the middle ear, Palaeolagus haydeni significantly contributes to the polarization of the anterior anchoring of the malleus in extant lagomorphs. Palaeolagus haydeni resembles the pattern observed in early ontogenetic stages of Ochotonidae, i.e., the attachment of the malleus to the ectotympanic via a short processus anterior. The patterns in adult ochotonids and leporids now can be regarded as two different and apomorphic character states. Autapomorphic characters of Palaeolagus haydeni are the reduced frontoturbinal 2 and the additional anterolaterally oriented process of the lamina semicircularis. Interestingly, among the investigated intracranial structures the loss of the secondary crus commune is the only apomorphic grundplan character of crown Lagomorpha.</p> <p> </p>
Mandibular characteristics of early Glires (Mammalia) reveal mixed rodent and lagomorph morphotypes
<p>Glires (rodents, lagomorphs and their fossil kin) is the most speciose and arguably most diversified clade of living placentals. Different lineages within the Glires evolved basically opposite chewing movements: a mostly transversal power stroke in lagomorphs, and a mostly proal power stroke in rodents, but the ancestral condition for Glires is as yet unclear. To address on this knowledge gap, we studied the mandibles of Paleocene Glires from China representing the duplicidentate (lagomorph-like; <em>Mimotona</em>) and simplicidentate (rodent-like; <em>Eomylus</em> and <em>Heomys</em>) lineages. To assess the mechanical resistance of mandibles to bending and torsion, we calculated the section modulus. The dentaries differ in depth, curvature of the ventral margin, the bending of the dental row and the region where the maximum grinding force was likely applied. In general, the early Paleocene <em>Mimotona</em> <em>lii</em> and the middle Paleocene <em>Mimotona</em> <em>robusta</em> and <em>Heomys</em> <em>orientalis</em> all show a pattern of increasing strength moving distally along the mandible, similar to sciurids and the mountain beaver. In contrast, the late Paleocene <em>Eomylus</em> sp. had a mandible that was strongest in the region of m1, a pattern seen in lagomorphs and also the stem placental <em>Zofialestes</em>. Our results indicate the early diversification of mandible structure of Glires, demonstrate a mixture of duplicidentate and simplicidentate characters among the basal Glires and suggest an early occurrence of a lagomorph-like morphotype.</p>
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