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14 results for “land use intensification”
Data supplement for "Land use intensification increasingly drives the spatiotemporal patterns of the global human appropriation of net primary production in the last century"
<p>This data supplements the publication "Land use intensification increasingly drives the spatiotemporal patterns of the global human appropriation of net primary production in the last century" by Thomas Kastner, Sarah Matej, Matthew Forrest, Simone Gingrich, Helmut Haberl, Thomas Hickler, Fridolin Krausmann, Gitta Lasslop, Maria Niedertscheider, Christoph Plutzar, Florian Schwarzmüller, Jörg Steinkamp, Karl-Heinz Erb.</p> <p>For details, please refer to the included readme file and to the publication (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15932">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15932</a>)</p> <p>In this new Version 1.01, we changed the file structure to make the data more accessible, we added data on means across modulations as used in the paper, and we include csv files with national totals for the different HANPP components.</p>
Data for study Conventional land-use intensification reduces species richness and increases production: A global meta-analysis
Most current research on land‐use intensification addresses its potential to either threaten biodiversity or to boost agricultural production. However, little is known about the simultaneous effects of intensification on biodiversity and yield. To determine the responses of species richness and yield to conventional intensification, this dataset was created and a global meta‐analysis on it was carried out, thus synthesizing 115 studies. The dataset consists of 449 cases that cover a variety of areas used for agricultural (crops, fodder) and silvicultural (wood) production. It was found that across all production systems and species groups, conventional intensification is successful in increasing yield (grand mean + 20.3%), but it also results in a loss of species richness (−8.9%). However, analysis of sub‐groups revealed inconsistent results. Within high‐intensity systems species losses were non‐significant but yield gains were substantial (+15.2%). Conventional intensification within medium intensity systems revealed the highest yield increase (+84.9%) and showed the largest loss in species richness (−22.9%). Production systems differed in their magnitude of richness response, with insignificant changes in silvicultural systems and substantial losses in crop systems (−21.2%). In addition, this meta‐analysis identifies a lack of studies that collect robust biodiversity (i.e. beyond species richness) and yield data at the same sites and that provide quantitative information on land‐use intensity. These findings suggest that, in many cases, conventional land‐use intensification drives a trade‐off between species richness and production. However, species richness losses were often not significantly different from zero, suggesting even conventional intensification can result in yield increases without coming at the expense of biodiversity loss. These results, which were published in a paper titled Conventional land‐use intensification reduces species richness and increa
Species richness: a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality
<p>Temperate semi-natural grasslands harbour unique biodiversity, support livestock farming through forage production, and deliver many essential ecosystem services (ESs) to human society; they are highly multifunctional. However, temperate grassland ecosystems are also among the most threatened ecosystems on earth due to land use and climate change. Understanding how biodiversity, climate, and land use intensification impact grassland multifunctionality through complex direct and indirect pathways is critical to better anticipate the future of these fragile ecosystems. </p> <p>Here, we evaluate how local plant species richness (SR) modulates the effect of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality (using six key ESs: biomass productivity and stability, forage quality, carbon storage, pollination, and local plant rarity) in the French Massif Central, the largest grassland in Western-Europe. We sampled 100 grassland fields with contrasted fertilisation rates, and SR over large elevational and latitudinal gradients related to variation in mean annual temperature (MAT), and drought severity (DS), two key climate change drivers that are predicted to increase in the future.</p> <p>Using a confirmatory path analysis, we found that SR was the main driver of multifunctionality. We also found significant SR × MAT and SR × fertilization interactions suggesting that warm climate and high fertilization rates may alter the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationships. Furthermore, increasing temperature and fertilization indirectly influenced multifunctionality by decreasing SR and consequent multifunctionality in warm low-land and highly fertilized grasslands compared to colder montane grasslands or less fertilised ones. DS only impacted some ES individually (e.g. forage quality).</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: we identified SR as a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on multifunctionality through both direct and indirect pathways. Failing to account for changes in SR could thus bias any prediction of – or aggravate – the effects of land use intensification and climate change on ESs delivery in temperate grassland ecosystems. Considering that SR, MAT, and fertilization are major proxies of three main global change drivers (biodiversity loss, climate change, and land use intensification) our study may help to better anticipate the effect of multiple interacting global change drivers on grassland ecosystems.</p>
Database for: Meta-analysis of the impact of land use intensification on earthworms in global agroecosystems
<p>The dataset comprises a compilation of studies investigating the impact of land use intensification on earthworms across global agroecosystems. Extracted from peer-reviewed publications, the dataset includes various fields such as climate characteristics are described using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system. Soil properties such as type, texture, pH, and organic content are documented. Additionally, details regarding experimental parameters like replicates, sampling depth, and extraction methods are provided. Furthermore, the dataset encompasses information on agricultural practices including herbicide, insecticide, pesticide usage, fertilizer type and rate, grazing, tillage methods, and days after tillage for earthworm collection. Abundance, diversity, and their associated metrics are recorded for both control and treatment sites.</p>
Species richness: a pivotal factor mediating the effects of land use intensification and climate on grassland multifunctionality
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Agricultural intensification and land use change: assessing country-level induced intensification, land sparing and rebound effect
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>In the context of growing societal demands for land based products, crop production can be increased through expanding cropland or intensifying production on cultivated land. Intensification can allow sparing land for nature, but it can also drive further expansion of cropland, i.e. a rebound effect. Conversely, constraints on cropland expansion may induce intensification. We tested those hypotheses by investigating the bidirectional relations between changes in cropland area and intensity, using a global cross-country panel dataset over 1961-2016. We used a cointegration approach with additional tests to disentangle long and short-run causal relations between variables, and total factor productivity and yields as two measures of intensification. Over the long run we found support for the induced intensification thesis for low income countries. In the short run, intensification resulted in a rebound effect in middle-income countries, which include many key agricultural producers strongly competitive in global agricultural commodity markets. This rebound effect manifested for commodities with high price-elasticity of demand, including rubber, flex crops (sugarcane, palm oil and soybean), and tropical fruits. Over the long run, strong rebound effects remained for key commodities such as flex crops and rubber. Staple cereals such as wheat and rice manifested significant land sparing. In low-income countries, intensification driven by increases in total factor productivity was associated with a stronger rebound effect than yields increases. Agglomeration economies may drive yields increases for key tropical commodity crops. Our study design could allow addressing other complex long and short run causal dynamics in land and social-ecological systems.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Agricultural intensification and land use change: assessing country-level induced intensification, land sparing and rebound effect
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Data from: Land-use intensification increases richness of native and exotic herbaceous plants, but not endemics, in Malagasy vanilla landscapes
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Data from: Tropical rainforest conversion and land-use intensification reduce understory plant phylogenetic diversity
1. Conversion of rainforest into agricultural land affects multiple facets of tropical plant diversity. While the effects of tropical land use change and intensification on species diversity are comparatively well studied, the effects on phylogenetic diversity and structure of plant communities are largely unknown. Furthermore, it is not clear how the loss of native species and addition of alien species collectively affect phylogenetic diversity and structure. 2. We investigated the phylogenetic diversity and structure of understorey plants; a diverse and ecologically important, yet poorly studied group. We studied four prominent land use systems (tropical lowland rainforest, jungle rubber agroforest, rubber plantations and oil palm plantations) in the lowlands of Sumatra (Indonesia), a region experiencing dramatic land use changes. 3. Across the four systems, we investigated differences in four metrics of phylogenetic community structure (phylogenetic diversity, mean pairwise distance, mean nearest taxon distance and their abundance-weighted variants). Our analyses were based on a comprehensive vegetation survey consisting of 32 plots, 1,197 species of vascular plants, and 146,599 plant individuals. 4. Our results showed that forest conversion into agricultural systems leads to a pronounced loss of phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, the standard effect size of mean pairwise distance indicated a gradual change from clustered to overdispersed phylogenetic community structure with increasing land use intensity from forest over jungle rubber to the monoculture plantations. In most land use systems, the presence or absence of alien plant species did not affect phylogenetic structure. Only in oil palm plantations, removing alien species from the data led to a more overdispersed structure. In conclusion, conserving the phylogenetic diversity and structure requires efficient protection of the last remaining rainforests. 5. Synthesis and applications. Forest conversion into agricultural areas negatively affects phylogenetic understorey plant diversity and leads to a shift from clustered to overdispersed phylogenetic community structure. These trends are partly driven by alien species particularly in oil palm plantations. Protecting the remaining rainforests, and considering multi-species agroforestry systems in favour of intensive monoculture plantations are thus imperative to conserve phylogenetic plant diversity and community structure.
Data from: Tropical rainforest conversion and land-use intensification reduce understory plant phylogenetic diversity
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Data from: Land-use intensification effects on functional properties in tropical plant communities
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Data from: Trait-matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land use intensification
1. Trait-based approaches represent a promising way to understand how trophic interactions shape animal communities. The approach relies on the identification of the traits that mediate the linkages between adjacent trophic levels, i.e. "trait-matching". Yet, how trait-matching explains the abundance and diversity of animal communities has been barely explored. This question may be particularly critical in the context of land use intensification, currently threatening biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. 2. We collected a large dataset on plant and grasshopper traits from communities living in 204 sampled grasslands, in an intensively managed agricultural landscape. We used a multi-trait approach to quantify the relative contributions of trait-matching and land use intensification acting at both local and landscape scales on grasshopper functional diversity. We considered two key independent functional traits: incisor strength and body size of grasshopper species. Incisor strength, a resource-acquisition trait, strongly matches grasshopper feeding niche. Body size correlates with mobility traits, and may determine grasshopper dispersal abilities. 3. Plant functional diversity positively impacted the diversity of grasshopper resource-acquisition trait, according to the trait-matching observed between plants and herbivores. However, this positive effect was significantly higher in old grasslands. In addition, the presence of specific habitats in the landscape (i.e. wood and alfalfa) strongly enhanced grasshopper resource-acquisition trait diversity in the focal grassland. Finally, body size increased with landscape simplification, although its response was modulated by local factors such as soil depth. 4. Trait-matching between plants and herbivores was an important driver explaining the abundance and diversity of resource-acquisition traits within grasshopper communities. Herbivore functional diversity in grasslands, however, cannot be understood without taking into account the presence of specific habitats in the surrounding landscape, as well as the age of the grassland. Our study suggests mass effect and assembly time are central mechanisms promoting higher functional diversity within animal communities in highly disturbed anthropogenic system.
Data from: Trait-matching and mass effect determine the functional response of herbivore communities to land use intensification
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Database for: Meta-analysis of the impact of land use intensification on selected soil fauna in global agroecosystems
<p>The dataset is an aggregate of research works examining how intensification of land usage affects soil faunal populations worldwide in agroecosystems, particularly focused on nematodes, springtails, mites and enchytraeids. The dataset, which was taken from peer-reviewed articles, covers a number of topics, including the Köppen-Geiger climate classification system's description of climate features. Properties of soil, including type, texture, pH, and organic matter, are recorded. Furthermore, information is given about the experimental parameters, including replicates, sampling depth, and extraction techniques. The dataset also includes details on grazing, tillage techniques, pesticide, herbicide, and pesticide usage, fertilizer kind and rate, and days after tillage for faunal collection. For both the control and treatment locations, abundance, diversity, and the parameters that go along with it are noted.</p>
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