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39 results for “landscape gradient”
Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
<p>Understanding how niche-based and neutral processes contribute to the spatial variation in plant-pollinator interactions is central to designing effective pollination conservation schemes. Such schemes are needed to reverse declines of wild bees and other pollinating insects and to promote pollination services to wild and cultivated plants. We used data on wild bee interactions with plants belonging to the four tribes Loteae, Trifolieae, Anthemideae, and either spring- or summer-flowering Cichorieae, sampled systematically along a 682km latitudinal gradient to build models that allowed us to (a) predict occurrences of pairwise bee-flower interactions across 115 sampling locations, and (b) estimate the contribution of variables hypothesized to be related to niche-based assembly structuring processes (viz. annual mean temperature, landscape diversity, bee sociality, bee phenology, and flower preferences of bees) and neutral processes (viz. regional commonness and dispersal distance to conspecifics). While neutral processes were important predictors of plant-pollinator distributions, niche-based processes were reflected in the contrasting distributions of solitary bee and bumble bees along the temperature gradient, and in the influence of bee flower preferences on the distribution of bee species across plant types. In particular, bee flower preferences separated bees into three main groups, albeit with some overlap: visitors to spring-flowering Cichorieae; visitors to Anthemideae and summer-flowering Cichorieae; and visitors to Trifolieae and Loteae. Our findings suggest that both neutral and niche-based processes are significant contributors to the spatial distribution of plant-pollinator interactions so that conservation actions in our region should be directed towards areas: near high concentrations of known occurrences of regionally rare bees; in mild climatic conditions; and that are surrounded by heterogeneous landscapes. Given the observed niche-based differences, the proportion of functionally distinct plants in flower-mixes could be chosen to target bee species, or guilds, of conservation concern.</p>
Data from: Landscape variation in defense traits along gradients of multiple resources in a tropical savanna plant
<p><span>Many plant species are widely distributed and consequently are exposed to multiple abiotic factors and diverse herbivores, each of which may distinctly affect the magnitude of different defense traits.</span><span> </span><span>Alternative theories for optimal allocation to plant defense traits predict both positive and negative associations between magnitude of defense and resource availability. These predictions may apply even within species. </span><span>This </span><span>suggests potential for a single species' patterns of association of defense traits and resources to vary with both the type of defense and identity of resource, but relatively few studies have explored intraspecific variation in multiple defense traits along several resource gradients simultaneously. </span><span>In order to address this gap, especially in an ecosystem dominated by large mammalian herbivores, we assessed relationships between multiple resources (rainfall, soil N, and soil P) and plant defense traits (prickle density, phenolics, and lignin content) using a widely distributed tropical savanna herb, <em>Solanum</em> <em>incanum</em>, growing in naturally occurring resource gradients within the Serengeti National Park. </span>We found substantial intraspecific variation in all three defense traits across sites (n =43). Variation in prickle density was positively associated with rainfall and soil P, but not soil N. In contrast to prickle density, phenolics and lignin were uncorrelated with all three resource gradients. This independent association of soil P with a carbon-based defense, prickle density, suggests potential for resources that are not components of defenses to influence allocation to defense traits. Such influence may reflect association between resource and herbivore abundance and/or preference. These varied patterns in resource-defense associations further emphasize the tremendous variation in anti-herbivore traits which may be influenced by different plant resources and highlight the need to consider multiple resource gradients in understanding evolution of plant traits.</p>
Data from: Landscape variation in defense traits along gradients of multiple resources in a tropical savanna plant
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Neutral processes related to regional bee commonness and dispersal distances are important predictors of plant-pollinator networks along gradients of climate and landscape conditions
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Wild elephants vary in their attraction to novelty across an anthropogenic landscape gradient
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Eight Mile Lake Research Watershed, Thaw Gradient, Ecosystem carbon balance: Eddy covariance CO2 flux data of a heterogenous landscape undergoing permafrost thaw.
In this larger study, we are asking the question: Is old carbon that comprises the bulk of the soil organic matter pool released in response to thawing of permafrost? We are answering this question by using a combination of field and laboratory experiments to measure radiocarbon isotope ratios in soil organic matter, soil respiration, and dissolved organic carbon, in tundra ecosystems. The objective of these proposed measurements is to develop a mechanistic understanding of the SOM sources contributing to C losses following permafrost thawing. We are making these measurements at an established tundra field site near Healy, Alaska in the foothills of the Alaska Range. Field measurements center on a natural experiment where permafrost has been observed to warm and thaw over the past several decades. This area represents a gradient of sites each with a different degree of change due to permafrost thawing. As such, this area is unique for addressing questions at the time and spatial scales relevant for change in arctic ecosystems. Understanding how landscape level physical and biological changes effect carbon cycling is important for estimating the carbon balance of an ecosystem undergoing permafrost thaw.
Top-down interactions in streams draining human-modified landscapes at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1998: Gradient algae data
Spatial and temporal variability of consumer-controlled forces have been the subject of much debate in ecology. To date, most studies considering variability of these top-down interactions have focused on systems minimally impacted by human activities. However, human modification of the landscape is prevalent, and it can significantly affect the strength and outcome of species interactions. The objective of this study was to examine how top-down interactions vary among streams with differing amounts of human disturbance in their watersheds. To address this issue, we experimentally excluded macroconsumers (fishes and crayfishes) from benthic areas of five southern Appalachian streams. These sites represented a range of human watershed development, from 100% to < 50% forested; macroconsumer assemblages at low development sites were dominated by benthic insectivores (Cottus bairdi) and crayfishes, whereas algivores (Campostoma anomalum) and general insectivores (e.g., Notropis leuciodus) were common at more developed sites. Using ceramic tiles as sampling substrates, we compared sediment, algal assemblages (chlorophyll a, AFDM, abundance, biovolume, and composition), and insect assemblages (abundance, biomass, and composition) in macroconsumer exclusion and control areas.
Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes
<p>Urbanization affects pollinator diversity and plant-pollinator networks by changing resource availability locally and in the surrounding landscape. We experimentally established (N = 12) standardized plant communities in farmland, villages and cities to identify the relative role of local and landscape effects on plant-pollinator communities along this urbanization gradient. We found that the number of flower visits by solitary bees, but not bumblebees, were highest in cities and lowest in farmland, with villages being intermediate, whereas syrphid flies exhibited lowest numbers in cities. Villages supported the richest pollinator communities, as they appeared to benefit from both farmland and city communities. Plant-pollinator network metrics such as robustness, interaction evenness and interaction diversity decreased with increasing urbanization, although local plant richness increased towards urban areas. In conclusion, pollinator communities were most diverse and stable in farmland and village sites, despite the high plant richness in cities. The different composition of pollinator communities along the urbanization gradient suggests considering all three landscape types for conservation schemes.</p>
Data from: Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient
Hybrid zones are a valuable tool for studying the process of speciation and for identifying the genomic regions undergoing divergence and the ecological (extrinsic) and non-ecological (intrinsic) factors involved. Here, we explored the genomic and geographic landscape of divergence in a hybrid zone between Papilio glaucus and Papilio canadensis. Using a genome scan of 28,417 ddRAD SNPs, we identified genomic regions under possible selection and examined their distribution in the context of previously identified candidate genes for ecological adaptations. We showed that differentiation was genome-wide, including multiple candidate genes for ecological adaptations, particularly those involved in seasonal adaptation and host plant detoxification. The Z-chromosome and four autosomes showed a disproportionate amount of differentiation, suggesting genes on these chromosomes play a potential role in reproductive isolation. Cline analyses of significantly differentiated genomic SNPs, and of species diagnostic genetic markers, showed a high degree of geographic coincidence (81%) and concordance (80%) and were associated with the geographic distribution of a climate-mediated developmental threshold (length of the growing season). A relatively large proportion (1.3%) of the outliers for divergent selection were not associated with candidate genes for ecological adaptations and may reflect the presence of previously unrecognized intrinsic barriers between these species. These results suggest that exogenous (climate-mediated) and endogenous (unknown) clines may have become coupled and act together to reinforce reproductive isolation. This approach of assessing divergence across both the genomic and geographic landscape can provide insight about the interplay between the genetic architecture of reproductive isolation and endogenous and exogenous selection.
Data set for "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico."
<p>Data set for original article "Local and landscape correlates of coccinellid species richness, abundance, and assemblage change along a rural–urban gradient in Quintana Roo, Mexico"<strong> </strong>accepted at Biotropica.</p> <p>We studied changes in coccinellid assemblage composition, diversity, species richness and abundance in domestic gardens along a rural to urban gradient in southeastern Mexico, and identified local and lanscape variables that determine their species richness and abundance. </p>
Datasets from: Local- and landscape-scale drivers of terrestrial herbaceous plant diversity along a tropical rainfall gradient in Western Ghats, India
<p>This data set contains information on local- and landscape-level terrestrial herbaceous plant diversity and critical abiotic factors along a 36-km East-West transect in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu India. Understory angiosperms with no above-ground wood (secondary cambial growth) were considered as herbaceous plants.</p>
Pollinator interactions of native and introduced plants in smallholder tropical orchards across a gradient of anthropogenic landscapes
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Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes
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Data from: Understanding carnivore interactions in a cold arid trans-Himalayan landscape: What drives co-existence patterns within predator guild along varying resource gradients?
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Using Anuran community diversity and Pseudacris crucifer to predict landscape quality across a land use gradient
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Local and landscape effects on the reproduction of wild bees and wasps in Mediterranean communities along a gradient of land-use
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Data from: From traits to flames: Leaf traits, plant strategies, and plant flammability across a moisture gradient in a frequently burned subtropical landscape
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Data from: Patterns of divergence across the geographic and genomic landscape of a butterfly hybrid zone associated with a climatic gradient
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Datasets from: Local- and landscape-scale drivers of terrestrial herbaceous plant diversity along a tropical rainfall gradient in Western Ghats, India
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Shifts in host-parasitoid networks across community garden management and urban landscape gradients
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.