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41 results for “larval growth”
Quantifying the relation between predator-induced behavior and growth performance in larval anurans, 1999.
Because the nature and magnitude of species interactions are functions of the traits that species possess, understanding how individual traits affect performance is important to our understanding of community structure. To examine the relation between species traits and performance, we first assessed behavioral responses of two larval anurans to three predator species in the laboratory. We then correlated these responses with growth performance of the two anurans when they competed in the field. In the laboratory experiment, larval bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) and green frogs (R. clamitans) exhibited no reduction in activity or spatial avoidance to bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), moderate reductions in activity and spatial avoidance of mudminnows (Umbra limi ), and large reductions in activity and spatial avoidance of larval dragonflies (Anax spp.). In the field experiment, these behavioral responses were directly related to corresponding reductions in growth of the anuran larvae. Thus, for both species, changes in growth in the field could be correlated to the behavioral responses observed in the laboratory. Further, proportional changes in behavior in the presence of the different predators appeared to be related to changes in competitive relations in the field.
Data from: 'A large, infrequent ecosystem subsidy (cicada carcasses) and warming additively accelerate development and increase growth of larval amphibians'
These data are from an experiment designed to quantify how ecosystem subsidies and elevated temperatures affect pond food webs, focusing on the response of frogs and the mechanisms affecting their responses. The subsidy we examined was the deposition of periodical cicada carcasses into ponds, simulating a large subsidy event that happens only every 17 years. The 7-week experiment was conducted in outdoor tanks using a factorial design with four treatments: Control (no subsidy, ambient temperature); Cicadas (cicada carcasses added in one large pulse); Warming (temperature elevated about 2.6°C above ambient); and Cicadas & Warming. The data set includes two frog response variables: time to metamorphosis (days) and size at metamorphosis (g wet mass). It also includes temperature in each tank, measured at 30-minute intervals. In addition, it includes data designed to characterize resource supply to frogs, including the abundance of periphyton and phytoplankton measured as chlorophyll concentration; periphyton and phytoplankton composition at the Division level using data from a spectrofluoroprobe; and water column nutrient concentrations, including ammonium, nitrate, total nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, and total phosphorus. In addition, we estimated algal gross primary production using data on dissolved oxygen measured at 30-minute intervals, and include oxygen data here. Finally, we measured the rate at which cicada carcasses and leaf litter decomposed, and dissolved organic carbon concentrations at the end of the experiment, as these data may shed light on factors affecting nutrient supply to algae as well as ecosystem respiration rates, which are used to estimate gross primary production rates. Thus, we include data on the mass of cicada carcasses and leaf litter on several dates, as well as DOC concentrations on the last day of the experiment.
Figure 1 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 1. Body mass (◆) and total length (■) of Japanese flounder during larval and juvenile development related to days after hatching. Values are given as the mean ± SD. Each value is obtained from 35 individuals.
Figure 2 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 2. Instantaneous growth rate (A) and absolute growth rate (B) of body mass (◆) and total length (v) in Japanese flounder during larval and juvenile development related to days after hatching. Values are given as the mean ± SD. Each value is obtained from 35 individuals.
Figure 4 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 4. Changes in DNA content (■) and DNA concentration (◆) of Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles. Values are given as the mean ± SD. The numbers of samples collected each day range from 5 pools of 560 fish initially to 10 individual fish.
Figure 7 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 7. Diel variation of the RNA/DNA ratio in the fed () and starved (■) Japanese flounder larvae during the 48-h period. Values are given as the mean ± SD. Each value is obtained from 15 individuals. The dark line means the dark time.
Figure 3 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 3. Changes in protein content (■) and protein concentration (◆) of Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles. Values are given as the mean ± SD. The numbers of samples collected each day range from 5 pools of 560 fish initially to 10 individual fish.
Figure 6 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 6. Changes in protein/DNA (■) and RNA/DNA (◆) of Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles. Values are given as the mean ± SD. The numbers of samples collected each day range from 5 pools of 560 fish initially to 10 individual fish.
Figure 5 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 5. Changes in RNA content (■) and RNA concentration (◆) of Japanese flounder larvae and juveniles. Values are given as the mean ± SD. The numbers of samples collected each day range from 5 pools of 560 fish initially to 10 individual fish.
Figure 8 in Ontogenetic changes in nucleic acid, protein contents, and growth of larval and juvenile Japanese flounder
Figure 8. Changes in RNA/DNA ratios of Japanese flounder exposed to different starved-refeeding treatments from 20 to 27 days after hatching: (A) fed (control treatment), (B) 1-day starved, (C) 2-day starved, (D) 3-day starved, (E) 4-day starved. Values are given as the mean ± SD. Each value is obtained from 10 individuals. Dark symbols mean feeding days and empty symbols mean starved days.
Fig. 2 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)
Fig. 2. Mean ± standard deviation of total length of Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae in relation to age.
Fig. 1 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)
Fig. 1. Drawing of Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae (circa 13 mm TL, 8 DAH): total length (TL), head length (HL), head height (HH), head width (HW), mouth length (ML), eye diameter (ED), maxillary barbel length (MB), trunk length (TRL), trunk height (TH), trunk width (TW), yolk sac length (YSL), yolk sac height (YSH), and postanal length (PAL).
Fig. 4 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)
Fig. 4. Allometric growth of measurements on the trunk of Lophiosilurus alexandri during early development (0-29 days after hatching). The dotted line on total length represents the inflexion point of growth, b = allometric growth coefficient, r² = coefficient of determination, and n= number of individuals. (a) trunk length, (b) trunk height, (c) trunk width, (d) postanal length, (e) yolk sac volume.
Fig. 3 in Allometric larval growth of the bottom-dwelling catfish Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae)
Fig. 3. Allometric growth of measurements on the head of Lophiosilurus alexandri during early development (0-29 days after hatching). The dotted line on total length represents the inflexion point of growth, b = allometric growth coefficient, r² = coefficient of determination, and n= number of individuals. (a) head length, (b) head height, (c) head width, (d) mouth length, (e) eye diameter, (f) maxillary barbel length.
Lunar rhythms in growth of larval fish
<p>Growth and survival of larval fishes is highly variable and unpredictable. Our limited understanding of this variation constrains our ability to forecast population dynamics and effectively manage fisheries. Here we show that daily growth rates of a coral reef fish (the sixbar wrasse, Thalassoma hardwicke) are strongly lunar-periodic and predicted by the timing of nocturnal brightness: growth was maximized when the first half of the night was dark and the second half of the night was bright. Cloud cover that obscured moonlight facilitated a 'natural experiment', and confirmed the effect of moonlight on growth. We suggest that lunar-periodic growth may be attributable to light-mediated suppression of diel vertical migrations of predators and prey. Accounting for such effects will improve our capacity to predict the future dynamics of marine populations, especially in response to climate-driven changes in nocturnal cloud cover and intensification of artificial light, which could lead to population declines by reducing larval survival and growth.<br> EndDryadContent</p>
Comparative analysis of larval growth in Lepidoptera reveals instar-level constraints
1. Juvenile growth trajectories evolve via the interplay of selective pressures on age and size at maturity, and developmental constraints. In insects, the moulting cycle is a major constraint on larval growth trajectories. 2. Surface area to volume ratio of a larva decreases during growth, so renewal of certain surfaces by moulting is likely needed for the maintenance of physiological efficiency. A null hypothesis of isometry, implied by Dyar's Rule, would mean that the relative measures of growth remain constant across moults and instars. 3. We studied ontogenetic changes and allometry in instar-specific characteristics of larval growth in 30 lepidopteran species in a phylogenetic comparative framework. 4. Relative instar-specific mass increments (RMI) typically, but not invariably, decreased across instars. Ontogenetic change in RMIs varied among families with little within-family variation. End-of-instar growth deceleration (GD) became stronger with increasing body size across instars. Across-instar change in GD was conserved across taxa. Ontogenetic allometry was generally non-isometric both in RMI and GD. 5. Results indicate that detailed studies on multiple species are needed for generalizations concerning growth trajectory evolution. Developmental and physiological mechanisms affecting growth trajectory evolution show different degrees of evolutionary conservatism, which must be incorporated into models of age and size at maturation.
Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish
<p>Supplementary material for paper entitled "Growth orientations, rather than heterogeneous growth rates, dominate jaw joint morphogenesis in the larval zebrafish".</p> <p>Raw data, scripts, models and results are made available along with supplementary figures.</p>
Dataset: Effects of dietary exposure to plant toxins on bioaccumulation, survival, and growth of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae and lesser mealworm (Alphitobius diaperinus) [larval performance]
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Comparative analysis of larval growth in Lepidoptera reveals instar-level constraints
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Lunar rhythms in growth of larval fish
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