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12 results for “legume-rhizobium”
Novel plant-microbe interactions: rapid evolution of a legume-rhizobium mutualism in restored prairies
1. When plants colonize new habitats, the novel interactions they form with new mutualists or enemies can immediately affect plant performance. These novel interactions also may provoke rapid evolutionary responses and can be ideal scenarios for investigating how species interactions influence plant evolution. 2. To explore how mutualists influence the evolution of colonizing plant populations, we capitalized on an experiment in which two former agricultural fields were seeded with identical prairie seed mixes in 2010. Six years later, we compared how populations of the legume Chamaecrista fasciculata from these sites and their original (shared) source population responded to nitrogen-fixing rhizobia from the restoration sites in a greenhouse reciprocal cross-inoculation experiment. 3. We found that the two populations differed both from their original source population and from each other in the benefits they derive from rhizobia, that one population has evolved reduced allocation to rhizobia (i.e., forms fewer rhizobium-housing nodules). 4. Synthesis. Our results suggest that these plant populations have evolved different ways of interacting with rhizobia, potentially in response to differences in rhizobium quality between sites. Our study illustrates how microbial mutualists may shape plant evolution in new environments and highlights how variation in microbial mutualists potentially may select for different evolutionary strategies in plant hosts.
Priority effects alter interaction outcomes in a legume-rhizobium mutualism
Priority effects occur when the order of species arrival affects final community structure. Mutualists often interact with multiple partners in different orders, but if or how priority effects alter interaction outcomes is an open question. In the field, we paired the legume Medicago lupulina with two nodulating strains of Ensifer bacteria that vary in nitrogen-fixing ability. We inoculated plants with strains in different orders and measured interaction outcomes. The first strain to arrive primarily determined plant performance and final relative abundances of rhizobia on roots. Plants that received effective microbes first and ineffective microbes second grew larger than plants inoculated with the same microbes in opposite order. Our results show that mutualism outcomes can be influenced not just by partner identity, but by interaction order. Furthermore, hosts receiving high-quality mutualists early can better tolerate low-quality symbionts later, indicating priority effects may help explain the persistence of ineffective symbionts.
Priority effects alter interaction outcomes in a legume-rhizobium mutualism
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Novel plant-microbe interactions: rapid evolution of a legume-rhizobium mutualism in restored prairies
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Data from: Autopolyploidy alters nodule-level interactions in the legume-rhizobium mutualism
Premise of the study: Polyploidy is a major genetic driver of ecological and evolutionary processes in plants, yet its effects on plant interactions with mutualistic microbes remain unresolved. The legume-rhizobium symbiosis regulates global nutrient cycles and plays a role in the diversification of legume taxa. In this mutualism, rhizobia bacteria fix nitrogen in exchange for carbon provided by legume hosts. This exchange occurs inside root nodules, which house bacterial cells and represent the interface of legume-rhizobial interactions. Although polyploidy may directly impact the legume-rhizobium mutualism, no studies have explored how it alters the internal structure of nodules. Methods: We created synthetic autotetraploids using Medicago sativa subsp. caerulea. Neotetraploid plants and their diploid progenitors were singly inoculated with two strains of rhizobia, Sinorhizobium meliloti and S. medicae. Confocal microscopy was used to quantify internal traits of nodules produced by diploid and neotetraploid plants. Key Results: Autotetraploid plants produced larger nodules with larger nitrogen fixation zones than diploids across both strains of rhizobia, although significance of this difference was limited by power. Neotetraploid M. sativa subsp. caerulea plants also produced symbiosomes that were significantly larger, nearly twice the size, than those present in diploids. Conclusions: This study sheds light on how polyploidy directly affects a plant-bacterial mutualism and uncovers novel mechanisms. Changes in plant-microbe interactions that directly result from polyploidy likely contribute to the increased ability of polyploid legumes to establish in diverse environments.
Data from: Autopolyploidy alters nodule-level interactions in the legume-rhizobium mutualism
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Light availability and rhizobium variation interactively mediate the outcomes of legume-rhizobium symbiosis
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Premise of the study:</b> Nutrients, light, water, and temperature are key factors limiting the growth of individual plants in nature. Mutualistic interactions between plants and microbes often mediate resource limitation for both partners. In the mutualism between legumes and rhizobia, plants provide rhizobia with carbon in exchange for fixed nitrogen.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Because partner quality in mutualisms is genotype-dependent, within-species genetic variation is expected to alter the responses of mutualists to changes in the resource environment. Here we ask whether partner quality variation in rhizobia mediates the response of host plants to changing light availability, and conversely, whether light alters the expression of partner quality variation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Methods:</b> We inoculated clover hosts with 11 rhizobium strains that differed in partner quality, grew plants under either ambient or low light conditions in the greenhouse, and measured plant growth, nodule traits, and foliar nutrient composition. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Key results:</b> Light availability and rhizobium inocula interactively determined plant growth, and rhizobium partner quality variation was more apparent in ambient light. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><b>Conclusions:</b> Our results suggest that variation in the costs and benefits of rhizobium symbionts mediate host responses to light availability, and that rhizobium variation might more important in higher-light environments. Our work adds to <span><span>a growing appreciation for the role of microbial intraspecific and interspecific diversity in mediating extended phenotypes in their hosts and suggests an important role for light availability in the ecology and evolution of legume-rhizobium symbiosis.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Decreased coevolutionary potential and increased symbiont fecundity during the biological invasion of a legume-rhizobium mutualism
<p>Although most invasive species engage in mutualism, we know little about how mutualism evolves as partners colonize novel environments. Selection on cooperation and standing genetic variation for mutualism traits may differ between a mutualism's invaded and native ranges, which could alter cooperation and coevolutionary dynamics. To test for such differences, we compare mutualism traits between invaded- and native-range host-symbiont genotype combinations of the weedy legume, <i>Medicago polymorpha,</i> and its nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbiont, <i>Ensifer medicae</i>, which have co-invaded North America. We find that mutualism benefits for plants are indistinguishable between invaded- and native-range symbioses. However, rhizobia gain greater fitness from invaded-range mutualisms than from native-range mutualisms, and this enhancement of symbiont fecundity could increase the mutualism's spread by increasing symbiont availability during plant colonization. Furthermore, mutualism traits in invaded-range symbioses show lower genetic variance and a simpler partitioning of genetic variance between host and symbiont sources, compared to native-range symbioses. This suggests that biological invasion has reduced mutualists' potential to respond to coevolutionary selection. Additionally, rhizobia bearing a locus (<i>hrrP</i>) that can enhance symbiotic fitness have more exploitative phenotypes in invaded-range than in native-range symbioses. These findings highlight the impacts of biological invasion on the evolution of mutualistic interactions.</p>
Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis phenotypes
<p>We coded 771 articles published between January 1, 2009 and September 30, 2020 based on presence of relevant legume or rhizobium phenotypes. We were broadly interested in articles that quantified rhizobia and identified other relevant legume phenotypes. We used Web of Science through Chapman University to search for articles related to the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. After filtering articles for relevance, we identified 25 phenotypes present at least once in a single article, and we indicated which articles report data on that phenotype.</p>
Decreased coevolutionary potential and increased symbiont fecundity during the biological invasion of a legume-rhizobium mutualism
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Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis phenotypes
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Light availability and rhizobium variation interactively mediate the outcomes of legume-rhizobium symbiosis
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