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opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Predation drives morphological convergence in the Gambusia panuco species group among lotic and lentic habitats

Fish morphology is often constrained by a trade-off between optimizing steady vs. unsteady swimming performance due to opposing effects of caudal peduncle size. Lotic environments tend to select for steady swimming performance, leading to smaller caudal peduncles, while predators tend to select for unsteady swimming performance, leading to larger caudal peduncles. However, it is unclear which aspect of performance should be optimized across heterogeneous flow and predation environments and how this heterogeneity may affect parallel phenotypic evolution. We investigated this question among four Gambusia species in northeastern Mexico, specifically the riverine G. panuco, the spring endemics G. alvarezi and G. hurtadoi, and a fourth species, G. marshi, found in a variety of habitats with varying predation pressure in the Cuatro Ciénegas basin and Río Salado de Nadadores. We employed a geometric morphometric analysis to examine how body shapes of both male and female fish differ among species and habitats and with piscivore presence. We found that high-predation and low-predation species diverged morphologically, with G. marshi exhibiting a variable, intermediate body shape. Within G. marshi, body morphology converged in high-predation environments regardless of flow velocity, and fish from high-predation sites had larger relative caudal peduncle areas. However, we found that G. marshi from low-predation environments diverged in morphology between sub-basins of Cuatro Ciénegas, indicating other differences among these basins that merit further study. Our results suggest that a morphological trade-off promotes parallel evolution of body shape in fishes colonizing high-predation environments and that changing predation pressure can strongly impact morphological evolution in these species.

opencc-zeroAug 2022View details →

Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow

Introgressive hybridization may erode phenotypic divergence along environmental gradients, collapsing locally adapted populations into a hybrid swarm. Alternatively, introgression may promote phenotypic divergence by providing variation on which natural selection can act. In freshwater fishes, water flow often selects for divergent morphological traits in lake versus stream habitats. We tested the effects of introgression on lake-stream morphological divergence in the minnow Owens Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor snyderi), which has been rendered endangered by introgression from the introduced Lahontan Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor obesa). Using geometric morphometric analysis of 457 individual Tui Chub from thirteen populations, we found that both the native and introgressing parent taxa exhibited divergent body and caudal fin shapes in lake vs. stream habitats, but their trajectories of divergence were distinct. In contrast, introgressed populations exhibited intermediate body and caudal fin shapes that were not differentiated by habitat type, indicating that introgression has eroded phenotypic divergence along the lentic-lotic gradient throughout the historic range of the Owens Tui Chub. Individuals within hybrid populations were less morphologically variable than those within parent populations, suggesting hybrid adaptation to selective agents other than water flow or loss of variance by drift.

publicAug 2022View details →

Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow

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publicDec 2017View details →

Data from: Predation drives morphological convergence in the Gambusia panuco species group among lotic and lentic habitats

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FIG. 10 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 10. Distribution of depth and velocity values over time within cascade (CAS), riffle (LGR), and pool (POO) geomorphic unit types at (A) Lone Rock Creek and (B) South Fork Tributary. Dashed and shaded box in lower left corner of each panel represents high suitability microhabitat for adults (includes subadults) of velocity,0.1 m s–1 and depth,0.3 m.

FIG. 8 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 8. Mean predicted probability of microhabitat use by tadpoles of R. sierrae for all study sites combined for all possible values from a given predictor variable from 1,000 bootstrapped logistic regression models. Shading and bars represent 95% credible intervals. Substrate categories are silt (Slt), sand (Snd), fine gravel (FGrav), coarse gravel (CGrav), cobble (Cob), boulder (Bld), and bedrock (Bed).

FIG. 6 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 6. Mean predicted probability of microhabitat use by adult R. sierrae (includes subadults) for all study sites combined for all possible values from a given predictor variable from the 1,000 bootstrapped logistic regression models. Shading and bars represent 95% credible intervals. Substrate categories are silt (Slt), sand (Snd), fine gravel (FGrav), coarse gravel (CGrav), cobble (Cob), boulder (Bld), and bedrock (Bed).

FIG. 4 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 4. Distribution of use and available microhabitat points within each substrate category for locations of (A) adult (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae at each study site. To better visualize the number of points within each substrate category, violin boxplots were overlaid onto jittered points for each substrate category. The overlay shows a mirrored kernel density estimation for all substrate size categories to illustrate the distribution of the data. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

FIG. 3 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 3. Hydraulic variables measured for locations and available microhabitat points of (A) adult and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae in five study sites in the Sierra Nevada. Figures show the relationship between total depth and mid-column velocity at both use and available locations for (A) adults (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles at each study site. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

FIG. 2 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 2. Hydrographs of stream stage (depth) at three of five study sites in the northern Sierra Nevada over the course of the study. (A) South Fork Rock Creek (SFRC) and (B) Lone Rock Creek (LRC) hydrographs show a strong seasonal signal of winter storm events and spring snowmelt recession into low flow in summer, while (C) Independence Creek (IND) shows modified flow releases in spring and augmented flow releases in late summer from the upstream reservoir. Data were collected with pressure transducers placed in pools that remained wet over the summer.

FIG. 5 in A Lentic Breeder in Lotic Waters: Sierra Nevada Yellow-Legged Frog (Rana sierrae) Habitat Suitability in Northern Sierra Nevada Streams

FIG. 5. Distribution of use and available points within each total cover decile for locations and available microhabitat points of (A) adult (includes subadults) and (B) tadpoles of R. sierrae at each study site. To better visualize the number of points within each decile, points are jittered. Overlay shows a mirrored kernel density estimate for total cover deciles to illustrate the distribution of the data. IND ¼ Independence Creek, LRC ¼ Lone Rock Creek, SFRC ¼ South Fork Rock Creek, SFT ¼ South Fork Tributary, SFTT ¼ South Fork Tadpole Tributary.

Figure 6 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 6. Seasonal variations in dominant insect species abundance at four wetlands with different hydroperiods (given between brackets in each figure). In addition, for each wetland, average monthly water temperature recorded between 11.00 and 16.00 h is plotted (grey triangles).

Figure 5 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 5. Phenology of predatory insects (black bar = adult stage; white bar = coleopteran larva; single-hatched bar = odonate nymph; double-hatched bar = hemipteran nymph), and climate data (precipitation = black circles; minimum temperatures = white triangles; maximum temperatures = black triangles) from June 2006 to March 2007.

Figure 4 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 4. Monthly variation in predatory insect richness in the wetlands studied, showing mean richness (± SE) for the wetlands classified according to their hydroperiod.

Figure 3 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 3. Comparison of the richness of predatory insects in three types of wetlands, classified according to the duration of the hydroperiod. Different letters indicate significant differences in species richness (P <0.01).

Figure 2 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 2. Predatory insect distribution in the study area. Distribution index was obtained by the ratio: number of wetlands with species i/total number of wetlands sampled.

Figure 1 in Predatory insects in lentic freshwater habitats from northwest Patagonia: richness and phenology

Figure 1. Map of the study area surrounding the city of San Carlos de Bariloche. Numbers refer to wetland location: 1 = Llao-Llao; 2 = Laguna El Trébol; 3 = Mallín 2 de Agosto; 4 = Laguna Fantasma; 5 = Virgen de las Nieves; 6 = Mallín Pinar de Festa; 7 = Teleférico; 8 = Mallín Ñireco, Ñireco 1 and Ñireco 2; 9 = Laguna Verde; 10 = Mallín Los Patos; 11 = Bernal 1–6; 12 = Ñirihuau 1–4. The triangle indicates the location of the meteorological station.