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91 results for “light environment”
Light Environment in Hemlock Removal Experiment at Harvard Forest since 2003
The impending loss of hemlock trees due to hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) infestation is expected to lead to changes in the light environment of the forest understory. These changes will both drive succession and will themselves be altered by successional processes. The light reaching the forest floor is measured using hemispherical canopy photographs. Photographs were taken in summer of 2003 and in December 2004 and May 2005 (both deciduous-tree leaf-off condition), prior to the application of the logging and girdling treatments, and then in September 2005 (deciduous tree leaf-on condition) after logging and girdling. Subsequent photographic series will be taken annually in spring (leaf-off) and summer/fall (leaf-on).
A Danish high-resolution dataset for six office rooms with occupancy, indoor environment , heating, ventilation, lighting and room control monitoring
<p>A dataset containing measurement data for six office rooms in Aalborg Denmark.<br>All the measurements have been resampled to 5 minute resolution<br>The measurements consists of:</p> <ul> <li>BMS data for the rooms</li> <li>Occupancy for the rooms (from cameras)</li> <li>BMS data for the AHU supplying the rooms</li> <li>BMS data for the Heating system supplying the rooms</li> </ul> <p>Changes from v2<br>It was found that the pressure difference measurements across the exhaust fan was faulty and the following variables have therefore been removed:</p> <ul> <li>Ventilation:Fan__air_flow__exhaust</li> <li>Ventilation:Fan__pressure_difference__exhaust</li> </ul> <p>More data has been added, now increasing the dataset to span the rest of 2023. To better handle the changes between standard time and daylight-saving time the column named "timestamp" has been adjusted so the datetime format now follows the ISO 8601 format YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss+hhmm. the +hhmm changes between 0100 (Danish standard time) and 0200 (Danish daylight-saving time).</p> <p> </p>
Germination in three R/FR light environments (El Verde)
Experiments were conducted in the Tabonuco forest at Luquillo Experimental Forest to determine the germination success of a number of species in different light environments. Species tested included: Byrsonima spicata, Calophyllum brasiliense, Carapa sp., Choven venosa, Guarea guidonia, Manilkara bidentata, Ochroma pyramidale and an unidentified species known locally as Jobo. Seeds were collected as they fell and placed on moist towling in horticulture trays at four sites. Seeds were kept moist and germination was recorded daily for 81 days and three times weekly for an additional 75 days. Light environments included a site exposed to full sun (FS) and sites with 55%, 75% and 80% cover. Instantaneous light measurements were made with a Licor 1800 spectroradiometer to determine the Red (660 nm) to Far-red (730 nm) ratio (R/FR) (Lee, 1987). Analysis of light data indicated that the four sites chosen provided three significantly different R/FR ratio environments, and that germination of some species was affected by the light environment (Smith, H. & Whitelam, G.C. 1990). Three species failed to germinate in any of the four light environments. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundation to the University of Puerto Rico as part of the Luquillo Long-Term Ecological Research Program. Additional support provided by the University of Puerto Rico and the International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service.
Data from "Robust sensory traits across light habitats: Visual signals but not receptors vary in centrarchids inhabiting distinct photic environments"
<p>Visual communication in fish is often shaped by the light environment they inhabit, influencing both sensory (e.g., eye size, opsin gene expression), and signaling traits (e.g., body reflectance). This study explores the phenotypic variation in the visual communication traits of six species of centrarchids (Centrarchidae) inhabiting two contrasting light environments. We measured morphological, molecular, and signaling traits to determine their responses to photic conditions. Our findings reveal significant interspecific variation in sensory traits but no consistent phenotypic variation between light environments. Centrarchids showed robust visual systems with red-green dichromatic vision, which was largely unaffected by the different light habitats. We also found significant molecular evolution in the visual opsin genes, although these changes were not associated with environmental conditions. However, body reflectance displayed species-specific responses to environmental conditions, suggesting that signaling traits may be more flexible than sensory traits. Overall, our results challenge the generality of the current paradigm in visual ecology, which portrays visual systems in fish as highly tunable owing to photic conditions. Our study highlights the potential evolutionary or developmental constraints on centrarchid visual systems and their implications for adaptability to various habitats and novel environmental threats.</p> <p>This dataset includes underwater light measurements, retinal transcriptomics, eye morphology, and spectral reflectance data to assess the effects of environment and species identity on eye size, opsin gene expression, chromophore usage, and body reflectance of centrarchids. Furthermore, we test for signatures of molecular evolution on the amino acid sequence of visual opsin genes across species and populations. By combining data on the visual ecology of different species from two distinct light environments, we ask i) do the visual traits of centrarchids vary across photic environments? and ii) are phenotypic responses to light conditions shared among species or are they species-specific? Overall, we found robust visual systems across species (no environmental effect) but variable body reflectance across species and environments (genotype-by-environment interaction, G × E). This suggests that divergent species-specific responses in signaling might help offset the lack of fine-tuning in the visual system of centrarchids. </p> <p>For more information see ReadMe file.</p>
Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task
<p>Red sensitivity is the exception rather than the norm in most animal groups. Among species with a long wavelength sensitive (LWS) photoreceptor, peak wavelength sensitivity (λ<sub>max</sub>) varies substantially and it is unclear whether this variation can be explained by visual tuning to the light environment or to visual tasks such as signalling or foraging. Here, we examine long wavelength sensitivity across a broad range of taxa showing diversity in LWS photoreceptor λ<sub>max</sub>: insects, crustaceans, arachnids, amphibians, reptiles, fish, sharks and rays. We identified 161 species with a LWS photoreceptor (λ<sub>max</sub> ≥ 550 nm). We found evidence supporting visual tuning to the light environment: terrestrial species had longer λ<sub>max</sub> than aquatic species, and of these, species from turbid shallow waters had longer λmax than those from clear or deep waters. Of the terrestrial species, diurnal species had longer λ<sub>max</sub> than nocturnal species, but we did not detect any differences across terrestrial habitats (closed, intermediate or open). We found no association with proxies for visual tasks such as having red morphological features or utilising flowers or coral reefs. These results support the emerging consensus that, in general, visual systems are adapted to broad range of tasks, rather than tuned to certain tasks.</p>
Fig. 2 in LED grow lights alter sorghum growth and sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) plant interactions in a controlled environment
Fig. 2. Growth characteristics of grain sorghum grown under conventional lighting (A) from within an environmental chamber, fitted with a W2238 LED grow panel (B and C, see Fig. 1 for light spectrum measured), and for sorghum cv MORHC 858, DKS 37-07, TX 2783, and WSH117 afer 21 d in a growth chamber fitted with a W2238 LED grow panel.
Fig. 3 in LED grow lights alter sorghum growth and sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) plant interactions in a controlled environment
Fig. 3. Number of true leaves on 4 different sorghum entries grown under conventional and LED light sources.
Fig. 4 in LED grow lights alter sorghum growth and sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) plant interactions in a controlled environment
Fig. 4. Plant height (cm) for 2 different sorghum entries grown under conventional and LED light sources.
Fig. 1 in LED grow lights alter sorghum growth and sugarcane aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) plant interactions in a controlled environment
Fig. 1. Light emission spectrum of the W2238 LED grow panel over the visible spectrum and into the near infrared. The inset spectrum is zoomed vertically to show details of any weaker emissions.
Dataset: Modelling surface color discrimination under different lighting environments using image chromatic statistics and convolutional neural networks
<p><strong>Associated publication</strong></p> <p>[1] Samuel Ponting*, <strong>Takuma Morimoto</strong>*, Hannah E. Smithson, “Modelling surface color discrimination under different lighting environments using image chromatic statistics and convolutional neural networks”, *equal contribution, bioRxiv, <a href="https://www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1101%2F2022.11.02.514864&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AOvVaw3KwSo7KmqPzBR1UMc1MHmk">https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.11.02.514864</a></p> <p>[2] Takuma Morimoto, and Hannah E. Smithson, “Discrimination of spectral reflectance under complex environmental illumination,” Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 35, 4, B244-B255 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.35.00B244</p> <p> </p> <p>Datasets contain 2 folders and 1 mat file.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>(Folder 1) Stimuli</strong></p> <p><strong>(Folder 2) Psychophysics_data</strong></p> <p><strong>(Mat file) stimulusMagnitudeToMacLeodBoynton.mat</strong></p> <p> </p> <p>Details are described below.</p> <p> </p> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>(Folder 1) Stimuli</strong></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Overview of datasets</strong></p> <p>This Image dataset includes 57,600 images (2 gloss levels * 3 environments * 100 stimulus magnitudes * 8 hue directions * 12 camera angles from 0 to 330 degree in 30 degree step) in .mat format.</p> <p> </p> <p>The half of images were used in psychophysical experiment (camera angles: 0, 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 degrees).</p> <p>Other half images were used for testing chromatic statistics models and CNN-based models [1] (camera angles: 30, 90, 150, 210, 270, 330 degrees).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Each image file</strong></p> <p>Filename denotes a condition name and the camera angle as formatted in a following way.</p> <p> </p> <p>stim_”environment” _”glossiness”_”hueAngle”_”magnitude”_”cameraAngle”.mat</p> <p>e.g. “stim_en1_glossy_hue45_n45_cameraAngle90.mat”</p> <p> </p> <p>Stimulus magnitude 100 is a maximum saturation, and 1 corresponds to equal energy white (which was used as a distractor object).</p> <p> </p> <p>Each image file contains two valuables : MacLeodBoynton, XYZ</p> <p> </p> <p>Each variable contains an image of 128*128*3 pixels (height*width*channel).</p> <p> </p> <p>MacLeod-Boynton: MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity image (1st channel: L/(L+M), 2nd channel: S/(L+M), and 3rd channel L+M)</p> <p>XYZ: XYZ coordinates calculated based on 2-degree CIE 1931 xyz color matching function (1st channel: X, 2nd channel: Y, and 3rd channel Z)</p> <p> </p> <p>Luminance and L+M are both relative (normalised by the maximum luminance across all 57,600 images).</p> <p> </p> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>(Folder 2) Psychophysics_data</strong></p> <p>Filename denotes the condition and observers formatted in a following way.</p> <p> </p> <p>data_”environment” _”specularities”_”sessionNumber”_”obsever”.mat</p> <p>e.g. data_en2_matte_session4_JH.mat or .csv</p> <p> </p> <p>Each file includes following variables:</p> <p> </p> <p>(Variable 1) threshold</p> <p>Thresholds are stored in MacLeod-Boynton (MB) chromaticity coordinates for all 8 hue directions (from 0 to 315 degree in 45 degree step).</p> <p> </p> <p>MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity coordinates were calculated in a following way. </p> <p>These scalings are in accordance with description in CVRL main site (Chromaticity coordinates tab ).</p> <p> </p> <p>First of all, L, M, and S cone signals were calculated based on Stockman & Sharpe cone fundamentals (energy in linear scale available at at http://www.cvrl.org).</p> <p>Each sensitivity curve was normalised to have 1.0 at the peak.</p> <p> </p> <p>Then, MB coordinates were calculated using equation (1-3).</p> <p> </p> <p>L/(L+M) = Lw*L/(Lw*L+Mw*M) - (1)</p> <p>S/(L+M) = Sw*S/(Lw*L+Mw*M) - (2)</p> <p>L+M = Lw*L+Mw*M - (3)</p> <p> </p> <p>where Lw = 0.689903; Mw = 0.348322;Sw = 1.93540.</p> <p> </p> <p>L, M and S denote L-cone, M-cone, S-cone excitations, respectively.</p> <p> </p> <p>Under this calculation, equal energy white becomes L/(L+M) = 0.7078 and S/(L+M) = 1.</p> <p> </p> <p>(Variable 2) staircase</p> <p> </p> <p>Since we ran 8 interleaved staircase (for 8 hue angles), information about 8 staircases are stored in this single variable.</p> <p>(staircase(1) corresponds to 0 degree, and staircase(8) corresponds to 315 degree)</p> <p> </p> <p>There are 5 fields:</p> <p>(i) groundtruth, (ii) response, (iii) correct, (iv) magnitude, (v) cameraAngle</p> <p> </p> <p>For each trial, the location of objects was defined in a following way.</p> <p>| 1 3 |</p> <p>| 2 4 |</p> <p> </p> <p>And each field stores following information for all trials in the staircase.</p> <p> </p> <p>(i) groundtruth</p> <p>Location of the target object</p> <p> </p> <p>(ii) response</p> <p>Location that the participant chose</p> <p> </p> <p>(iii) correct</p> <p>If the response was correct (1) or incorrect (0)</p> <p> </p> <p>(iv) magnitude</p> <p>Stimulus magnitude of target object in each trial from 1 to 100 (1 for equal energy white and 100 for maximum saturation).</p> <p> </p> <p>(v) Camera angle</p> <p>Camera angles assigned for four objects in each trial.</p> <p>This data and (i) groundtruth allow reconstruct of the exact image for each trial.</p> <p> </p> <p>----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>(Mat file) stimulusMagnitudeToMacLeodBoynton.mat</strong></p> <p>This file stores a variable ‘stimulusMagnitudeToMacLeodBoynton’ (8*100*2) which describes correspondence map between stimulus magnitude and MacLeod-Boynton chromaticity.</p> <p> </p> <p>1st channel: hue direction from 0 degree to 315 degree, 45 degree step</p> <p>2nd channel: magnitude from 1 to 100</p> <p>3rd channel: MacLeod-Boynton coordinate, 1 being L/(L+M) and 2 being S/(L+M)</p> <p> </p>
Red vision in animals is broadly associated with lighting environment but not types of visual task
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Rethinking Gloger's Rule: climate, light environments and color in a large family of tropical birds (Furnariidae)
Ecogeographic rules provide a framework within which to test evolutionary hypotheses of adaptation. Gloger's rule predicts endothermic animals should have darker colors in warm and rainy climates. This rule also predicts animals should be redder in warm and dry climates, the so-called "complex Gloger's rule." Empirical studies frequently demonstrate that animals are darker in cool and wet rather than warm and wet climates. Further, sensory ecology predicts that, to enhance crypsis, animals should be darker in darker light environments. We aimed to disentangle the effects of climate and light environments on plumage brightness and redness in the large Neotropical passerine family Furnariidae. Birds in cooler and rainier climates had darker plumage, even after controlling for habitat type. Birds in darker habitats had darker plumage, even after controlling for climate. The effects of temperature and brightness interact so that the negative effect of precipitation on brightness is strongest in cool temperatures. Finally, birds tended to be redder in warm and dry habitats but also, surprisingly, in cool and wet locales. We suggest Gloger's rule results from complementary selective pressures arising from myriad ecological factors, including crypsis, thermoregulation, parasite deterrence and resistance to feather abrasion.
Data for 'Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation in leaf traits of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae; Poaceae) in contrasting light environments'
<p>This is the Data for the article entitled 'Phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation in leaf traits of Yushania niitakayamensis (Bambusoideae; Poaceae) in contrasting light environments' submitted to 'Journal of Plant Research'</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01327-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01327-y</a></p> <p>Traits' names are listed below:</p> <p>Leaf length (LL), Leaf width (LW), Specific leaf area (SLA), Stomatal density (SD), Leaf thickness (LT), Relative frequency of cavities formed by the collapsed fusoid cells (CFC), Leaf chlorophyll content per unit area ([Chl]area), Ratio of chlorophyll a to chlorophyll b (Chl a/b), Leaf nitrogen content per unit area ([N]area), Leaf stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C), Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), Actual quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII), Electron transport rate (ETR), Light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Asat), Stomatal conductance (gs), Dark respiration rate (Rd), Apparent quantum yield (AQY), The ratio of intercellular to ambient CO2 concentration (Ci/Ca), Photosynthetic water use efficiency (WUE)</p>
Safety of Vulnerable Road Users (VRU's) in Light-Rail Transit (LRT) Environment
<p>Light-rail transit (LRT), which includes modern streetcars, trolleys, and heritage trolleys, is one of the fastest growing modes of public transportation in the United States. To reduce the cost and complexity of construction, most LRT systems have their tracks placed on city streets, in medians, or in separate at-grade rights-of-way with at-grade crossings. Operating light-rail vehicles (LRVs) along these alignments introduces new conflicts and increases the risk of collisions with vulnerable road users (VRUs) including pedestrians, bicyclists, and electric scooter riders.<br> This study has two main objectives: (1) to review and evaluate the existing body of knowledge and the state of practice regarding safety of VRUs in LRT environments; and (2) to synthesize this information and package the results in a “Best Practices Resource Guide” and a companion “PowerPoint Presentation” for use in improving the safety of VRUs in existing LRT systems and advancing the professional capacity of transit workforce. Metropolitan Planning Organizations and State DOTs should also benefit from this resource information in the planning and design of new LRT systems.<br> This report presents a wide range of physical, educational, and enforcement treatments for improving the safety of VRUs in LRT environments. The selection of a particular treatment for use at an LRT grade crossing or station should be based on an engineering study whose scope and complexity depend on local conditions. Factors that should be considered during device selection include 1) pedestrian‐LRV collision experience, 2) pedestrian volumes and peak flow rates, 3) train speeds, frequency of trains, number of tracks, and railroad traffic patterns, 4) sight distances available to pedestrians and LRV operators approaching the crossing, and 5) skew angle, if any, of the crossing relative to the LRT tracks.</p>
Light environment interacts with visual displays in a species-specific manner in multimodal signaling wolf spiders
<p>Light availability is highly variable, yet predictable, over various timescales and the light environment is expected to play an important role in the evolution of visual signals. Courtship displays within the wolf spider genus Schizocosa always involve the use of substrate borne vibrations, however, there is substantial variation between species in the use of visual displays. We assessed the impact of light intensity on the courtship of four species of Schizocosa that vary in their use of visual signals during courtship. To examine the effects of the light environment on mating success and courtship effort in each species, we ran behavioral trials at three light intensities (bright, dim and dark). We also examined each species' circadian activity patterns. We found multiple effects of the light environment and these varied between species. Circadian activity patterns also differed between species and sexes. Our results suggest that dim-light might favor more conspicuous visual displays, while less conspicuous displays might be favored in bright light conditions. Additionally, we found evidence for light-dependent changes in selection on male traits, illustrating that short-term changes in light intensity have the potential for strong effects on the dynamics of sexual selection.</p>
Active and low-cost hyperspectral imaging for spectral analysis in low lighting environment
<p>Hyperspectral imaging can capture information beyond conventional RGB cameras; thus, it has many applications, such as material identification and spectral analysis. However, like many camera systems, most of the existing hyperspectral cameras are still passive imaging systems: they require external light sources to illuminate the objects to capture the spectral intensity. As a result, the collected images highly depend on the environment lighting, and the imaging system cannot function in a dark or low-lighting environment. This work develops a prototype system for active hyperspectral imaging, which actively emits different single-wavelength lights at different frequencies when imaging. This concept has several advantages: first, using the controlled lighting, the magnitude of the individual bands is normalized to extract reflectance information; second, the system is capable of collecting information at the desired spectral range by tailoring the light sources; third, an active system is mechanically easier to make, since it does not require complex band filters as used in passive systems; last, such a system may work under low light or dark environments, which greatly facilitate underground/subsurface sensing applications such as borehole based mining exploration. This prototype is achieved by using an array of low-cost and single-wavelength LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights, a remote control module controlling the LED illuminator, and the shutter of a full spectrum camera. We demonstrate that such design is feasible and could yield informative hyperspectral images for spectral analysis and machine learning-based object identification in low light or dark environments, having great potential to benefit both the academic and industry such as in geochemistry, earth science, subsurface energy, and mining.</p>
Increased eye size is favoured in Trinidadian killifish experimentally transplanted into low light, high competition environments
<p>Intraspecific <span>variation in vertebrate eye size is well known. Ecological factors such as light availability are often correlated with shifts in relative eye size. However, experimental tests of selection on eye size are lacking. Trinidadian killifish (<em>Anablepsoides hartii</em>) are found in sites that differ in predation intensity. Sites that lack predators are characterized by lower light, high killifish densities, low resource availability, and intense competition for food. We previously found that killifish in sites that lack predators have evolved a larger relative eye size than fish from sites with predators. Here we used transplant experiments to test how selection operates on eye size when fish that are adapted to sites with predators are translocated into sites where predators are absent. We observed a significant 'population x relative eye size' interaction; the relationship between relative eye size and a proxy for fitness (rates of individual growth) was positive in the transplanted fish. The trend was opposite for resident fish. Such results provide experimental support that larger eyes enhance fitness and are favoured in environments characterized by low light and high competition.</span></p>
Ecosystem engineers alter the evolution of seed size by impacting fertility and the understory light environment
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Light environment interacts with visual displays in a species-specific manner in multimodal signaling wolf spiders
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Rethinking Gloger’s Rule: climate, light environments and color in a large family of tropical birds (Furnariidae)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.