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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2009View details →

Fig.1. Funnel trap for gathering living RESULTS AND DISCUSSION D.latissimus a in Conceptual Application Of Dytiscus Latissimus Linnaeus, 1758 (Dytiscidae, Coleoptera) Gathering Methods In Natural Habitat

Fig.1. Funnel trap for gathering living RESULTS AND DISCUSSION D.latissimus a result of the individual (from Jan G.M. Cuppen and other): As many years application of the material gathering methods was 1 – float; 2- rubber; 3 – aeration net; a possibility to catch on regular and predictable 4 – entrance Ø 30 mm. basis a required number of animals for our laboratory research. itself. This can be identified from locating specific cuts on it. (Vahrusevs 2009) The key to a successful egg collection is a search of the plants used by beetles during their Below is an example from field notes of catching reproduction period, as well as the correct beetles during the autumn season: locating of clutches. Such plants in our reservoir "The research on the reservoir was done during under study are Carex acuta, Carex rostrata, 11.10.2009 - 28.10.2009. Caltha palustris. One has to identify suitable plants in the locations of beetles' clutches The weather conditions were favourable. It was (usually located on the sunny side along the quite warm and windless all this time in order to coast of a water reservoir). The person gathering work comfortably. Water temperature was +7-8 ŗ the material has to grasp with fingers the C. We worked as usual on the proven location. underwater part of the identified plant stem Coordinates in Google Earth (latitude 55 ° 52'33 reaching almost to its base, and slowly palpate it.95 "C; longitude 26 ° 35'18.78" H). by letting it through the fingers in the upwards direction. The upwards direction is imperative, We prepared the traps in advance (they had to as stems of many sedge plants have microscopic be repaired and mended, and modernized a little. thorns which are rooting upwards. If this method (Fig.2.). is not followed, an injury of a palm can occur. A stem of the plant which has protruding bumps We took along 21 trap to the water reservoir. The on it guarantees the presence of a clutch. A stem bait was pieces of beef heart. The traps were in its normal condition is usually smooth and placed along the coastline. The first "throw" was often flat. Such plants as Caltha palustris which kept in the water for almost a week with regular have fleshy stem are to be studied in addition check ups made every day or every second day. visually as eggs can be located inside the stem Traps were installed partly dipped under water.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in A new live trap for the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Fig. 2. Details of trap construction showing a) the trap box and b) the speaker box. To reveal internal components, the front-facing, side plywood panels of the trap and speaker boxes are not illustrated. Also, for clarity, only 3 of the 5 wire screen cones of the trap box are illustrated.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2016View details →

Fig. 1 in A new live trap for the acoustically orienting parasitoid fly Emblemasoma erro (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Fig. 1. The complete live trap deployed in the field. Captured flies are visible in the holding jar assembly at the top of the trap box.

Fig. 6 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 6. Stacked frequency distributions of captured Elenchus koebelei males. The white area under the outline illustrates the number of days with a given catch at Wakulla Beach, the gray area depicts that for all years at Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve (GTM), and the hashed gray area represents the portion of the catch at GTM without 2014. Lastly, the broad outline represents the combined catch frequencies from both sites for all 3 years, 2013–2015. More than half the days with no catches occurred in 2014, when sampling began in mid-Oct.

Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 5. Live Elenchus koebelei males caught over a 3-year period plotted against minutes relative to sunrise. Most eclosed males were caught between 30 min before sunrise and sunrise itself. None were caught more than 63 min before or 36 min afer sunrise. Though wind-induced fluctuations occurred at Wakulla Beach, the range of capture times at both sites were similar, and peak catch times appear strongly influenced by morning civil twilight. Of the 521 adult male E. koebelei caught over the course of the study, only the 391 captured alive at known times are included in the graph.

Fig. 3 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 3. Collection sites: The north branch of the Guana Tolomato Matanzas National Estuarine Research Reserve in Saint John's County, near Florida's Atlantic Coast, and Wakulla Beach, on the Gulf Coast in Wakulla County. [Produced with assistance from Eco-Regions of Florida. Level IV Ecoregions graphic developed by the Watershed Monitoring Section, Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration, Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida. Sourced from Griffith et al. (2001). Adapted with permission.]

Fig. 8 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 8. Daily Strepsiptera catch versus temperature and wind speed. Ninetythree percent of the Elenchus koebelei were caught at temperatures between 21.7 to 25.6 °C (71–78 °F) inclusive. Strepsiptera catch suffered markedly when it was too cold. Similarly, most E. koebelei were captured when the wind was blowing slightly, perhaps owing to the role pheromones play. The ×'s indicate conditions in which no Strepsiptera were caught but sampling was attempted. Graphed wind speeds were measured at area weather stations rather than locally.

Fig. 2. The light trap. A in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 2. The light trap. A. Schematic of the PVC skeleton. Electronics were placed in the bucket, which could be suspended from the trap at high tide. B. PVC parts. Some parts were cemented together for strength and ease of construction. C. Trap with sheet and lights in place. In taller grass, longer trap legs can be used to help provide a crease into which attracted Strepsiptera can fly, walk, or fall. This reduces specimen loss through desiccation or drop-off into grass. In short grass it may be better to wet the trap base and use a long ultraviolet light. D. The base of the trap when used with the long light.

Fig. 4 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 4. Successful sampling days, grouped by year and ordered by start time. The figure displays the delay between the beginning of sampling and the first live capture, the time between live captures, and the time afer the last live capture until disbanding of daily sampling. Seven captures were made during astronomical twilight, all of which occurred at Wakulla Beach: 5 on one morning, and 2 on another. There were no sampling days with live catches between 24 and 50 at either site.

Fig. 7 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 7. Influence of initial temperature on total catch. Black boxes indicate the fraction of total Strepsiptera captured at the given temperatures; adjacent hashed boxes represent the fraction of mornings at each temperature. The most productive days were those with dawn temperatures ranging from 22.8 to 25 °C (73–77 °F). Elenchus koebelei was not found to fly on mornings when the temperature was below 17.2 °C (63 °F). The ratio of E. koebelei caught to collection days drops off dramatically for temperatures above 25.5 °C (78 °F).

Fig. 1 in Light trap capture of live Elenchus koebelei (Strepsiptera: Elenchidae)

Fig. 1. Above: Image of an adult male Elenchus koebelei standing on an an- esthetic stage. Note its bifurcated antennae, black tapioca-like eyes, modified forewing that forms a haltere (only 1 of the pair is visible), silver sheen hindwings (iridescent in color images), and extensive thorax. Below: An E. koebelei positioned above a penny for size comparison. [When closing in on a calling female, E. koebelei fly upright with the abdomen tip turned under (Muir 1906).] Adjacent are 3 pictures of visibly stylopized planthoppers. Pupating male E. koebelei bulge from the sides of their hosts. The arrows indicate puparia.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2022View details →

Trapalyzer: A computer program for quantitative analyses in fluorescent live-imaging studies of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation.

This data set contains a set of fluorescent microscopy images of a co-culture of neutrophil cells and E. coli bacteria used to study the Neutrophil Extracellular Trap (NET) formation stimulated by bacteria.  NETs and live cells were visualized with a double fluorescent staining of DNA using Hoechst 33342 and SYTOX Green.  Reagents. Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium, HEPES, SYTOXTM Green, and Hoechst 33342 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, USA). LB broth was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Preparation of blood neutrophils. Neutrophils were obtained from peripheral blood of one healthy blood donor. Blood sample was purchased at Local Blood Donation Centre and according to local regulations, the blood donor enabled blood donation center to sell their blood samples for scientific purposes and the consent of bioethical committee was not required. Blood was collected into a citrate tube and processed within 2 hours from collection. Neutrophils were isolated using density gradient centrifugation followed by polyvinyl alcohol sedimentation, exactly as described in [1]. Isolated neutrophils were suspended in RPMI 1640 medium with 10 mM HEPES (RH).   Preparation of bacteria. Escherichia coli (American Type Culture Collection(ATCC) 25922 strain) were grown overnight in LB broth with shaking. In the morning, an aliquot of bacterial culture was taken, diluted 100 x in a fresh LB medium and grown for subsequent 2-3 hours. Subsequently, bacterial cultures were washed and resuspended in RH medium. Co-culture of neutrophils with bacteria Neutrophils were seeded into the wells of 48-well plates at the density of 2 ⨉ 104 cells/well and allowed to settle for 30 minutes at 37°C, 5% CO2. Subsequently, E. coli was added into the appropriate wells at the multiplicity of infection of 4 or 1 (E.coli: neutrophil). Neutrophils incubated without bacteria were used as a control group. A technical duplicate for each condition was prepared.   For each intended timepoint (t=0, 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes), a separate 48 well plate was prepared. The plates were centrifuged for 5 minutes at 250 g to allow the contact of bacteria with neutrophils. The plates were incubated at 37°C, 5\% CO2 for a specified time and then the samples were stained with SYTOXTM Green (100 nM) and Hoechst 33342 (1.25 μM) for 10 minutes. Four images of each well were taken with Leica DMi8 fluorescent microscope equipped with a 10× magnification objective (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). Overall, 120 images have been obtained.   2019_04_24--ecoli_neu_tiff_channel_merged.zip: Images in .tif format, each containing 5 channels: channel 1 for SYTOX Green fluorescent stain (green fluorescence), channel 2 for Hoechst 33342 fluorescent stain (blue fluorescence), and three channels for transmission light encoded in RGB values.    2019_04_24--ecoli_neu_tiff_raw_exported.zip: Images split by different light sources: transmission light (_ch00.tif), SYTOX Green fluorescence (_ch01.tif), Hoechst 33342 fluorescence (_ch02.tif).   [1] Bystrzycka W, Moskalik A, Sieczkowska S, Manda-Handzlik A, Demkow U, Ciepiela O. The effect of clindamycin and amoxicillin on neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release. Cent Eur J Immunol. 2016;41(1):1-5. doi:10.5114/ceji.2016.58811

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SGS-LTER Live arthropod pitfall trapping across a double catena on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1995-1998

openOpenJan 2020View details →

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SGS-LTER Long-Term Monitoring Project: Body weights of rodents captured during SGS-LTER live-trapping on the Central Plains Experimental Range, Nunn, Colorado, USA 1994 -2011, ARS Study Number 118

This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83452. Body size is a fundamental biological measurement that is known to be related to an organism's physiology, life-history and ecology. Estimates of body size are also widely used in comparative evolutionary and ecological studies, including food web and diet studies that require estimates of biomass. Beginning in 1994, small mammals are live-trapped twice each year on the three grassland and three shrubland trapping webs. Individuals are weighed (to nearest 0.5 g using a Pesola spring scale) when first captured during a given trapping session but not upon recapture during the same session. Weights are calculated by subtracting the weight of an empty capture (ziploc) bag from the weight of animal in the bag. Individuals are classified into age classes (adult, subadult, juvenile) in the field based on a combination of size and pelage characteristics. This dataset gives means, standard deviations, minimum and maximum values for body weight, in grams, of small mammals captured between September 1994 and September 2008. All sites and sampling periods were combined. Most individuals (~93%) were classified as new captures, although a few individuals that were captured multiple time

openOpenJan 2020View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Supplementary material 3 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811

Mean distances (± se) of trapped rats from the edge of the removal area during the four trapping sessions

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Supplementary material 4 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811

Distances (in meters) travelled between rats' home range centers in the CMR area and their recapture in the removal area for 27 individuals

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Determining the efficacy of camera traps, live capture traps, and detection dogs for locating cryptic small mammal species

Metal box (e.g., Elliott, Sherman) traps and remote cameras are two of the most commonly employed methods presently used to survey terrestrial mammals. However, their relative efficacy at accurately detecting cryptic small mammals has not been adequately assessed. The present study therefore compared the effectiveness of metal box (Elliott) traps and vertically oriented, close range, white flash camera traps in detecting small mammals occurring in the Scenic Rim of eastern Australia. We also conducted a preliminary survey to determine effectiveness of a conservation detection dog (CDD) for identifying presence of a threatened carnivorous marsupial, Antechinus arktos, in present-day and historical locations, using camera traps to corroborate detections. 200 Elliott traps and 20 white flash camera traps were set for four deployments per method, across a site where the target small mammals, including A. arktos, are known to occur. Camera traps produced higher detection probabilities than Elliott traps for all four species. Thus, vertically mounted white flash cameras were preferable for detecting the presence of cryptic small mammals in our survey. The CDD, which had been trained to detect A. arktos scat, indicated in total 31 times when deployed in the field survey area, with subsequent camera trap deployments specifically corroborating A. arktos presence at 100% (3) indication locations. Importantly, the dog indicated twice within Border Ranges National Park, where historical (1980s-1990s) specimen-based records indicate the species was present, but extensive Elliott and camera trapping over the last 5-10 years have resulted in zero A. arktos captures. Camera traps subsequently corroborated A. arktos presence at these sites. This demonstrates that detection dogs can be a highly effective means of locating threatened, cryptic species, especially when traditional methods are unable to detect low-density mammal populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

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Tiwi Island native mammal live-trapping 2019

This data was collected as part of the National Environmental Science Program's Threatened Species Recovery Hub (Project 1.1.12 - Mitigating cat impacts on the brush-tailed rabbit-rat). This dataset includes all live captures of native mammals recorded on the Tiwi Islands (Melville and Bathurst) in 2019. Live-trapping was conducted at four locations (Cape Fourcroy, Ranku, Pickertaramoor and Cache Point). At each of these sites, a grid of 300 live-traps (225 Sherman traps and 75 cage traps) were deployed in 30 rows of 10 traps (spaced 20 m apart) for four consecutive nights. This trapping was conducted on two separate occasions (June and October) in 2019. Individual animals were marked with ear tags and microchips permitting spatial-capture-recapture analyses.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

opennotspecifiedJun 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Living on a sticky trap: natural history and morphology of Bactrodes assassin bugs (Insecta: Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Bactrodinae)

Figure 2. Bactrodes femoratus in the field. (a) Female with egg batch, Colombia. (b) Female with ant prey; antennae in touch with egg batch, Colombia. (c) Female with egg batch, Trinidad and Tobago. (d) Egg batch with developing Bactrodes embryos, French Guiana. (e) Female with egg batch and hatching first instar immature, Peru. (f) Early instar with prey, French Guiana. (g) Pretarsus grasping plant trichome, Colombia. (h) Close up of pretarsus grasping plant trichome, Colombia. (i) Female on dorsal leaf surface of Clidemia cf. urceolata, Trinidad and Tobago. (j) Insect carrion trapped on sticky trichomes of Clidemia cf. urceolata.