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57 results for “locomotor activity”
Optomotor response (eye movment) and avoidance responses (locomotor activity) of crabs Neohelice granulata for LP-lesioned, control lesioned and control crabs
<p>When an animal rotates (whether it is an arthropod, a fish, a bird, or a human) a drift of the visual panorama occurs over its retina, termed optic flow. The image motion is stabilized by compensatory behaviors (driven by the movement of the eyes, head or the whole body depending on the animal) collectively termed optomotor response (OR). Dipteran lobula plate has been consistently linked with optic flow processing and the control of optomotor responses. Crabs have a neuropil similarly located and interconnected in the optic lobes, therefore referred to as a lobula plate also. Here we show that the crab's lobula plate is required for normal optomotor response since the response was lost or severely impaired in animals whose lobula plate had been lesioned. The effect was behavior-specific, since avoidance responses to approaching visual stimuli were not affected. Crabs require simpler optic flow processing than flies (because they move slower and in 2D instead of 3D), consequently their lobula plates are relatively smaller. Nonetheless, they perform the same essential role in the visual control of behavior. Our findings add a fundamental piece to the current debate on the evolutionary relationship between the lobula plates of insects and crustaceans.</p>
FIGURE 3 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 3 | Contextual modulation of locomotor activity of Garcialebias reicherti. Total daily locomotor activity for isolated (n = 10) and paired fish (n = 10). Each dot represents the mean number of events for each fish. *shows statistical significance (see p value in the main text). Box height from upper to lower quartile, whiskers represent standard deviation, median shown by horizontal line.
FIGURE 2 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 2 | Daily rhythm of locomotor activity in paired fish of Garcialebias reicherti recorded during four days in LD. A. Representative time series (actograms) and cosinor fit diagrams for two female (orange) and a male (green) dyads. Amount of locomotor activity (number of events) is normalized for visualization purposes. Gray areas in the actogram represent the dark phase of each 24 h period. The cosinor representation for each individual of the dyad is shown next to the actogram. Black outlines represent the duration of the night. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit. Radial lines show the extreme values of the acrophases calculated for each of six days. B. Rayleigh test for all paired individuals (5 males and 5 females) analyzed collectively. Triangles signal individual male acrophases, diamonds signal individual female acrophases. Members of each dyad are presented in the same color. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit and length of the black radial line marks the p value (external circumference is p = 0, see main text for p value). The black outline represents the duration of the night.
FIGURE 4 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 4 | Number and allocation of reproductive events at different hours in Garcialebias reicherti. Bars show the occurrence of events at different timepoints for each dyad (see references). Concentric circumferences show the number of events at that hour throughout the 4-day period. Black outline signals the duration of the night.
FIGURE 1 in Daily rhythm of locomotor and reproductive activity in the annual fish Garcialebias reicherti (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae)
FIGURE 1 | Daily rhythm of locomotor activity in isolated fish of Garcialebias reicherti recorded during eight days in LD. A. Representative actograms and cosinor fit diagrams for a female (orange) and a male (green) fish. Amount of locomotor activity (number of events) is normalized for visualization purposes. Gray areas in the actogram represent the dark phase of each 24 h period. The cosinor representation for each individual is shown below the actogram. Black outlines represent the duration of the night. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit. Radial lines show the extreme values of the acrophases calculated for each of six days. B. Rayleigh test for all isolated individuals (5 males and 5 females) analyzed collectively. Triangles signal individual acrophases. The internal circumference depicts the p = 0.05 confidence limit and length of the black radial line marks the p value (external circumference is p = 0, see main text for p value). The black outline represents the duration of the night.
Optomotor response (eye movment) and avoidance responses (locomotor activity) of crabs Neohelice granulata for LP-lesioned, control lesioned and control crabs
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Short neuropeptide F regulates the starvation mediated enhanced locomotor activity in Drosophila
<p class="normal"><span>The circadian clock regulates various behavioral, metabolic and physiological processes to occur at the most suitable time of the day. Internal energy stores and nutrient availability modulates the most apparent circadian clock mediated locmotor activity rhythm in <i>Drosophila</i>. </span>Although previous studies unraveled the role of circadian clock in metabolism and activity rest rhythm, the precise pathway through which the circadian neuropeptidergic signaling regulates internal energy storage and the starvation-mediated increase in activity resembling foraging remains largely unclear. This study was aimed to elucidate the role of circadian neuropeptide, short neuropeptide F (sNPF) in triglyceride metabolism, starvation resistance and starvation-mediated increased locomotor activity in <i>Drosophila</i>. The results showed that <i>snpf </i>transcripts exhibits significant rhythmicity in wild type flies under 12:12 hour light-dark cycles (LD) and constant darkness (DD) whereas <i>snpf</i> transcript level in <i>period</i> null flies did not exhibit any significant rhythmicity under LD. Knockdown of sNPF in circadian clock neurons reduced the triglyceride level, starvation resistance and increased the starvation-mediated hyperactivity response after 24 hour of starvation. Further studies showed that knock down of sNPF receptors (sNPFR) expressed in insulin producing cells (IPC) increased the starvation resistance and reduced starvation-induced hyperactivity response after 24 hour of starvation. Collectively, our results suggest that transcriptional oscillation of <i>snpf </i>mRNA is endogenously controlled by the circadian clock and elucidate the role of sNPF in modulating locomotor activity in accordance with the nutrient availability in <i>Drosophila</i>. </p>
Data from: Effects of the colour of photophase light on locomotor activity in a nocturnal and a diurnal South African rodent
Many physiological and behavioural responses to varying qualities of light, particularly during the night (scotophase) have been well documented in rodents. We used varying wavelengths of daytime (photophase) lighting to assess daily responses in locomotor activity in the nocturnal Namaqua rock mouse (Micaelamys namaquensis) and diurnal four-striped field mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio). Animals were exposed to three light-dark cycle regimes: a short-wavelength- (SWLC), a medium-wavelength- (MWLC) and a long-wavelength light-dark cycle (LWLC). Overall, daily locomotor activity of both species changed according to different wavelengths of light, the diurnal species displayed most activity under SWLC and the nocturnal species exhibited the highest levels of activity under LWLC. Both species showed an increase in diurnal activity and a decrease in nocturnal activity under LWLC. These results indicate an attenuated responsiveness to long wavelength light in the nocturnal species, but this does not appear to be true for the diurnal species. These results emphasize that the effect of light on the locomotor activity of animals depends on both the properties of the light and the temporal organization of activity of a species.
Data from: The Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) on locomotor activity across different environmental conditions
<p>In nature, organisms are exposed to variable and occasionally stressful environmental conditions. Responses to diurnal and seasonal fluctuations, such as temperature and food accessibility, involve adaptive behavioral and physiological changes. While much work has been done on understanding the genetic architecture and evolutionary potential of stress tolerance traits under constant thermal conditions, there has been less focus on the quantitative genetic background in variable environments. In this study, we use the <em>Drosophila</em> Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) to investigate locomotor activity, a key behavioral trait, under variable natural thermal conditions during the summer in a temperate environment. Male flies from 100 DGRP lines were exposed to natural thermal and light conditions in <em>Drosophila</em> activity monitors across three experimental days. We found that activity was highly temperature- and time-dependent and varied between lines both within and between days. Further, we observed variation in genetic and environmental variance components, with low to moderate estimates of the heritability for locomotor activity, consistently peaking in the afternoons. Moreover, we showed that the estimated genetic correlations of locomotor activity between two time points decreased as the absolute differences in ambient temperature was increased. In conclusion, we find that the genetic background for locomotor activity is environment specific and we conclude that more variable and unpredictable future temperatures will likely have a strong impact on the evolutionary trajectories of behavioral traits in ectotherms.</p>
A phosphate transporter in VIPergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus gates locomotor activity during the light/dark transition in mice
<p>Raw Data for <strong>An atypical phosphoswitch in specific neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus gates locomotor activity at the light/dark transition in mice</strong></p> <ol> <li>Multi-electrode array data from PiT2<sup>+/+</sup> and PiT2<sup>-/-</sup> mice</li> <li>Locomotor activity from PiT2<sup>+/+ </sup>and PiT2<sup>-/-</sup> mice in LD 12:12, DD, LD 4:20, LD 20:4 and DD with light pulses</li> <li>Phosphoproteome data</li> </ol>
Data for: The Neonicotinoid Imidacloprid Impairs Sucrose Solution Consumption, Learning and Locomotor Activity Levels In Bumblebees (Bombus Terrestris)
<p># README</p> <p>The following files are for creating the figures from the paper: </p> <p>## `plot_flowervisits_nectar.ipynb`</p> <p>Jupyter notebook that creates the figures concerning flower visits, nectar consumption and the proportion of empty honeypots.</p> <p>## `plot_activity.py`</p> <p>Python script that takes trajectory fragments from video analysis and computes the locomotor activity level through making histograms of bumblebee speeds. Makes two figures that are equivalent to the figure on locomotor activity in the paper.</p> <p>## `statistical analysis.py`</p> <p>R markdown notebook that performs all the hypothesis testing for the paper.</p> <p>## Data</p> <p>These files contain the data, and are located in the folder called `data`. </p> <p>`activity/activityproportions.csv` contains the computed locomotor activity level for easy plotting.</p> <p>`boldata/boldata.csv` contains data about the nectar bag weight before and after experiment and the counted number of empty and full honeypots. Used by `plot_flowervisits_nectar.ipynb`</p> <p>`flower_data/flowerData.csv` contains the computed number of visits to blue and yellow flowers per hive for easy plotting.</p> <p>`humlevideo_production/*/traj*_trajectories*.csv` contains constructed trajectories from all experiments seen from both cameras. These are being used by the script `plot_activity`.</p> <p>`humlevideo_production/*/traj*.json` contains data about the occurence of bees on flowers in each frame in each experiment.</p> <p>`landinger_csv` contains data about landings, that have been extracted from the `humlevideo_production/*/traj*.json` files. Used by `plot_flowervisits_nectar.ipynb`.</p> <p> </p>
Data and supplementary information: Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees
<p>Data and supplementary files for publication:</p><p>Erdem, B., Arslan, O.C., Sevin, S. Gozen, A. G., Agosto-Rivera, J. L., Tugrul, G., & Alemdar, H. (2023). Effects of lithium on locomotor activity and circadian rhythm of honey bees. <i>Scientific Reports</i>, <i>13,</i> 19861. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-46777-7</p><p> </p><p>AcuteExp_Dark_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of acute experiment in dark condition.</p><p>AcuteExp_Light_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of acute experiment in light condition.</p><p>ChronicExp_ActivityData.xlsx - Total LMA counts of the chronic experiment.</p><p>ChronicExp_MortalityData.xlsx - Mortality data of the chronic experiment.</p><p>ChronicExp_PeriodRhytmData.xlsx - Defines rhythmic and arrhythmic individuals and the circadian periods (h) of the rhythmic individuals in chronic experiment.</p><p>LD_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the 12 h light / 12 h dark condition.</p><p>DD_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the constant dark condition.</p><p>LL_doubleplots.pdf - Double-plotted actograms of the individuals in the chronic experiment in the constant light condition.<br>In the double-plotted actograms, NR indicates "non-rhythmic" individuals.</p>
Data for: Weak sex-specific evolution of locomotor activity of Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae) thermal experimental evolution lines
<p><span>Elevated temperatures are expected to rise beyond what the physiology of many organisms can tolerate. Behavioural responses facilitating microhabitat shifts may mitigate some of this increased thermal selection on physiology, but behaviours are themselves mediated by physiology, and any behavioural response may trade-off against other fitness-related activities. </span><span>We investigated whether experimental evolution in different thermal regimes (Cold: 15°C; Hot: 31°C; Intergenerational fluctuation 15/31°C; Control: 23°C) resulted in genetic differentiation of standard locomotor activity in the dung fly <em>Sepsis</em> <em>punctum</em>. We assessed individual locomotor performance, an integral part of most behavioral repertoires, across eight warm temperatures from 24°C to 45°C using an automated device. We found no evidence for generalist-specialist trade-offs (i.e. changes in the breadth of the performance curve) for this trait. Instead, at the warmest assay temperatures, hot-selected flies showed somewhat higher maximal performance than all others, especially cold-selected flies, overall more so in males than females. Yet, the flies' temperature optimum was not higher than that of the cold-selected flies, as expected under the 'hotter-is-better' hypothesis. Maximal locomotor performance merely weakly increased with body size. These results suggest that thermal performance curves are unlikely to evolve as an entity according to theory and that locomotor activity is a trait of limited use in revealing thermal adaptation.</span></p>
Data from: Effects of food intake and hydration state on behavioral thermoregulation and locomotor activity in the tropidurid lizard Tropidurus catalanensis
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Data from: Effects of the colour of photophase light on locomotor activity in a nocturnal and a diurnal South African rodent
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Short neuropeptide F regulates the starvation mediated enhanced locomotor activity in Drosophila
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Data from: The Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) on locomotor activity across different environmental conditions
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Data for: Weak sex-specific evolution of locomotor activity of Sepsis punctum (Diptera: Sepsidae) thermal experimental evolution lines
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Evening locomotor activity during stopover differs on pre-departure and departure days in free-living songbirds
The length of time songbirds remain at a migratory stopover site is likely regulated by a daily stay/go decision informed by fat stores and weather conditions, but the finer-scale timing of this decision and associated pre-departure behaviours are still poorly understood. Using automated radiotelemetry of free-living songbirds captured at a migratory stopover site in spring, we tested whether individuals change their locomotor activity near sunset on their migratory departure day compared to their non-departure days. To do so, we extracted precise transition times between diurnal activity and nocturnal inactivity, which always precedes departure, using changepoint analysis of radio transmission signal strength. Among four warbler species, individuals extended diurnal activity by 8-19 minutes towards sunset on their departure day. In three species, this extension was significant. In contrast, white-throated sparrows significantly shortened diurnal activity on their departure day by 13 min, also towards sunset. This is the first study to detect and quantify a change in locomotor activity schedule on departure versus non-departure days in free-living songbirds, and is consistent with the hypothesis that birds engage in pre-departure preparatory behaviours near sunset.
Drosophila carboxypeptidase D (SILVER) is a key enzyme in neuropeptide processing required to maintain locomotor activity levels and survival rate
<p>Neuropeptides are processed from larger preproproteins by a dedicated set of enzymes. The molecular and biochemical mechanisms underlying preproprotein processing and the functional importance of processing enzymes are well‐characterised in mammals, but little studied outside this group. In contrast to mammals, Drosophila melanogaster lacks a gene for carboxypeptidase E (CPE), a key enzyme for mammalian peptide processing. By combining peptidomics and neurogenetics, we addressed the role of carboxypeptidase D (dCPD) in global neuropeptide processing and selected peptide‐regulated behaviours in Drosophila. We found that a deficiency in dCPD results in C‐terminally extended peptides across the peptidome, suggesting that dCPD took over CPE function in the fruit fly. dCPD is widely expressed throughout the nervous system, including peptidergic neurons in the mushroom body and neuroendocrine cells expressing adipokinetic hormone. Conditional hypomorphic mutation in the dCPD‐encoding gene silver in the larva causes lethality, and leads to deficits in starvation‐induced hyperactivity and appetitive gustatory preference, as well as to reduced viability and activity levels in adults. A phylogenomic analysis suggests that loss of CPE is not common to insects, but only occurred in Hymenoptera and Diptera. Our results show that dCPD is a key enzyme for neuropeptide processing and peptide‐regulated behaviour in Drosophila. dCPD thus appears as a suitable target to genetically shut down total neuropeptide production in peptidergic neurons. The persistent occurrence of CPD in insect genomes may point to important further CPD functions beyond neuropeptide processing which cannot be fulfilled by CPE.</p>
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