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235 results for “long tail”
Logic-Induced-Long-Tail (LINT)
<p>Logic-Induced-Long-Tail (LINT) dataset for arxiv paper "IN SEARCH OF THE LONG-TAIL: SYSTEMATIC GENERATION OF LONG-TAIL KNOWLEDGE VIA LOGICAL RULE GUIDED SEARCH."</p>
Counts of White-Tailed Deer Florivory: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequence
These data were collected in the e001 experiment within Field C to better characterize the impact of white-tailed deer on the plant community. These data represent counts of plant stems with an inflorescence present or those with evidence of herbivory that was interpreted as deer florivory.
Coordination of care by breeders and helpers in the cooperatively breeding long-tailed tit, Aegithalos caudatus
<p><span>In species with biparental and cooperative brood care, multiple carers cooperate by contributing costly investment to raise a shared brood. However, shared benefits and individual costs also give rise to conflict among carers over investment. Coordination of provisioning visits has been hypothesized to facilitate the resolution of this conflict, preventing exploitation, and ensuring collective investment in the shared brood. We used a 26-year study of long-tailed tits, <em>Aegithalos caudatus</em>, a facultative cooperative breeder, to investigate whether care by parents and helpers is coordinated, whether there are consistent differences in coordination between individuals and reproductive roles, and whether coordination varies with helper relatedness to breeders. Coordination takes the form of turn-taking (alternation) or feeding within a short time interval of another carer (synchrony), and both behaviors were observed to occur more than expected by chance, i.e. 'active' coordination. First, we found that active alternation decreased with group size while active synchrony occurred at all group sizes. Secondly, we show that alternation was repeatable between observations at the same nest, while synchrony was repeatable between observations of the same individual. Active synchrony varied with reproductive status, with helpers synchronizing visits more than breeders, although active alternation did not vary with reproductive status. Finally, we found no significant effect of relatedness on either alternation or synchrony exhibited by helpers. In conclusion, we demonstrate active coordination of provisioning by carers and conclude that coordination is a socially plastic behavior depending on reproductive status and the number of carers raising the brood.</span></p>
Fig. 1 in Morphometric Criteria For Distinguishing Species And Age-Cohorts Of Ermine (Mustela Erminea) And Long-Tailed Weasel (M. Frenata)
Fig. 1. Distribution of ermine (left) and long-tailed weasel (right) species in North America (adapted from FAGERSTONE 1987). Inset shows long-tailed weasel distribution in Mexico and Central America;
Fig. 2 in Bartonella, Blechomonas and Trypanosoma in fleas from the long-tailed ground squirrel (Spermophilus undulatus) in northwestern China
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of (A) Bartonella (gltA gene) and (B) Trypanosomatidae (18S rRNA gene) from the LTGR fleas (NJ; bootstrap replicates: 1000). The new sequences provided in the present study are indicated by a black circle (followed by the accession number).
Figure 4 in Analysis of sexual dimorphism in the Persian long-tailed desert lizard, Mesalina watsonana (Stoliczka, 1872; Sauria: Lacertidae)
Figure 4. Scatter plots of the head length (HL) against the snout-vent length (SVL) for the Zagros populations (A) Northeastern popUlations (B) Eastern popUlations (C) Male = (▲) and Female = (○). Regression lines are shown whenever the slopes are significantlY different from Zero.
Figure 3 in Analysis of sexual dimorphism in the Persian long-tailed desert lizard, Mesalina watsonana (Stoliczka, 1872; Sauria: Lacertidae)
Figure 3. Ordination of individUal male (▲) and female (○) specimens of the Zagros populations (A) Northeastern populations (B) Eastern popUlations (C) on the first two principal components.
Figure 2 in Analysis of sexual dimorphism in the Persian long-tailed desert lizard, Mesalina watsonana (Stoliczka, 1872; Sauria: Lacertidae)
Figure 2. The mean and standard error (bars) for significantlY different head siZe characters between males and females of Mesalina watsonana, revealed from the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Head length (A), head width (B), head height (C), and snout length (D).
Figure 1 in Analysis of sexual dimorphism in the Persian long-tailed desert lizard, Mesalina watsonana (Stoliczka, 1872; Sauria: Lacertidae)
Figure 1. Geographic distribution of 19 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) of Mesalina watsonana used in this study.
Linked collectors and determiners for: The taxonomic status of Long-tailed shrews (Mammalia: genus Sorex) from Nuclear Central America.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "The taxonomic status of Long-tailed shrews (Mammalia: genus Sorex) from Nuclear Central America". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/e605eaa7-c942-4658-a155-34c3e93f1e01">https://bionomia.net/dataset/e605eaa7-c942-4658-a155-34c3e93f1e01</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/e605eaa7-c942-4658-a155-34c3e93f1e01">https://gbif.org/dataset/e605eaa7-c942-4658-a155-34c3e93f1e01</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIB. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–E), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A, Male elytra membranous & harpvein only one; B, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; C, Lateral field of tegmina inmale blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins and the fourth incomplete; D, The hind femur with a feeble brownish band/stripe; E, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle. Trigonidium Rambur, 1839. (F–I), Trigonidium humbertianum (Saussure, 1878): F, Anterior tibiae with tympanum on both sides; G, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi large and triangular; H, Female ovipositor curved, compressed, acute at apex; I, Male sub-genital plate feebly notched at apex.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IIA. Paratrigonidium Brunner, 1893. (A–K), Paratrigonidium nitidum Brunner, 1893: A–B, Male and female black, shining;the male with membranous elytra, while female elytra corneous, convex with plain, longitudinal veins. Vertex flattened and sloping; C, Head wide and black; antenae yellow with first joint black; D, Pronotum black, pubescent; E, Palpi long, yellowish, fifth joint of maxillary palpi long, feebly widening at apex; F, Tympanum external; G, Male elytra membranous; H, The hind femurwith a feeble brownish band/stripe; I, Legs yellowish; J, Lateral field of tegmina in male blackish, presenting 3 parallel veins andthe fourth incomplete; K, The female ovipositor fulvous at base, darkened in the middle, cerci long.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular. in JHABAR MAL, RAJENDRA NAGAR & R. SWAMINATHAN (2014) Record of Natula matsuurai Sugimoto (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae) and other sword-tailed crickets from India. Zootaxa, 3760(3): 458-462.
PLATE IA. Natula Gorochov, 1987. (A–L), Natula matsuurai (Sugimoto, 2001): A, Male; B, Female; C, Face with a transverse dark strip near epistomal suture; D, Fifth joint of maxillary palpi hatchet shaped; E, Lateral field of tegmina deeper than lateral lobe of pronotum; F, Hind tibia with 3 pairs of dorsal spines on both sides but largest inner apical spurs as long as or half of basitarsus; G, Fore tibia with oval shaped outer and inner tympanum; H, Harp vein only one, Mirror area occupying half dorsal surface, not divided with a small concentric inner veinlet; I, Pronotum with roundly convex anterior margin; J, Female ovipositor strongly upcurved, half as long as hind femur, three fifth area from base widened and bumpy, with a dorsal groove, cerci as long as ovipositor; K, Male sub-genital plate longer than wide, hind margin narrowly truncated with a small projected median lobe, two styli present; L, Female sub-genital plate roundly triangular.
Fig. 2 in Variation In The Nucleolar Organiser Regions Of The Long-Tailed Giant Rats (Rodentia, Muridae, Genus Leopoldamys) In Malaysia
Fig. 2. Ag-NOR stained metaphase of male Leopoldamys sabanus: NORs located on two subacrocentric autosomes (sa1 and sa3), a large acrocentric (al), and a medium-sized acrocrocentri (am with NOR at the terminal end of the long arm). X-chromosome is the longest acrocentric and Y the smallest acrocentric in the complement.
Fig. 1 in Variation In The Nucleolar Organiser Regions Of The Long-Tailed Giant Rats (Rodentia, Muridae, Genus Leopoldamys) In Malaysia
Fig. 1. Metaphase of male Leopoldamys ciliatus with three pairs of NORs (sa1, sa3 and m) stained with silver nitrate. X-chromosome is the longest acrocentric and Y the smallest acrocentric in the complement.
Fig. 5 in Variation In The Nucleolar Organiser Regions Of The Long-Tailed Giant Rats (Rodentia, Muridae, Genus Leopoldamys) In Malaysia
Fig. 5. Ventral side of tail of Leopoldamys sabanus from Janda Baik, Pahang (top, bicoloured with pale venter) and L. ciliatus from Gunung Bunga Buah, Selangor (bottom, uniformly coloured).
Fig. 7 in Variation In The Nucleolar Organiser Regions Of The Long-Tailed Giant Rats (Rodentia, Muridae, Genus Leopoldamys) In Malaysia
Fig. 7. Ag-NOR metaphase of male Leopoldamys sabanus with one member each of three pairs (sa1, al. am) being expressed.
Fig. 6 in Variation In The Nucleolar Organiser Regions Of The Long-Tailed Giant Rats (Rodentia, Muridae, Genus Leopoldamys) In Malaysia
Fig. 6. Ag-NOR metaphase of male Leopoldamys ciliatus: NOR not expressed in one member of the metacentric pair.
Data for: Coordination of care is facilitated by delayed feeding and collective arrivals in the long-tailed tit
<p>When multiple carers invest in a shared brood, there is likely to be conflict among individuals over how much each carer invests. This conflict results in suboptimal investment to the detriment of all carers. It has been proposed that conditional cooperation, i.e. 'turn-taking' or 'alternation', may resolve this conflict by preventing exploitation. This contentious idea has received some empirical support, but distinguishing active alternation from that expected via passive processes has proved challenging. The aim of this study was to use detailed observations of provisioning to examine whether carers at biparental (parents only) and cooperative (parents and helpers) nests of the long-tailed tit <em>Aegithalos</em> <em>caudatus</em> behave in a context-dependent manner that enhances the level of alternation. First, we show that carers who had been the last to feed waited near the nest (loitering) for longer before feeding when they next arrived at the nest and allowed others to feed first, thus facilitating alternation. Secondly, we found that the arrival of carers near the nest and their subsequent feeds were tightly synchronised, with overlapping loitering periods, allowing them to monitor the effort of other carers. Finally, we show that measures of coordination were influenced by carers arriving in a status-dependent order, with breeding females consistently arriving first and helpers last. Together, these results show how patterns of alternation and synchrony arise in long-tailed tits and reveal the behavioural mechanisms underpinning coordination of care.</p>
Data for: Experimental variation of perceived predation risk does not influence coordination of parental care in the long-tailed tit
<p>To maximise fitness, parents should optimise their investment in each breeding attempt. When there are multiple carers, the fitness of each individual may also depend on the relative timing of their investment, with coordination of care hypothesised to maximise its efficiency and reduce predation risk. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that carers coordinate provisioning as an antipredator measure that reduces the time that a brood's location is advertised to predators ('predation hypothesis'). We presented predatory and non-predatory model birds to provisioning long-tailed tit <em>Aegithalos</em> <em>caudatus</em> parents and helpers, predicting that coordination would increase, and carer activity near the nest would decrease following predator presentation, relative to controls. First, carers reduced provisioning rates and took longer to resume provisioning following the predator presentation. Second, contrary to predictions, we found no significant change in any metric of coordination following predator presentations, relative to controls. Moreover, following predator presentation carers spent more time near the nest, resulting in greater near-nest activity compared to controls. In conclusion, although provisioning long-tailed tits are sensitive to perceived predation risk, our findings do not support the prediction of the predation hypothesis that carers adjust coordination behaviour in response to that threat.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.