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100 results for “long-distance dispersal”
Influence of Paleolithic Range Contraction, Admixture and Long-Distance Dispersal on Genetic Gradients of Modern Humans in Asia
<p>Each folder is identified according to the scenario, and contains another folder with the input files (files *.txt, *.par, *.sam, *.asc) to simulate it, the corresponding simulated genetic data (files *.arp) and the derived PC maps (files *.png). A file with the locations of the samples is also included (coord.txt).</p> <p>* Pure Paleolithic expansion * <br> The folder “Paleo” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a pure Paleolithic expansion, ignoring the range contraction induced by the LGM and LDD events.</p> <p>* Pure Paleolithic expansion considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a pure Paleolithic expansion suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM.</p> <p> * Pure Paleolithic expansion considering long-distance dispersal (LDD) events * <br> The folder “Paleo_LDD” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a pure Paleolithic expansion considering LDD events. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by two Neolithic expansions (IR=0) from Middle East and East Asia considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo2NeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by two Neolithic expansions (IR=0) from Middle East and later from East Asia suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by two Neolithic expansions (IR=0) from Middle East and East Asia considering LDD events * <br> The folder “Paleo2NeoIR0_LDD” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by two Neolithic expansions from Middle East and later from East Asia considering LDD events. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from Middle East considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo_MiddleEastNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansions (IR=0) from Middle East suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from East Asia considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo_EastAsiaNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES) and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from East Asia suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from Middle East considering LDD events * <br> The folder “Paleo_MiddleEastNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansions (IR=0) from Middle East considering LDD events. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from East Asia considering LDD events * <br> The folder “Paleo_EastAsiaNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES) the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0) from East Asia considering LDD events. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from Middle East considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo_MiddleEastNeoIR004_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from East Asia suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from East Asia considering the range contraction induced by the LGM * <br> The folder “Paleo_EastAsiaNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansions (IR=0.04) from East Asia suffering the range contraction induced by the LGM. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from Middle East considering LDD events * <br> The folder “Paleo_MiddleEastNeoIR004_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from East Asia considering LDD events. </p> <p>* Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansion (IR=0.04) from East Asia considering LDD events * <br> The folder “Paleo_EastAsiaNeoIR0_REC” contains the input files (INFILES), the genetic data and the corresponding PC maps simulated under the scenario of a Paleolithic expansion followed by a single Neolithic expansions (IR=0.04) from East Asia considering LDD events.</p>
Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcresses (Rorippa, Brassicaceae)
<div> <strong>Aim</strong>: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) plays an important role in shaping the distribution of global biodiversity. Polyploidy could favor invasion and thereby facilitate LDD. However, how and to what extent polyploidy interacts with LDD is unclear. Here, we test the putative role of polyploidy in the global dispersal of <em>Rorippa</em> species.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Location</strong>: Global.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Time</strong> <strong>period</strong>: Late Miocene to present.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: <em>Rorippa</em>.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Methods</strong>: We traced the biogeographic and speciation history for 17 diploids and 41 polyploids of <em>Rorippa</em> using variation from plastid genomes and multiple nuclear loci. The ploidy role in dispersal rate difference was demonstrated using trait-dependent biogeographic modeling.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Results</strong>: LDD shaped the amphitropical disjunction of <em>Rorippa</em>, during which polyploids showed higher dispersal rates than those of diploids, with 5.6× increase under the best-fitted model. Five diploids and 21 polyploids were identified as products of transoceanic speciation events. Polyploidy-involved LDD was more common in terms of polyploidization following LDD than those preceding LDD.</div> <div> </div> <div> <strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong>: We demonstrate that polyploidy would be not only a driver but also a responder of LDD in <em>Rorippa</em>, highlighting a synergistic relationship between them. Our results provide a framework to uncover the biogeographic consequences of polyploidization and the joint roles of polyploidy and LDD in shaping the distribution of biodiversity.</div>
Rare, long-distance dispersal underpins genetic connectivity in the pink sea fan, Eunicella verrucosa
<p>Characterising patterns of genetic connectivity in marine species is of critical importance given the anthropogenic pressures placed on the marine environment. For sessile species, population connectivity can be shaped by many processes, such as pelagic larval duration, oceanographic boundaries, and currents. This study combines restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) and passive particle dispersal modelling to delineate patterns of population connectivity in the pink sea fan, <em>Eunicella verrucosa, </em>a temperate octocoral. Individuals were sampled from 20 sites covering most of the species' northeast Atlantic range, and a site in the northwest Mediterranean Sea to inform on connectivity across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition. Using 7,510 neutral SNPs, a geographic cline of genetic clusters was detected, partitioning into: Ireland, Britain, France, Spain (Atlantic), and Portugal and Spain (Mediterranean). Evidence of significant inbreeding was detected at all sites, a finding not detected in a previous study of this species based on microsatellite loci. Genetic connectivity was characterised by an isolation by distance pattern (IBD) (<em>r<sup>2</sup></em> = 0.78, <em>p</em><0.001), which persisted across the Mediterranean-Atlantic boundary. In contrast, exploration of ancestral population assignment using the program ADMIXTURE indicated genetic partitioning across the Bay of Biscay, which we suggest represents a natural break in the species' range, possibly linked to a lack of suitable habitat. As the pelagic larval duration (PLD) is unknown, passive particle dispersal simulations were run for 14 and 21 days. For both modelled PLDs, inter-annual variations in particle trajectories suggested that in a long-lived, sessile species, range-wide IBD is driven by rare, longer dispersal events which act to maintain gene flow. These results suggest that oceanographic patterns may facilitate range-wide stepping-stone genetic connectivity in <em>E. verrucosa</em>, and highlight that both oceanography and natural breaks in a species' range should be considered in the designation of ecologically coherent MPA networks.</p>
Supplementary material for: Phylogeny and biogeography of the ancient spider family Filistatidae (Araneae) is consistent both with long-distance dispersal and vicariance following continental drift
<p>Raw data and input files for phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of the article "<strong>Phylogeny and biogeography of the ancient spider family Filistatidae (Araneae) is consistent both with long-distance dispersal and vicariance following continental drift</strong>".</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S1. </strong>Matrix of phenotypic characters in .ss format.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S2. </strong>Alignment of COI sequences in fasta format..</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S3. </strong>Alignment of H3 sequences in fasta format.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S4. </strong>Alignment of 16S sequences in fasta format before trimming with gblocks.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S5. </strong>Alignment of 28S sequences in fasta format before trimming with gblocks.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S6. </strong>Input for running parsimony analysis using TNT (phenotypic data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S7. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using MrBayes (phenotypic data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S8. </strong>Input for running parsimony analysis using TNT (sequence data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S9. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using MrBayes (sequence data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S10. </strong>Input for running parsimony analysis using TNT (total evidence).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S11. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S12. </strong>Input for running parsimony analysis using TNT (total evidence, dataset with reduced number of terminals).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S13. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence, dataset with reduced number of terminals).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S14. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence) and estimating node ages using tip-dating.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S15. </strong>Input for running Bayesian inference using Beast (sequence data only) and estimating node ages using node-dating.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S16. </strong>Raw geographic distances among areas in each time slice and dispersal probability matrices for each biogeographic model.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S17. </strong>Inputs for estimating ancestral ranges and performing biogeographic stochastic maps for our dataset.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S18. </strong>Consensus tree found with parsimony analysis using TNT (phenotypic data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S19. </strong>Consensus tree found with Bayesian inference using MrBayes (phenotypic data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S20. </strong>Consensus tree found with parsimony analysis using TNT (sequence data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S21. </strong>Consensus tree found with Bayesian inference using MrBayes (sequence data only).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S22. </strong>Consensus tree found with parsimony analysis using TNT (total evidence).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S23. </strong>Consensus tree found with Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S24. </strong>Consensus tree found with parsimony analysis using TNT (total evidence, dataset with reduced number of terminals).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S25. </strong>Consensus tree found with Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence, dataset with reduced number of terminals).</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S26. </strong>Consensus tree found with Bayesian inference using MrBayes (total evidence) and with node ages estimated using tip-dating.</p> <p><strong>Supplementary material S27. </strong>Maximum clade credibility tree found with Bayesian inference using Beast (sequence data only) and with node ages estimated using node-dating.</p>
Path-finding algorithm as a dispersal assessment method for invasive species with human-vectored long-distance dispersal event
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: An assessment method that can precisely represent human-vectored long-distance dispersals (HVLDD) is currently in need for effective management of invasive species. Here, we focused on HVLDD happening along roads and proposed a path-finding algorithm as a more precise dispersal assessment tool than the most widely used Euclidean distance method by using pine wilt disease (PWD) as a case study.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Busan Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: A path-finding algorithm, which calculates distances by considering spatial distribution of road networks, was tested for its effectiveness in estimating dispersal distances of HVLDD events. To this end, annual HVLDD cases were classified from entire PWD occurrence data from 2016 to 2019 and their dispersal distances were calculated using the path-finding algorithm and the Euclidean distance method. We constructed potential dispersal ranges based on the occurrence points in 2016, 2017, and 2018 using the respective year's mean dispersal distance for both methods, and their performances in accounting for each subsequent year's HVLDD cases were compared to determine which method calculated more precise distances. The information on which road class contributed more to dispersal occurrences and distances was analysed as well using the proposed algorithm.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The potential dispersal ranges of the path-finding algorithm accounted for more future anthropogenic infection cases than the ones that used the Euclidean distance method, validating its higher functionality. It also revealed that most HVLDDs started and ended on small roads, and large roads constituted the majority of the total dispersal length.</p> <p><strong>Main Conclusions</strong>: The path-finding algorithm has proven to be a more effective dispersal assessment method for HVLDD events. It can help design effective control strategies. Thus, we encourage using the path-finding algorithm for dispersal assessment of invasive species that move along road networks, as well as for the development of more powerful HVLDD prediction models.a</p>
Data for: "Dynamic species distribution modeling reveals the pivotal role of human-mediated long-distance dispersal in plant invasion"
<p>All the data needed to reproduce the results and Figures of our article:</p> <p>Botella, C., Bonnet, P., Hui, C., Joly, A., & Richardson, D. M. (2022). Dynamic Species Distribution Modeling Reveals the Pivotal Role of Human-Mediated Long-Distance Dispersal in Plant Invasion. <em>Biology</em>, <em>11</em>(9), 1293. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293">https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293</a></p> <p>Please, find the R scripts and guidelines to reproduce our results on the article's Github repository :</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main">https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main</a></p>
Urbanization impacts short- but not long-distance natal dispersal in a common orb web spider
<p>Urban environments represent a theatre for life history evolution. Species able to survive in cities can adapt to the local and often divergent environmental conditions compared to rural or (semi-)natural environments. Dispersal determines establishment, gene flow, and thus the potential for local adaptation. Since habitats in urban environments are highly fragmented, and show substantial turnover, contrasting adaptive effects on dispersal are expected. Fragmentation selects against dispersal while patch turn-over is expected to promote the evolution of dispersal. We here show both processes to act in concert when different scales are considered. Dispersal behavior of juvenile, lab-reared garden spiders from three mid-sized European cities were tested under standardized conditions. While long-distance dispersal showed to be overall rare, short-distance dispersal strategies increased with urbanization at small scales, but declined when urbanization was quantified at large scales. We discuss the putative drivers behind these differences in natal dispersal and highlight its importance for urban evolution and ecology.</p>
The irreplaceable role of surviving megafauna in long-distance seed dispersal: Evidence from an experiment with Neotropical mammals
<p>The downsizing of disperser assemblages by selective defaunation is a worldwide phenomenon thought to have important consequences in animal-dispersed plants. Numerous large-seeded Neotropical plants currently depend on the last megafaunal survivors, the large tapirs <em>Tapirus</em> spp., and medium-sized frugivores. The extent to which medium frugivores are functionally equivalent to tapirs remains unresolved. We combined feeding trials, seed dispersal kernel modeling based on seed retention times and animal movement simulation (Levy walks), and germination experiments in a large-seeded palm to assess the dispersal quality provided by the largest (tapirs) and two medium (foxes and howler monkeys) frugivore species in terms of dispersal distances and gut passage effects on germination. Tapirs retained the seeds in the gut for much longer (mean=221 hours) than howlers (43 h) and foxes (22 h). Median dispersal distance by tapirs (1252 m) was 14 and 40 times larger than that by foxes (88 m) and howlers (31 m), respectively. The seed dispersal kernel of tapirs showed a 5<sup>th</sup> percentile value (291 m) larger than the 95<sup>th</sup> percentiles of foxes (285 m) and howlers (108 m). Manually depulped and gut-passed seeds germinated in similar proportions, showing, respectively, 3.5 and 2.5―2.9 times higher values than intact fruits. Germination probability and seed viability decreased with retention time in howlers' and tapirs' gut, with howlers showing a steeper negative relationship. Such detrimental effect implies a trade-off between germination success and dispersal distance. We conclude that tapirs may not play a unique role in germination enhancement but move seeds much further than medium frugivores, thus playing a critical role as long-distance dispersers of many plants. This study provides important insights on palm–frugivore interactions and the potential consequences for large-seeded plants of losing the last megafaunal representatives in the Neotropics.</p>
The irreplaceable role of surviving megafauna in long-distance seed dispersal: Evidence from an experiment with Neotropical mammals
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Path-finding algorithm as a dispersal assessment method for invasive species with human-vectored long-distance dispersal event
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Synergistic polyploidization and long-distance dispersal enable the global diversification of yellowcress herbs
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Urbanization impacts short- but not long-distance natal dispersal in a common orb web spider
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Molecular phylogenetic analyses reveal multiple long-distance dispersal events and extensive cryptic speciation in Nervilia (Orchidaceae), an isolated basal Epidendroid genus
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Rare, long-distance dispersal underpins genetic connectivity in the pink sea fan, Eunicella verrucosa
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Data from: Influence of paleolithic range contraction, admixture and long-distance dispersal on genetic gradients of modern humans in Asia
<p>Cavalli-Sforza and coauthors originally explored the genetic variation of modern humans throughout the world and observed an overall east-west genetic gradient in Asia. However, the specific environmental and population genetics processes causing this gradient were not formally investigated and promoted discussion in recent studies. Here we studied the influence of diverse environmental and population genetics processes on Asian genetic gradients and identified which could have produced the observed gradient. To do so, we performed extensive spatially-explicit computer simulations of genetic data under the following scenarios: (<i>i</i>) variable levels of admixture between Paleolithic and Neolithic populations, (<i>ii</i>) migration through long-distance dispersal (LDD), (<i>iii</i>) Paleolithic range contraction induced by the last glacial maximum (LGM) and, (<i>iv</i>) Neolithic range expansions from one or two geographic origins (the Fertile Crescent and the Yangzi and Yellow River Basins). Next, we estimated genetic gradients from the simulated data and we found that they were sensible to the analyzed processes, especially to the range contraction induced by LGM and to the number of Neolithic expansions. Some scenarios were compatible with the observed east-west genetic gradient, such as the Paleolithic expansion with a range contraction induced by the LGM or two Neolithic range expansions from both the east and the west. In general, LDD increased the variance of genetic gradients among simulations. We interpreted the obtained gradients as a consequence of both <i>allele surfing</i> caused by range expansions and isolation by distance along the vast east-west geographic axis of this continent.</p>
Data from: Rare long-distance dispersal of a marine angiosperm across the Pacific Ocean
Aim: Long-distance dispersal (LDD) events occur rarely but play a fundamental role in shaping species biogeography. Lying at the heart of island biogeography theory, LDD relies on unusual events to facilitate colonisation of new habitats and range expansion. Despite the importance of LDD, it is inherently difficult to quantify due to the rarity of such events. We estimate the probability of LDD of the seagrass Heterozostera nigricaulis, a common Australian species, across the Pacific Ocean to colonise South America.Location: Coastal Chile, Australia and the Pacific Ocean. Methods: Genetic analysis of H. nigricaulis collected from Chile and Australia were used to assess the relationship between the populations and levels of clonality. Ocean surface current models were used to predict the probability of propagules dispersing from South East Australia to Central Chile and shipping data used to determine the likelihood of anthropogenic dispersal. Results: Our study infers that the seagrass H. nigricaulis dispersed from Australia across the entire width of the Pacific (~14,000 km) to colonise South America on two occasions. Genetic analyses reveal that these events led to two large isolated clones, one of which covers a combined area of 3.47 km2. Oceanographic models estimate the arrival probability of a dispersal propagule within 3 years to be at most 0.00264%. Early shipping provides a potential alternative dispersal vector, yet few ships sailed from SE Australia to Chile prior to the first recording of H. nigricaulis and the lack of more recent and ongoing introductions demonstrate the rarity of such dispersal. Main Conclusion: These findings demonstrate LDD does occur over extreme distance despite very low probabilities. The large number of propagules (100s of millions) produced over 100s of years suggests that the arrival of propagules in Chile was inevitable and confirms the importance of LDD for species distributions and community ecology.
Plant dispersal syndromes are unreliable as predictors of zoochory and long-distance dispersal by ungulates and waterbirds
<p>Plant dispersal syndromes are allocated based on diaspore morphology and used to predict mechanisms of dispersal. Many authors assume that only angiosperms with endozoochory, epizoochory or anemochory syndromes have a long-distance dispersal (LDD) mechanism. Too much faith is often placed in classical syndromes to explain historical dispersal events and to predict future ones. The "endozoochory syndrome" is actually a "frugivory syndrome" and has often diverted attention from endozoochory by non-frugivores (e.g. waterbirds and large herbivores) that disperse a broad range of angiosperms, for which they likely provide the maximum dispersal distances. Neither the endozoochory nor the epizoochory syndromes provide helpful predictions of which plants non-frugivores disperse, or by which mechanism. We combined data from Albert et al. (2015a), Soons et al. (2016) and Julve (1998) to show that only 4% of European plant species dispersed by ungulate endozoochory belong to the corresponding syndrome, compared to 36% for ungulate epizoochory and 8% for endozoochory by migratory ducks. In contrast, the proportions of these species that are assigned to an "unassisted syndrome" are 37%, 31% and 28%, respectively. Since allocated syndromes do not adequately account for zoochory, empirical studies often fail to find the expected relationship between syndromes and LDD events such as those underlying the colonization of islands or latitudinal migration. We need full incorporation of existing zoochory data into dispersal databases, and more empirical research into the relationship between plant traits and the frequency and effectiveness of different dispersal mechanisms (paying attention to unexpected vectors). Acknowledging the broad role of non-frugivores in facilitating LDD is crucial to improve predictions of the consequences of global change, such as how plant distributions respond to climate change, and how alien plants spread. Networks of dispersal interactions between these vertebrates and plants are a vital but understudied part of the Web of Life. The datasets we present here illustrate these limitations of syndromes, and include data from Brochet et al. (2010) regarding the syndromes of plants dispersed by Eurasian Teal via epizoochory or endozoochory.</p>
Data to support publication figures and animation scripts at GitHub: Modeling weather-driven long-distance dispersal of spruce budworm moths (Choristoneura fumiferana)
<p>Long-term studies of insect populations in the North American boreal forest have shown the vital importance of long-distance dispersal to the maintenance and expansion of insect outbreaks. In this work, we extend several concepts established previously in an empirically-based dispersal flight model with recent work on the physiology and behavior of the adult eastern spruce budworm (SBW) moth, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). An outbreak of defoliating SBW in Quebec, ongoing since the mid-2000s, already covers millions of hectares of forests in eastern Canada and threatens to spread into neighboring areas through annual summertime episodes of long-distance dispersal. Such flight events in favorable conditions frequently include billions of SBW moths dispersing in the warm atmospheric boundary layer, typically starting around sunset and often lasting through several hours of wind-driven transport over hundreds of kilometers. Successful SBW dispersal to possibly distant host forest areas depends acutely on the weather. Here we describe the components and results of SBW–pyATM, an open-source individual-based modeling framework developed in Python for the simulation of these weather-driven SBW dispersal events. Using seasonal SBW phenology results from BioSIM at known outbreak locations and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model output, we focus on modeling dispersal flights over two successive nights in July 2013 in southern Quebec. Our flight model closely reproduces the SBW spatial patterns and motions observed by weather surveillance radar over the St. Lawrence estuary. With SBW–pyATM we can estimate landing locations for both male and female SBW and the resulting spatial patterns of egg distribution, allowing us eventually to forecast future larval defoliation activity in new locations where immigration could help overcome local limitations on SBW populations. This information could then support forest management decisions where SBW outbreaks threaten valuable resources.</p>
Data from: Resolving the Northern Hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung moss Tetraplodon fuegianus
Premise of the study—American bipolar plant distributions characterize taxa at various taxonomic ranks but are most common in the bryophytes at infraspecific and infrageneric levels. A previous study on the bipolar disjunction in the dung moss genus Tetraplodon found that direct long-distance dispersal from North to South in the Miocene - Pleistocene accounted for the origin of the Southern American endemic Tetraplodon fuegianus, congruent with other molecular studies on bipolar bryophytes. The previous study, however, remained inconclusive regarding a specific Northern Hemisphere source region for the trans-equatorial dispersal event that gave rise to T. fuegianus. Methods—To estimate spatial genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships within the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, which includes T. fuegianus, we analyzed thousands of Restriction-site Associated DNA (RADseq) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms using Bayesian individual assignment and maximum likelihood and coalescent model based phylogenetic approaches. Key results—Northwestern North America is the most likely source of the recent ancestor to T. fuegianus. Conclusions—Tetraplodon fuegianus, which marks the southernmost populations in the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, arose following a single long-distance dispersal event involving a T. mnioides lineage that is now rare in the Northern Hemisphere and potentially restricted to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Furthermore, gene flow between sympatric lineages of Tetraplodon mnioides in the Northern Hemisphere is limited, possibly due to high rates of selfing or reproductive isolation.
Population assignment tests uncover rare long-distance larval dispersal events
<p>Long-distance dispersal (LDD) is consequential to metapopulation ecology and evolution. In systems where dispersal is undertaken by small propagules, such as larvae in the ocean, documenting LDD is especially challenging. Genetic parentage analysis has gained traction as a method for measuring larval dispersal, but such studies are generally spatially limited, leaving LDD understudied in marine species. We addressed this knowledge gap by uncovering LDD with population assignment tests in the coral reef fish <i>Elacatinus lori</i>—a species whose short-distance dispersal has been well-characterized by parentage analysis. When adults (<i>n</i> = 931) collected throughout the species' range were categorized into three source populations, assignment accuracy exceeded 99%, demonstrating low rates of connectivity between populations in the adult generation. After establishing high assignment confidence, we assigned settlers (<i>n</i> = 3,828) to source populations. Within the settler cohort, < 0.1% of individuals were identified as long-distance dispersers from other populations. These results demonstrate an exceptionally low level of connectivity between <i>E. lori</i> populations, despite the potential for ocean currents to facilitate LDD. More broadly, these findings illustrate the value of combining genetic parentage analysis and population assignment tests to uncover short- and long-distance dispersal, respectively.</p>
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