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opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders

This is the raw data for the manuscript of Dr. Shichang Zhang from Hubei University entitled: Intensive male competition caused severity of trauma in female genital tracts predicts female reproductive success and longevity in strictly monandrous wolf spiders.

opencc-zeroFeb 2024View details →

Feeding with plant powders increases longevity and body weight of Western honeybee workers (Apis mellifera)

Beekeepers routinely substitute honey from managed western honeybees, Apis mellifera, colonies with sugar water post-harvest, potentially leading to malnutrition. Although nutritional supplements have been created, a general consensus on proper colony nutrition for beekeeping has yet to be reached. Thus, finding easily obtainable fortified A. mellifera food alternatives is still of interest. Here, we test plant powder-enriched food supplements since a priori evidence suggests plant extracts can enhance dry body weight and longevity of workers. Freshly emerged workers were kept in hoarding cages (N=69 days) and fed either with 50 % (w/v) sucrose solution alone or additionally with one of 12 powders: Laurus nobilis, Quercus spp., Curcuma longa, Hypericum spp., Spirulina platensis, Calendula officinalis, Chlorella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, Moringa oleifera, Rosa canina, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Urtica dioica (N=2028 workers total). The dry body weight was significantly increased in Quercus spp., Hypericum spp., Spirunlina platensis, Mellisa officinalis, Moringa oelifera, and Trigonella foenum-graecum treatments. Further, the longevity was significantly increased in Quercus spp., Curcuma longa, Calendulae officinalis, Chlorella vulgaris, Melissa officinalis, Rosa canina, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and Urtica diocia treatments. Given that plant extracts can enhance A. mellifera health, plant powders possibly provide additional macro- (i.e. proteins, lipids, peptides) and micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) thereby enhancing nutrient availability. Further investigations into the mechanisms underlying these effects and field studies are recommended to validate these findings in real-hive scenarios.

opencc-zeroMar 2024View details →

The more the better: Fatty acids are predictive markers of honey bee, Apis mellifera, worker longevity

Fatty acids (FA), stemming from nutrition, form triglycerides that are key components for insect energy reserves. In managed Apis mellifera colonies, supplementary feeding is common practice, yet micronutrients and microbiota (i.e. B-vitamins and probiotics) are often neglected. Given that B-vitamins are obligate cofactors for FA metabolism, and probiotics likely play key roles as well (i.e. Lactobacillus spp. synthesize B-vitamins), understanding how they contribute to FA acquisition remains unknown. Indeed, FAs are established predictors to A. mellifera longevity, and as such, are a logical point of interest in long-lived "winter" bees, where A. mellifera colony losses typically occur. Here, in a hoarding cage trial, freshly emerged adult winter workers were exposed to antibiotics (ABX) to decouple innate benefits associated to native gut microbiota, or left unexposed to ABX (N=72 cages, N=2088 experimental workers). Subsequently, all workers were fed different diets containing either probiotics, B-vitamins, with replicate treatments given ad libitum access to pollen (mimicking real-hive scenarios) or left blank (control). At the end of the trial, a subsample (n=356) had their total FA contents analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Irrespective of dietary treatment, every worker contained all 11 identified FAs, aligning our results with a priori evidence and highlighting their underlying key roles for bee physiology and health. We show for the first time that B-vitamins alone did not improve the overall abundance of individual FAs (g), yet significant differences were associated with presence/absence of bacteria and/or access to pollen, reconfirming likely ties of microbiota aiding in nutrient breakdown of complex polysaccharides found in pollen. Finally, of clear importance, there was a positive significant correlation between total lipid content and worker longevity (+2.4 median day lifespan increase / mg of FA), thereby confirming the relevance of FAs for honey bee worker longevity.

Figure 4. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. A in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 4. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. A, Cohorts identified during sampling describing the growth of each sex. B, Bertalanffy´s equation parameters estimated for males and females. The central line = mean; external lines = prediction intervals (95%).

Figure 5. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Logistic curve interpolation where 50 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 5. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Logistic curve interpolation where 50% of females reach functional sexual maturity (CL50).

Figure 3. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 3. Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012. Size–frequency distribution of individuals both sexually immature (2.5 to 4.5 mm CL) and sexually mature (5.5 to 9.5 mm CL). Undifferentiated individuals (white bars), males (black bars) and females (dark grey bars). The values of morphological sexual maturity (4.9 and 4.7 mm CL for males and females respectively) are from the study of population structure and relative growth with the same population (Pescinelli et al., 2018a).

Figure 2. A in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 2. A, Lateral view of an ovigerous female of Alpheus brasileiro Anker, 2012; B, sampling area at the intertidal zone of the estuary of Cananéia, São Paulo, south–eastern Brazil.

Figure 1 in Growth, age at sexual maturity, longevity and natural mortality of Alpheus brasileiro (Caridea: Alpheidae) from the south-eastern coast of Brazil

Figure 1. Location of the study area, water represented by dark grey in the map of the intertidal estuarine zone of Cananéia, São Paulo, south–eastern Brazil. Adapted from Pescinelli et al. (2017a).

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Coevolution of longevity and female germline maintenance

An often-overlooked aspect of life-history optimization is the allocation of resources to protect the germline and secure safe transmission of genetic information. While failure to do so renders significant fitness consequences in future generations, germline maintenance comes with substantial costs. Thus, germline allocation should trade-off with other life history decisions and be optimized in accordance with an organism's reproductive schedule. Here we tested this hypothesis by studying germline maintenance in lines of seed beetle, selected for early (E) or late (L) reproduction for 350 and 240 generations, respectively. Female animals provide maintenance and screening of male gametes in their reproductive tract and oocytes. Here, we revealed the ability of young and aged E and L-females to provide this form of germline maintenance by mating them to males with ejaculates with artificially elevated levels of protein and DNA damage. We find that germline maintenance in E-females peaks at young age and then declines, while the opposite is true for L-females, in accordance with the age of reproduction in respective regime. These findings identify the central role of allocation to secure germline integrity in life history evolution and highlight how females can play a crucial role in mitigating effects of male germline decisions on mutation rate and offspring quality.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Growth and longevity of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera): Implications for conservation and management

Key life-history data, such as growth and age, are necessary to effectively manage and conserve threatened freshwater mussel species. Traditionally growth and age studies require large yet destructive sample sizes covering all age classes. Such methods pose a risk to populations of conservation concern, and therefore alternative methods that need only limited sample sizes are necessitated to prevent further threats to such populations. We applied retrospective shell growth at age reconstructions to 98 critically endangered freshwater pearl mussel (FPM) individuals from 34 populations across Finland and Sweden, enabling the use of extremely small sample sizes (n = 1–6 per population). We compared the performance of six different growth models with the reconstructed size-at-age data across FPM juvenile (<20 years old) and adult life stages. The growth reconstruction model showed reasonable skill in reconstructing FPM growth patterns. The von Bertalanffy model was shown to be a good general descriptor of growth for FPM, but it systematically underestimated the asymptotic size. The power law model was the most accurate in estimating juvenile growth (lowest deviances from the size-at-age data). FPM showed great variability in longevity (Amax = 54–254 years) and growth constant k (0.018– 0.057 year-1). Our results show that reasonable estimates of growth can be attained even when sample sizes are extremely limited. The results can be further applied to gain knowledge on the population's age structure, size at maturation, and recovery potential. The methodology is applicable to other freshwater mussel species of conservation concern.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 4 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser

Fig. 4. Pheromone release profiles for DCEPT CLM™ (closed circles) and SPLAT CLM™ (open circles). DCEPT CLM data (top graph) are mean (± SD) percentage of initial amount of (Z,Z,E)-7,11,13-hexadecatrienal remaining in the dispensers (n = 10). SPLAT CLM points are equivalent data previously published (Stelinski et al. 2010). The amount of pheromone released (bottom graph) was calculated as the mean difference in pheromone remaining from the preceding period.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2015View details →

Fig. 1 in Disruption of the leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in citrus: effect of blend and placement height, longevity of disruption and emission profile of a new dispenser

Fig. 1. Mean ± SEM number of male Phyllocnistis citrella captured in pheromone-baited traps in untreated control plots (filled circles, n = 9) and in pheromonetreated plots (open circles, n = 14) of grapefruit at Emerald grove, St. Lucie County, Florida, USA. Triangles are mean ± SEM (n = 14) percentage trap catch disruption (right y axis). Insert: DCEPT CLM dispenser. Rubber disk is 1.2 cm in diameter; white plastic hanger is 3.5 × 4.3 cm.

Fig. 2 in Placement density and longevity of pheromone traps for monitoring of the citrus leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Fig. 2. Relationship between the proportional number of Phyllocnistis citrella captures per trap and day of aged lures with respect to unaged lures, and the number of weeks that each lure was exposed to field environmental conditions during spring 2013, for the 2 commercial brands of lures a) ISCA and b) AlphaScents.

Fig. 1 in Placement density and longevity of pheromone traps for monitoring of the citrus leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Fig. 1. Mean number of Phyllocnistis citrella adult male captures per trap and day (± standard error) from Apr 2012 to Dec 2013, at the 3 trap densities tested: high: approximately 1 trap per 0.40 ha (1 acre), medium: approximately 1 trap per 1.21 ha (3 acres), and low: approximately 1 trap per 2.02 ha (5 acres).

Fig. 4 in Placement density and longevity of pheromone traps for monitoring of the citrus leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Fig. 4. Relationship between the proportional number of Phyllocnistis citrella captures per trap and day of aged lures with respect to unaged lures, and the number of weeks that each lure was exposed to field environmental conditions, with data combined for ISCA and AlphaScents during spring and ISCA during summer/fall 2013.

Fig. 3 in Placement density and longevity of pheromone traps for monitoring of the citrus leafminer (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)

Fig. 3. Relationship between the proportional number of Phyllocnistis citrella captures per trap and day of aged lures with respect to unaged lures, and the number of weeks that each lure was exposed to field environmental conditions during summer/fall 2013, for the 2 commercial brands of lures a) ISCA and b) AlphaScents.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

43 longevity-associated SNPs genotyped in a Croatian sample of oldest-old individuals

This dataset presents genotype data for 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that have been genotyped in an anonymised sample of 314 oldest-old individuals (85+ years) from Croatia. The SNPs are located in or near candidate genes for longevity, and were selected from publicly available literature databases (PubMed and repositories specialized for human longevity such as https://genomics.senescence.info/longevity/, http://ageing-map.org/). They were selected based on their strong or repeatedly reported association with human longevity and involvement in various metabolic pathways. Genotyping was performed by Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) on genomic DNA isolated from peripheral blood using the salting-out method. The dataset also contains recoding of the genotypes for each participant according to their association with longevity: a value of 2 was assigned to the homozygous genotype of longevity allele, a value of 1 to the heterozygous genotype, and a value of 0 to the homozygous genotype of an allele not associated with longevity in our sample. In cases where there were less than 10 of either homozygous genotypes, and in cases where a dominant or recessive coding gave a more significant result in further analyses, they were additionally recoded as binary variables with only the values 0 and 1, with heterozygote being added to the less common homozygote. This data was used to perform logistic regression analyses to create the best models for predicting survival to the ages of 90 and 95. Those models were then used to create genetic risk scores (here named genetic longevity scores, GLS)  for predicting that phenotype, which are shown in this dataset as well. Information about the selected SNPs is also presented: rs code, nearest gene, chromosome position, and references for literature sources where association with longevity is reported; along with data that refers to the studied Croatian population: alleles (major/minor), minor allele frequencies (MAF), genotyping success rate, and HWE p-values.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Effects of mycotoxin treatment on fly survival, development time, thorax length, fecundity, and longevity in four mycophagous Drosophila species

Many mycophagous Drosophila species have adapted to tolerate high concentrations of mycotoxins, an ability not reported in any other eukaryotes. Although an association between mycophagy and mycotoxin tolerance has been established in many Drosophila species, the genetic mechanisms of the tolerance are unknown. This study presents the inter- and intraspecific variation in the mycotoxin tolerance trait. We studied the mycotoxin tolerance in four Drosophila species from four separate clades within the immigrans-tripunctata radiation from two distinct locations. The effect of mycotoxin treatment on 20 isofemale lines per species was studied using seven gross phenotypes: survival to pupation, survival to eclosion, development time to pupation and eclosion, thorax length, fecundity, and longevity. We observed interspecific variation among four species, with D. falleni being the most tolerant, followed by D. recens, D. neotestacea, and D. tripunctata, in that order. The results also revealed geographical variation and intraspecific genetic variation in mycotoxin tolerance. This report provides the foundation for further delineating the genetic mechanisms of the mycotoxin tolerance trait.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2021View details →

Figure 3 in LONGEVITIES OF ADULT CHIRONOMIDAE (DIPTERA) FROM TWO STREAMS IN ICELAND Abstract

Figure 3. Percent of surviving adult females (n=12) and males (n=17) of Diamesa versus days post collection incubated at 20°C.