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Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 8. Progyrolepis heyleri POPLIN, 1999. a: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen in lateral view, GMC 43, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; b: maxilla and lower jaw of juvenile specimen, imprint of the maxillary medial face with a distinctive horizontal lamina, lower jaw in lateral view, GMC 83, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; c: haemal arch of the axial skeleton and fragment of a strong undivided lepidotrichium, GMC 25, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: drawing of the haemal arch, GMC 25, scale bar 5 mm; e: jugal in medial view with the infraorbital sensory canal and imprint of the sculpture on the lateral face of the bone, GMC 7, whitened, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: ha – haemal arch, hl – horizontal lamina, hs – haemal spine, ioc – infraorbital sensory canal, lep – lepidotrichium.
Text-fig. 4. Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. a, b: photograph and drawing of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 15, whitened, scale bars 5 mm; c: maxillary plate in medial view with horizontal lamina along the ventral edge of the bone, segment of the lower jaw with assembly of large slender teeth of the inner row and coronoids with small teeth, GMC 15, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: detail of the sculpture on the maxilla and dentalosplenial, GMC 126, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: detail of the teeth of the inner and outer row and coronoids on the lower jaw, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, GMC 15, scale bar 2 mm; f: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical teeth, GMC 15, scale bar 100 µm; g: small fringing fulcra tightly attached to the anterior edge of a lepidotrichium, individual fulcral scales are indicated by arrows, GMC 18, scale bar 2 mm. Abbreviation: bhf – bucco-hypophysial foramen, Cor – coronoids, cp – corpus parasphenoidis, De – dentalosplenial, hl – horizontal lamina, mc – pores of the mandibular sensory canal, Mx – maxilla, paa – processus ascendens anterior, pap – processus ascendens posterior. in New Actinopterygians From The Permian Of The Brive Basin, And The Ichthyofaunas Of The French Massif Central
Text-fig. 4. Briveichthys chantepieorum gen. et sp. nov. a, b: photograph and drawing of the parasphenoid in dorsal view, GMC 15, whitened, scale bars 5 mm; c: maxillary plate in medial view with horizontal lamina along the ventral edge of the bone, segment of the lower jaw with assembly of large slender teeth of the inner row and coronoids with small teeth, GMC 15, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; d: detail of the sculpture on the maxilla and dentalosplenial, GMC 126, whitened, scale bar 5 mm; e: detail of the teeth of the inner and outer row and coronoids on the lower jaw, the frame delineates the area illustrated in (f) at higher magnification, GMC 15, scale bar 2 mm; f: microsculpture formed by elliptical proximo-distally elongated protuberances on the large conical teeth, GMC 15, scale bar 100 µm; g: small fringing fulcra tightly attached to the anterior edge of a lepidotrichium, individual fulcral scales are indicated by arrows, GMC 18, scale bar 2 mm. Abbreviation: bhf – bucco-hypophysial foramen, Cor – coronoids, cp – corpus parasphenoidis, De – dentalosplenial, hl – horizontal lamina, mc – pores of the mandibular sensory canal, Mx – maxilla, paa – processus ascendens anterior, pap – processus ascendens posterior.
Albertosaurus libratus adult and youngster? Or two species? Drawn to the same scale, note that the smaller individual's teeth, which are partly covered by the lips, are absolutely larger than the bigger one's. On the side of the lower jaw, the bulge of the surangular bone typical of tyrannosaurs can clearly be seen. in Predatory Dinosaurs of the World
Albertosaurus libratus adult and youngster? Or two species? Drawn to the same scale, note that the smaller individual's teeth, which are partly covered by the lips, are absolutely larger than the bigger one's. On the side of the lower jaw, the bulge of the surangular bone typical of tyrannosaurs can clearly be seen.
Fig. 1 Landmarks used for the kinematic analyses. 1 upper jaw tip, 2 lower jaw tip, 3 in Flexibility is everything: prey capture throughout the seasonal habitat switches in the smooth newt Lissotriton vulgaris
Fig. 1 Landmarks used for the kinematic analyses. 1 upper jaw tip, 2 lower jaw tip, 3 hyoid (throat), 4 jaw joint, 5 nape, 6 dorsal trunk reference, 7 tongue tip (only digitized when visible)
Fig. 20. Right lower jaw with i2, p4–m3 in On Tsaganomyidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) of Asia
Fig. 20. Right lower jaw with i2, p4–m3 of Cyclomylus intermedius, new species (IVPP V 823, holotype). A. Occlusal view. B. Buccal view. C. Anterior view showing the relation between i2 and p4.
Text-fig. 2. Cyclurus macrocephalus REUSS. Specimen NMP Pc 2847. A: Ventral view of neurocranium. Bocc: basioccipital; Pmx: premaxillary; Psph: parasphenoid; cor. teeth: coronoid teeth. B.: Lower jaw and gular. Ang: angular; Dent: dentary; Gul: gular; Mx: maxillary; Sang: supraangular; cor. teeth: coronoid teeth. [Photographs D. Serrette] in Complements To The Anatomical Knowledge Of Reuss (Pisces, Actinopterygii) From The Eocene Of Kučlín, Bohemia, Czech Republic
Text-fig. 2. Cyclurus macrocephalus REUSS. Specimen NMP Pc 2847. A: Ventral view of neurocranium. Bocc: basioccipital; Pmx: premaxillary; Psph: parasphenoid; cor. teeth: coronoid teeth. B.: Lower jaw and gular. Ang: angular; Dent: dentary; Gul: gular; Mx: maxillary; Sang: supraangular; cor. teeth: coronoid teeth. [Photographs D. Serrette]
Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass]. in Isolated Ossicles Of The Family Eospondylidae Spencer Wright, 1966, In The Lower Devonian Of Bohemia (Czech Republic) And Correction Of The Systematic Position Of Eospondylid Brittlestars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Oegophiurida)
Text-fig. 2. Eospondylus primigenius (STÜRTZ) Bundenbach, Eschenbach-Bocksberg quarry, Lower Devonian, Lower Emsian (Zlichovian), Hunsrück Slate,, NM S 4764, x 3. Specimen with ventral arm coiling. The specimen is on its dorsum in slate with all five rays curled ventrally inward toward mouth area on underside of disk. Barely visible are tips of two jaws; slightly exposed are proximal parts of rays in oral view extending outward from disk. The location of abrupt ventral bending of rays is indicated by emergence from slate of five rays in aboral view that point inward toward buried disk. Based on ventral bending of rays and intimate association with crinoids Eospondylus has been interpreted as stratigraphic first occurrence of Order Euryalida, which contains epizoic gorgonocephalid and euryalid basket-stars of modern oceans. This status is rejected using new evidence from isolated vertebrae. [Photo by Alexander Glass].
Fig. 246. Tribe Bothremydini, genus indeterminate. AMNH 29989, lower jaws. A in EVOLUTION OF THE SIDE-NECKED TURTLES: THE FAMILIES BOTHREMYDIDAE, EURAXEMYDIDAE, AND ARARIPEMYDIDAE
Fig. 246. Tribe Bothremydini, genus indeterminate. AMNH 29989, lower jaws. A, dorsal; B, left lateral; C, right medial. [A.M. Phillips, del.]
Fig. 245. Tribe Bothremydini, genus indeterminate. AMNH 29989, lower jaws. A in EVOLUTION OF THE SIDE-NECKED TURTLES: THE FAMILIES BOTHREMYDIDAE, EURAXEMYDIDAE, AND ARARIPEMYDIDAE
Fig. 245. Tribe Bothremydini, genus indeterminate. AMNH 29989, lower jaws. A, dorsal; B, left lateral; C, right medial; D, anterolateral oblique. [E.S. Gaffney, del.]
Fig. 239. Bothremys cooki Leidy, 1865. AMNH 2521 holotype, lower jaws. A in EVOLUTION OF THE SIDE-NECKED TURTLES: THE FAMILIES BOTHREMYDIDAE, EURAXEMYDIDAE, AND ARARIPEMYDIDAE
Fig. 239. Bothremys cooki Leidy, 1865. AMNH 2521 holotype, lower jaws. A, dorsal; B, dorsal; C, right lateral. Light gray shows extent of pit. [A.M. Phillips, del.]
Fig. 8 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 8. Ischnacanthiformes fam. gen. et sp. indet., SMNH BP.1586/4, Dniester River, opposite Zalishchyky, Zastavna (Chernivtsi) region (Podolia), Ukraine; upper part of Ivanie Horizon of the Tyver Series, Lower Devonian; jaw bone fragment in occlusal (A), antero-linguo-occlusal (B), antero-lingual (C), postero-lateral (D), and postero-lingual (E) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.
Fig. 7 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 7. Podoliacanthidae fam. nov. gen. et sp. indet., ZPAL P.14/12.10, Dniester River, on the east outskirts of Ivanie Zolote; upper part of the Ivanie Horizon of the Tyver Series, Lower Devonian; jaw bone fragment in lingual (A), occlusal (B), and linguo-occlusal (D) views, postero-lingual view of lateral tooth row (C). Arrows indicate rostral direction.
Fig. 3 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 3. Ischnacanthiform fish Drygantacanthus semirotunda gen. et sp. nov., the holotype, SMNH BP.1581/5, Dniester River opposite Zalishchyky, Zastavna (Chernivtsi) region, Podolia, Ukraine; Upper part of Ivanie Horizon of the Tyver Series, Lower Devonian. Jaw bone fragment in occlusal (A), postero-occlusal (B), lingual (C), lateral (D), and antero-occlusal (E) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.
Fig. 2 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Simplified stratigraphy of the marine Lower Devonian beds in Podolia showing distribution of Ischnacanthiformes jaw bones (modified from Drygant and Szaniawski 2012; Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012).
Fig. 1. A in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 1. A. Location of the study area in Ukraine with position of Podolia. B. Map of the studied region. C. Lower Devonian exposures (modified from Voichyshyn and Szaniawski 2012) with points of sampled sections (triangles 1–4).
Fig. 4 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 4. Ischnacanthiform fish Drygantacanthus semirotunda gen. et sp. nov., Dniester River, north-west Zalishchyky outskirts, Podolia, Ukraine, Upper Lochkovian, Ivanie Horizon; the paratypes, SMNH BP.1587/3 (A) and SMNH BP.1590/11 (B). Jaw bone fragments in occlusal (A1, B1), lingual (A2, B2), anterior (A3), lateral (A4), and posterior (B3) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.
Fig. 6 in New ischnacanthiform jaw bones from the Lower Devonian of Podolia, Ukraine
Fig. 6. Ischnacanthiform fish Kasperacanthus serratus gen. et sp. nov., Dniester River, on the East of Ivanie Zolote; upper part of the Ivanie Horizon of the Tyver Series, Lower Devonian; the paratypes ZPAL P.14/5.5 (A) and ZPAL P.14/7.6 (B). Jaw bone fragments in occlusal (A1, B1), lingual (A2, B2, B4), bottom-lingual (A3), top-lingual (A4), and posterolingual (B3) views. Arrows indicate rostral direction.
Fig. 3 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians
Fig. 3. Temnospondyl amphibian Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947), holotype (UCMP 36199), early Anisian, northeastern Arizona. Stereopairs of the posterior part of the lower jaw in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Note buttresses for articular (missing) projecting from prearticular and surangular, and proportions of postglenoid area.
Fig. 6 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians
Fig. 6. Strict consensus of 38 most parsimonious trees with bootstrap percentages based upon 10,000 replicates.
Fig. 2 in The brachyopoid Hadrokkosaurus bradyi from the early Middle Triassic of Arizona, and a phylogenetic analysis of lower jaw characters in temnospondyl amphibians
Fig. 2. Temnospondyl amphibian Hadrokkosaurus bradyi (Welles, 1947), holotype (UCMP 36199), early Anisian, northeastern Arizona. Stereopair of anterior part of lower jaw in mesial view; note large postsymphyseal foramen.
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