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31 results for “macrofossils”
Macrofossil Characteristics of Soil from Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE) from July 2003 to February 2006
These data represent the results of macrofossil analyses on soil cores from Shark Slough sites, including FCE LTER sites SRS2, SRS3 and SRS4 and FCE related site NE-SRS1 from July 24,2003 to February 26, 2006. Soils from 1-cm depth increments were analyzed for macrofossil content (mainly seeds). These analyses contribute to a paleoecological study to quantify past changes in vegetation and soil accumulation in relation to past climate variation, fire occurrences and water management.
Isotopic Variation of Soil Macrofossils from Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE) in December 2004
These data represent stable isotopic signatures of selected macrofossils from soil cores from Shark Slough sites, including FCE LTER site SRS3. Soils from 1-cm depth increments were analyzed for macrofossil content (mainly seeds) and seeds were processed for d13C and d15N isotopic signatures. These analyses contribute to a paleoecological study to quantify past changes in vegetation and soil accumulation in relation to past climate variation, fire occurrences and water management.
Burned soil surface radiocarbon values for moss macrofossils plucked from the Anaktuvuk River Fire sites
We used radiocarbon dating of the organic soil surface remaining post-fire to examine whether the fire burned into ancient and likely irreplaceable soil C pools. Suprisingly, it did not; all radiocarbon dates from burned soil surfaces contained bomb carbon, setting the maximum age of the burned soil surfaces at ~50 years.
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils. in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome
Text-fig. 1. a: Po Plain and foothills of the Northern Apennine in Northern Italy (inset) with the location of Oriolo (black star) and other Early and Middle Pleistocene plant localities, Enza and Stirone. Red lines indicate the frontal thrust arcs (modified from Martinetto et al. 2015). b: The "La Salita" section, Oriolo and chronology of the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles based on large mammals and palaeomagnetic correlation (modified from Toniato et al. 2017; IMMS 2020* [Italian Mediterranean Marine Stages] updated from Cohen and Gibbars 2020; GTS 2021* [Global Time Scale] updated from Head et al. 2021). c: Quarry "La Salita", Oriolo, in 1987. Main unconformities (U) separating the two "Sabbie gialle" cycles and terrestrial deposits on top are shown. Leaf symbols indicate the positions of some of the layers rich in fossil leaves (photo by G. B. Vai, modified). d: Surroundings of Faenza with the location of Oriolo and adjacent coeval sites yielding plant macrofossils.
Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT- in Late Messinian Flora From The Post-Evaporitic Deposits Of The Piedmont Basin (Northwest Italy)
Text-fig. 3. Examples of plant macrofossil assemblages from post-evaporitic sections. a: bedding plane from Ciabòt Cagna covered by impressions of plant parts, with dominance of leaves of cf. Oleinites liguricus M.SACHSE, MCEA-P05038. b: waterloggedcompressed seeds of Toddalia latisiliquata (R.LUDW.) H.-J.GREGOR sieved out of a bulk sediment sample from Pollenzo, MGPTPU141033. c: millimeter-sized, waterlogged-compressed seeds of Sambucus pulchella C.REID et E.REID with abundant cracks, probably formed during both diagenesis and extraction of the fossils (bulk sediment sample from Ciabòt Cagna), MGPT-
Text-fig. 5. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MPwarm. For legend see Text-fig. 3. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 5. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MPwarm. For legend see Text-fig. 3.
Text-fig. 4. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAP. For legend see Text-fig. 3. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 4. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAP. For legend see Text-fig. 3.
Text-fig. 1. Location of the Tossignano and Monte Tondo sites in the Romagna Apennines (modified after Lugli et al. 2010). 1 – Tossignano quarry, 2 – Monte Tondo quarry. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 1. Location of the Tossignano and Monte Tondo sites in the Romagna Apennines (modified after Lugli et al. 2010). 1 – Tossignano quarry, 2 – Monte Tondo quarry.
Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 3. CA climate charts for the Monte Tondo and Tossignano floras, showing climatic ranges of the Nearest Living Relatives of the fossil taxa with respect to MAT. Right-hand positoned large bold figures and shaded areas in each case indicate the Coexistence Interval, with the number of overlapping taxa being at a maximum.
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphy of western part of the Romagna Apennines (after Roveri et al. 2006). Symbol "arrow" – stratigraphical position of the studied floras of Tossignano and Monte Tondo. in Palaeoenvironmental Analysis Of The Messinian Macrofossil Floras Of Tossignano And Monte Tondo (Vena Del Gesso Basin, Romagna Apennines, Northern Italy)
Text-fig. 2. Stratigraphy of western part of the Romagna Apennines (after Roveri et al. 2006). Symbol "arrow" – stratigraphical position of the studied floras of Tossignano and Monte Tondo.
Fig. 3 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 3. Interpretative drawing of the strobilus fragment in Fig. 2A, showing the loose, helical arrangement of sporophylls and sporophyll scars.
Fig. 2 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 2. Pleuromeialean lycophyte reproductive structures from the Upper Triassic of the "Alfie's Elbow" site, central Transantarctic Mountains. A. Articulated fragment of a strobilus. Individual sporophylls can be recognized by the longitudinal striations on the abaxial surface (compare Fig. 2B, C; see Fig. 3). B. Isolated sporophyll, abaxial surface. C. Same sporophyll as Fig. 2B, but after manual preparation, showing globose adaxial sporangium (s) beneath the sporophyll. D, E. Sporangia. F. Cluster of megaspores. G. Megaspores showing trilete marks and curvaturae (arrows). H–J. Distal faces of megaspores showing variation in surface ornamentation or preservation, including verrucate, conate, and echinate patterns.
Fig. 5. Pleuromeialean lycophyte leaf Mesenteriophyllum serratum Sixtel, 1961 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 5. Pleuromeialean lycophyte leaf Mesenteriophyllum serratum Sixtel, 1961 from the Triassic Madygen Formation, Kyrgyz Republic. Modified from Sixtel (1961). Leaf width up to ~12 mm.
Fig. 6 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 6. Known palaeogeographic distribution of Mesenteriophyllum Sixtel, 1961 in the northern and southern hemisphere Triassic. Palaeogeography after Golonka (2007).
Fig. 4. Pleuromeialean lycophyte leaf Mesenteriophyllum serratum Sixtel, 1961 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 4. Pleuromeialean lycophyte leaf Mesenteriophyllum serratum Sixtel, 1961 from the Upper Triassic of the "Alfie's Elbow" site, central Transantarctic Mountains. A. Two overlying leaf fragments recognizable primarily by the distinct serrate appearance of the leaf margins. B. Detail of A showing serrate appearance of margins. C. Detail of leaf margin with alternating transverse ridges and furrows, and preserved cell pattern. Note longitudinal striae (s), circular holes on central leaf portion (some marked with arrows), and vertical alignment of transversely elongated epidermal cells (e) on leaf margin. D. Detail of leaf margin with cellular preservation, showing transversely elongated cells aligned in vertical rows. E. Detail of longitudinal striae on central leaf portion. F, G. Orthogonal pattern of epidermal cells in central leaf portion, visible only in places where carbonized cuticle layer is lifted off.
Fig. 1 in Macrofossil evidence for pleuromeialean lycophytes from the Triassic of Antarctica
Fig. 1. Geographic location (A–C) and lithological column (D) of the plant−bearing succession at "Alfie's Elbow"; arrow indicates the position of the bed from which the present material was collected. Lithological column after Axsmith et al. (2000).
Macrofossils in sediments from Genggahai Lake on the Tibetan Plateau
<p>The data include the remains of Macrofossils from the genghai sedimentary core since nearly 16 Ka. Based on the selection and identification of submerged plants, Cladocera and diatom fossils in the sediments, the changes of the main aquatic communities in the lake were analyzed. </p>
Data from: X-rays and virtual taphonomy resolve the first Cissus (Vitaceae) macrofossils from Africa as early diverging members of the genus
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Fossilized seeds similar to Cissus (Vitaceae) have been recognized from the Miocene of Kenya, though some were previously assigned to the Menispermaceae. We undertook a comparative survey of extant African Cissus seeds to identify the fossils and consider their implications for the evolution and biogeography of Cissus and for African early Miocene paleoenvironments. METHODS: Micro-computed tomography (µCT) and synchrotron-based X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) were used to study seed morphology and anatomy. Virtual taphonomy, using SRXTM data sets, produced digital fossils to elucidate seed taphonomy. Phylogenetic relationships within Cissus were reconstructed using existing and newly produced DNA sequences for African species. Paleobiology and paleoecology were inferred from African nearest living relatives. KEY RESULTS: The fossils were assigned to four new Cissus species, related to four modern clades. The fossil plants were interpreted as climbers inhabiting a mosaic of riverine woodland and forest to more open habitats. Virtual taphonomy explained how complex mineral infill processes concealed key seed features, causing the previous taxonomic misidentification. Newly sampled African species, with seeds most similar to the fossils, belong to four clades within core Cissus, two of which are early diverging. CONCLUSIONS: Virtual taphonomy, combined with X-ray imaging, has enabled recognition of the first fossil Cissus and Vitaceae from Africa. Early-divergent members of the core Cissus clade were present in Africa by at least the early Miocene, with an African origin suggested for the Cissus sciaphila clade. The fossils provide supporting evidence for mosaic paleoenvironments inhabited by early Miocene hominoids.
Data from: Reliability of macrofossils in woodrat (Neotoma) middens for detecting low-density tree populations
Macrofossils from woodrat (Neotoma) middens serve as an important proxy for reconstructing past vegetation in arid and semiarid regions of North America. The presence/absence of plant macrofossils in middens can provide valuable information on temporal and spatial patterns of plant migration and range boundaries. The primary aim of this study was to determine how local plant abundance, distance of plant populations from midden sites, and species population density on the landscape affect the probability of occurrence of macrofossils in middens. The study was designed with the primary intent of determining the reliability of middens in detecting scattered populations of Pinus ponderosa. We analyzed macrofossil assemblages from 42 modern woodrat middens from West Carrizo Canyon in southeastern Colorado, near the current eastern range margin of Pinus ponderosa. We compared midden contents with composition of the surrounding vegetation, measuring distance from the midden to the nearest individual of selected plant species, and the percent cover of each species within 30 m of the midden. We used this information to model the probability of species presence in a midden across a range of population densities on the landscape. Macrofossils of Juniperus spp., Quercus gambelii, and Opuntia spp. were consistently found in middens regardless of their local abundance in vegetation, although populations occurred within 30 m of all middens. Pinus edulis and P. ponderosa occurred in nearly all middens within 20-30 m of individual trees. P. ponderosa was rare in middens >20-30 m away from individual trees. Results of a simple simulation model suggest that middens become absolutely reliable indicators of P. ponderosa presence on the landscape only when average tree density exceeds 50 stems ha-1. Woodrats reliably collected macrofossils of Pinus edulis, P. ponderosa, Juniperus spp., Quercus gambelii, and Opuntia spp. when populations of these taxa occur within 20-30 m of a midden site. Woodrats did not collect P. ponderosa when the nearest individuals were more than 30 m away. Low-density populations of these and other species may be difficult to detect in fossil woodrat-midden series owing to reduced probability that individuals grow within foraging distance of the middens. Data from this and similar studies can be used to construct and parameterize a forward model of macrofossil representation in woodrat middens.
Data from: Proxy comparison in ancient peat sediments: pollen, macrofossil and plant DNA
We compared DNA, pollen and macrofossil data obtained from Weichselian interstadial and Holocene (maximum age 8400 cal yr BP) peat sediments from northern Europe and used them to reconstruct contemporary floristic compositions at two sites. The majority of the samples provided plant DNA sequences of good quality with success amplification rates depending on age. DNA and sequencing analysis provided five plant taxa from the older site and nine taxa from the younger site, corresponding to 7% and 15% of the total number of taxa identified by the three proxies together. At both sites, pollen analysis detected the largest (54) and DNA the lowest (10) number of taxa, but five of the DNA taxa were not detected by pollen and macrofossils. The finding of a larger overlap between DNA and pollen than between DNA and macrofossils proxies seems to go against our previous suggestion based on lacustrine sediments that DNA originates principally from plant tissues and less from pollen. At both sites, we also detected Quercus spp. DNA, but few pollen grains were found in the record, and these are normally interpreted as long-distance dispersal. We confirm that in palaeoecological investigations, sedimentaryDNA analysis is less comprehensive than classical morphological analysis, but is a complementary and important tool to obtain a more complete picture of past flora.
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