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33 results for “mammal carnivores”
FIGURE 14 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 14. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of total length to proximal epiphysis breadth in late pleistocene-holocene Capreolus capreolus phalanx II. Middle Pleistocene locality: Kozi Grzbiet and Miesenheim 1. Late middle and late Pleistocene locality: Weimar Ehringsdorf, Biśnik Cave, Chlupáč Cave and Deszczowa Cave. Postglacial and Holocene locality: Biśnik Cave (uppermost layers), Jasna Strzegowska Cave and Poland in general. Data from Stefaniak (2015) and references therein.
FIGURE 13 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 13. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of lower carnassial (m1) length (Lm1) and breadth (B m1) in late Pleistocene and Recent Mustela nivalis from Poland. The Solna Jama Cave specimen displays a moderately large size, with the length of m1 less than 4 mm, typical of the late Pleistocene and postglacial period.
FIGURE 12 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 12. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of total calvarium length to zygomatic breadth in extant Mustela nivalis from Poland, compared with the fossil specimen from Solna Jama Cave.
FIGURE 11 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 11. Skulls of Mustela nivalis from Poland: recent specimens (1-3) and the fossil from Solna Jama Cave (4). 1, robust, adult male; 2, adult female; 3, young, adult female; and 4, adult female. Note fully developed sagittal crest in individual from Solna Jama Cave, indicating fully mature age. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 7. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of m1 trigonid breadth (B tri) to m1 talonid breadth (B tal) in the forms of Gulo: G. schlosseri and G. gulo. Data from Döppes (2001): late Pleistocene G. gulo and recent G. gulo; data from Marciszak (2012): G. schlosseri and late Pleistocene G. gulo (part).
FIGURE 4 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 4. Gulo gulo cranium from Solna Jama Cave (JSJ/Gg/1-1) in dorsal view (left) compared with a cranium from a large modern male from Scandinavia (right) from collection of Natural History Museum University of Wrocław (coll. no. M/500328). Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 10 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 10. Scatter diagram showing the ratio of mandiblar height (measured after m1) to m1 length in fossil and extant Mustela eversmanii and Mu. putorius. Data from Marciszak (2012) and references therein.
FIGURE 6 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 6. Metacarpals (mtcp) and metatarsals (mtts) of Gulo gulo from Solna Jama Cave. From left to right: right mtcp III (JSJ/Gg/1-29), left mtcp V (JSJ/GG/1-31), left mtts II (JSJ/Gg/1-33), left mtts III (JSJ/Gg/1-34), left mtts IV (JSJ/Gg/1-35) and right mtts V (JSJ/Gg/1-36). Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 9. Right mandible of Mustela eversmanii (JSJ/Mev/1) from Solna Jama Cave. Note relatively short and robust body mandible and massiveness of the symphysal area. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 5. Gulo gulo cranium from Solna Jama Cave (JSJ/Gg/1-1) in ventral view (left) compared with a cranium from a large modern male from Scandinavia (right) from collection of Natural History Museum University of Wrocław (coll. no. M/500328). Note particularly powerful dentition of the individual from Solna Jama Cave in comparison with recent G. gulo. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
FIGURE 8 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 8. Occurrence of members of the genus Gulo in the late Quaternary of Poland (after Marciszak, 2012 and references therein). Red dot: Gulo schlosseri; black dot: G. gulo from late middle Pleistocene (3-5) and late Pleistocene-Holocene (3-12). Localities: 1, Żabia Cave; 2, Kozi Grzbiet; 3, Biśnik Cave; 4, Cave no. 4 on the Birów Hill; 5, Deszczowa Cave; 6, Nietoperzowa Cave, Ciemna Cave; 7, Mamutowa Cave; 8, Borsuka Cave; 9, Cave in Czarkowa; 10, Niedźwiedzia Cave; 11, Północna Duża Cave, Naciekowa Cave; and 12, Solna Jama Cave.
FIGURE 2 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 2. Environs of Solna Jama Cave entrance (1), showing the fissured crystalline limestones, in which the cave developed. The "Wolverine Niche" (2) and the corrosion, phreatic features of the cave passage (3). The "Wolverine Niche" is the place in the cave, where partially preserved skeleton of particularly large Gulo gulo was found (Photo by K. Stefaniak).
FIGURE 1 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 1. Location of Solna Jama Cave in Europe indicated by red star (1), in Poland marked by red square (2), in the environs of Gniewoszów village indicated by red star (3) and map of the site (4) after Pulina (1996) and Stefaniak et al. (2009).
FIGURE 3. Ursus arctos priscus m2 in Large mammals (carnivores, artiodactyls) from Solna Jama Cave (Bystrzyckie Mts, Southwestern Poland) in the context of faunal changes in the postglacial period of Central Europe
FIGURE 3. Ursus arctos priscus m2 (JSJ/Ua/1) from Solna Jama Cave in occlusal view. Note robust build and arctoid shape of tooth, with only slightly expanded, buccal margin of the talonid. Scale bar equals 10 mm.
Data from: Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world
The middle Eocene Washakie Formation of Wyoming, USA, provides a rare window, within a single depositional basin, into the faunal transition that followed the early Eocene warming events. Based on extensive examination, we report a minimum of 27 species of carnivorous mammals from this formation, more than doubling the previous taxic count. Included in this revised list are a new species of carnivoraform, <i>Neovulpavus mccarrolli</i>, and up to ten other possibly new taxa. Our cladistic analysis of early Carnivoraformes incorporating new data clarified the array of middle Eocene taxa that are closely related to crown-group Carnivora. These anatomically relatively derived carnivoraforms collectively had an intercontinental distribution in North America and east Asia, exhibiting notable variations in body size and dental adaptation. This time period also saw parallel trends of increase in body-size and dental sectoriality in distantly-related lineages of carnivores spanning a wide range of body sizes. A new, model-based Bayesian analysis of diversity dynamics accounting for imperfect detection revealed a high probability of substantial loss of carnivore species between the late Bridgerian and early Uintan North American Land Mammal 'Ages', coinciding with the disappearance of formerly common mammals such as hyopsodontids and adapiform primates. Concomitant with this decline in carnivore diversity, the Washakie vertebrate fauna underwent significant disintegration as measured by patterns of coordinated detection of taxa at the locality level. These observations are consistent with a major biomic transition in the region in response to climatically-induced opening-up of forested habitats.
Data for Multidimensional diversity drives stability of mammal communities with large carnivores in temperate forests
<p>R code and data for Multidimensional diversity drives stability of mammal communities with large carnivores in temperate forests</p>
Data from: Carnivorous mammals from the middle Eocene Washakie Formation, Wyoming, USA, and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world
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Data from:Identifying cryptic mammals with non-invasive methods: An effective molecular species identification tool to survey southern African terrestrial carnivores
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Data from: Homogenisation of carnivorous mammal ensembles caused by global range reductions of large-bodied hypercarnivores during the late Quaternary
Carnivorous mammals play crucial roles in ecosystems by influencing prey densities and behaviour, and recycling carrion. Yet, the influence of carnivores on global ecosystems has been affected by extinctions and range contractions throughout the Late Pleistocene and Holocene (~130 000 years ago to the current). Large-bodied mammals were particularly affected, but how dietary strategies influenced species' susceptibility to geographic range reductions remains unknown. We investigated 1) the importance of dietary strategies in explaining range reductions of carnivorous mammals (≥5% vertebrate meat consumption), and 2) differences in functional diversity of continental carnivore ensembles by comparing current, known ranges to current, expected ranges under a present-natural counterfactual scenario. The present-natural counterfactual estimates current mammal ranges had modern humans not expanded out of Africa during the Late Pleistocene and were not a main driver of extinctions and range contractions, alongside changing climates. Ranges of large-bodied hypercarnivorous mammals are currently smaller than expected, compared to smaller-bodied carnivorous mammals that consume less vertebrate meat. This resulted in consistent differences in continental functional diversity, whereby current ensembles of carnivorous mammals have undergone homogenisation through structural shifts towards smaller-bodied insectivorous and herbivorous species. The magnitude of ensemble structural shift varied among continents, with Australia experiencing the greatest difference. Weighting functional diversity by species' geographic range sizes caused a three-fold greater shift in ensemble centroids than when using presence-absence alone. Conservation efforts should acknowledge current reductions in the potential geographic ranges of large-bodied hypercarnivores and aim to restore functional roles in carnivore ensembles, where possible, across continents.
Figure 3 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 3. Mandible shape variation along the first three relative warps (RW). A, relative warp 1 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; B, relative warp 2 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; C, relative warp 1 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups; D, relative warp 2 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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