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21 results for “mandible shape”
Functional constraints channel mandible shape ontogenies in rodents
<p>In mammals, postnatal growth plays an essential role in the acquisition of the adult shape. During this period, the mandible undergoes many changing functional constraints, leading to spatialization of bone formation and remodelling to accommodate various dietary and behavioural changes. The interactions between the bone, muscles and teeth drive this developmental plasticity, which, in turn, could lead to convergences in the developmental processes constraining the directionality of ontogenies, their evolution and thus the adult shape variation. To test the importance of the interactions between tissues in shaping the ontogenetic trajectories, we compared the mandible shape at five postnatal stages on three rodents: the house mouse, the Mongolian gerbil and the golden hamster, using geometric morphometrics. After an early shape differentiation, either by longer gestation and allometric scaling in gerbils or early divergence of postnatal ontogeny in hamsters in comparison to the mouse, the ontogenetic trajectories appear more similar around weaning. The changes in muscle load associated to new food processing and new behaviours at weaning seem to impose similar physical constraints on the mandible driving the convergences of the ontogeny at that stage despite an early anatomical differentiation. Nonetheless, mice present a rather different timing compared to gerbils or hamsters.</p>
Bite force transmission and mandible shape in grasshoppers, crickets, and allies is not driven by dietary niches
<p>This is the R code and raw data to reproduce the analyses of the manuscript "Bite force transmission and mandible shape in grasshoppers, crickets, and allies is not driven by dietary niches"</p>
Landmark coordinates from: Dubied et al. Commonalities and evolutionary divergences of mandible shape ontogenies in rodents
<p>In mammals, significant changes take place during postnatal growth, linked to changes in diet (from sucking to gnawing). During this period, mandible development is highly interconnected with muscle growth and the epigenetic interactions between muscle and bone control the spatialization of bone formation and remodeling in response to biomechanical strain. This mechanism contributes to postnatal developmental plasticity, and may have influenced the course of evolutionary divergences between species and clades. We sought to model postnatal changes at a macroevolutionary scale by analyzing ontogenetic trajectories of mandible shape across 16 species belonging mainly to two suborders of Rodents, Myomorpha and Hystricomorpha, which differ in muscle attachments, tooth growth, and life-history traits. Myomorpha species present a much stronger magnitude of changes over a shorter growth period. Among Hystricomorpha, part of the observed adult shape is set up prenatally, and most postnatal trajectories are genus-specific, which agrees with non-linear developmental trajectories over longer gestational periods. Beside divergence at large scale, we find some collinearities between evolutionary and developmental trajectories. A common developmental trend was also observed, leading to enlargement of the masseter fossa during postnatal growth. The tooth growth, especially hypselodonty, seems to be a major driver of divergences of postnatal trajectories. These muscle- and tooth-related effects on postnatal trajectories suggest opportunities for developmental plasticity in the evolution of the mandible shape, opportunities that may have differed across Rodent clades.</p>
Landmark coordinates from: Dubied et al. Commonalities and evolutionary divergences of mandible shape ontogenies in rodents
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Functional constraints channel mandible shape ontogenies in rodents
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Linking shape conspicuous asymmetry with shape covariation patterns and performance in the insect head and mandibles
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Head and mandible shapes are highly integrated yet represent two distinct modules within and among worker sub-castes of the ant genus Pheidole
<p>Ants use their mandibles for a wide variety of tasks related to substrate manipulation, brood transport, food processing, and colony defence. Due to constraints involved in colony upkeep, ants evolved a remarkable diversity of mandibular forms, often related to specific roles such as specialized hunting and seed milling. Considering these varied functional demands, we focused on understanding how the mandible and head shape vary within and between <em>Pheidole </em>sub-castes. Using x-ray microtomography and 3D geometric morphometrics, we tested if these structures are integrated and modular, and how ecological predictors influenced these features. Our results showed that mandible and head shape of majors and minor workers tend to vary from robust to slender, with some more complex changes related to the mandibular base. Additionally, we found that head and mandible shapes are characterized by a high degree of integration, but with little correlation with feeding and nesting habits. Our results suggest that a combination of structural (allometric) constraints and the behavioural flexibility conferred by caste dimorphism might largely buffer selective pressures that would otherwise lead to a fine-tuning between ecological conditions and morphological adaptation.</p>
Comparative 3D Shape Analysis of the Iwo Eleru Mandible, Nigeria
<pre>The uploaded dataset contains IDs, grouping information and landmark data of fossil individuals included in the publication "Comparative 3D Shape Analysis of the Iwo Eleru Mandible, Nigeria" in PaleoAnthropology.<br><br>The remaining comparative samples of South African modern humans can be obtained by emailing K. Harvati directly upon permission from the their respecitve repositories. The catalogue numbers of these comparative samples and respective repositories are listed in Supplementary Table 1 of the manuscript. </pre> <p> </p>
Figure 3 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 3. Mandible shape variation along the first three relative warps (RW). A, relative warp 1 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; B, relative warp 2 versus 3 showing the distribution of diet classes; C, relative warp 1 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups; D, relative warp 2 versus 3, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
Figure 2 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 2. Mandible shape variation along the first four relative warps (RW). A, relative warp 1 versus 2, showing the distribution of diet classes; B, relative warp 3 versus 4, showing the distribution of diet classes; C, relative warp 1 versus 2, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups; D, relative warp 3 versus 4, showing the distribution of taxonomic groups. Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
Figure 1 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 1. Lateral view of a Canis lupus mandible showing the landmarks and semilandmarks used. Squares, landmarks; X, semilandmarks; 1, caudal extreme of the condyle; 2, most concave point of the mandibular notch; 3, dorso-caudal angle of the coronoid process; 4–11, semilandmarks; 12, distal extreme of the lower carnassial; 13, distal border of the protoconid projected to the base of the crown; 14, mesial border of the lower carnassial; 15, distal extreme of the c1; 16, mesial extreme of the c1; 17–28, semilandmarks; 29, anterior border of the masseteric fosa.
Figure 5 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 5. Canonical analysis of variance of taxonomic groups and diet classes. A, dietary discrimination in marsupials (factor 1 versus 2); B, discrimination of main Carnivora clades (factor 1 versus 2); C, discrimination of main Caniformia clades (factor 1 versus 2); D, discrimination of main Feliformia clades (factor 1 versus 2). Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
Figure 7 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 7. Allometric relationship between mandible shape and size. Consensus configuration is in the middle, shape of the largest species (Ursus arctos) to the left, and shape of the smallest species (Planigale maculate) to the right.
Figure 6 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 6. Canonical analysis of variance of taxonomic groups. A, Methateria (light grey) versus Carnivora (dark grey); B, Caniformia (dark grey) versus Feliformia (light grey).
Figure 4 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 4. Canonical analysis of variance of diet classes. A, factor 1 versus 2; B: factor 1 versus 3. Shape reconstructions show the extreme shape of each RW in black lines against the consensus shape in grey lines.
Head and mandible shapes are highly integrated yet represent two distinct modules within and among worker sub-castes of the ant genus Pheidole
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Data from: Ecological and phylogenetic influence on mandible shape variation of South American caviomorph rodents (Rodentia: Hystricomorpha)
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Table ¹: Comparison of analysis of variance results for skull (occlusal view) and mandible (side view) shape in Rhipidomys mastacalis from three vegetation classes in Brazil. Object asymmetry and correspondence methods were employed to assess asymmetry for skulls and mandibles, respectively. in Morphological symmetry of Rhipidomys mastacalis (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) in fragmented habitats of the Atlantic Forest in Northeastern Brazil: a study on the influence of the environment on an endemic species
<p><b>Table ¹:</b> Comparison of analysis of variance results for skull (occlusal view) and mandible (side view) shape in <i>Rhipidomys mastacalis</i> from three vegetation classes in Brazil.Object asymmetry and correspondence methods were employed to assess asymmetry for skulls and mandibles,respectively.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Shape procrustes ANOVA</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Effect Sum of squares</b></th><td><b>Mean squares</b></td><td><b>Degrees of freedom</b></td><td><i>F statistic</i></td><td><i>p -Value</i></td><td><b>Pillai tr.</b></td><td><i>p -Value</i></td></tr><tr><th><b>Skulls</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Forested vegetation</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.19908517</td><td>0.0004253957</td><td>468</td><td>22.36</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00366522</td><td>0.0002036232</td><td>18</td><td>10.70</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.00890443</td><td>0.0000190266</td><td>468</td><td>2.24</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.00825565</td><td>0.0000084935</td><td>972</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Occupancy mosaics in forested areas</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.37829478</td><td>0.0003965354</td><td>954</td><td>18.57</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00547536</td><td>0.0003041869</td><td>18</td><td>14.25</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.02037065</td><td>0.0000213529</td><td>954</td><td>1.89</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.02201359</td><td>0.0000113239</td><td>1944</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Cocoa plantations</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.0645902300</td><td>0.0001302222</td><td>496</td><td>5.18</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.0113531900</td><td>0.0007095741</td><td>16</td><td>28.23</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.0124666800</td><td>0.0000251344</td><td>496</td><td>1.88</td><td><0.0001</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.0136608800</td><td>0.0000133407</td><td>1024</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Mandibles</b></th></tr><tr><th><b>Forested vegetation</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.70443879</td><td>0.0012579264</td><td>560</td><td>8.10</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.16</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.00549957</td><td>0.0002749783</td><td>20</td><td>1.77</td><td>0.0207</td><td>0.0207</td><td>0.0069</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.08696012</td><td>0.0001552859</td><td>560</td><td>2.46</td><td><0.0001</td><td>10.75</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.07312665</td><td>0.0000387718</td><td>1160</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Occupancy mosaics in forested areas</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>1.19843989</td><td>0.0011984399</td><td>1000</td><td>8.16</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.70</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.01169771</td><td>0.0005848855</td><td>20</td><td>3.98</td><td><0.0001</td><td>0.74</td><td>0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.14685738</td><td>0.0001468574</td><td>1000</td><td>3.03</td><td><0.0001</td><td>11.21</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.09880745</td><td>0.0000484350</td><td>2040</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th><b>Cocoa plantations</b></th></tr><tr><th>Individual</th><td>0.3269927600</td><td>0.0004808717</td><td>680</td><td>4.52</td><td><0.0001</td><td>14.14</td><td><0.0001</td></tr><tr><th>Side</th><td>0.0143644400</td><td>0.0007182221</td><td>20</td><td>6.75</td><td><0.0001</td><td>0.86</td><td>0.0017</td></tr><tr><th>Individual × side</th><td>0.0723474900</td><td>0.0001063934</td><td>680</td><td>2.39</td><td><0.0001</td><td>10.41</td><td>0.0017</td></tr><tr><th>Error 1</th><td>0.0622041800</td><td>0.0000444316</td><td>1400</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table>
Figure 8 in Mandible shape in marsupial and placental carnivorous mammals: a morphological comparative study using geometric morphometrics
Figure 8. Simplified phylogeny showing the optimization of mandible shape on the main clades.
Data from: Divergent in shape and convergent in function: adaptive evolution of the mandible in Sub-Antarctic mice
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