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21 results for “mandrills”
Data From: what mandrills leave behind: using fecal samples to characterize the major histocompatibility complex in a threatened primate
<p>The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) can be useful in guiding conservation planning because of its influence on immunity, fitness, and reproductive ecology in vertebrates. The mandrill (<em>Mandrillus sphinx</em>) is a threatened primate endemic to central Africa. Considerable research in this species has shown that the MHC is important for disease resistance, mate choice, and reproductive success. However, all previous MHC research in mandrills has focused on an inbred semi-captive population, so their genetic diversity may have been underestimated. Here we expand our current knowledge of mandrill MHC variation by performing next-generation sequencing of non-invasively collected fecal samples from a large wild horde in central Gabon. We observe MHC lineages and alleles shared with other primates, and we uncover 45 putative new class II MHC DRB alleles, including representatives of the DRB9 pseudogene, which has not previously been identified in mandrills. We also document methodological challenges associated with fecal samples in NGS-based MHC research. Even with high read depth, the replicability of alleles from fecal samples was lower than that of tissue samples, and allele assignments are inconsistent between sample types. Further, the common assumption that variants with very high read depth should represent true alleles does not appear to be reliable for fecal samples. Nevertheless, the use of degraded DNA in the present study still enabled significant progress in quantifying immunogenetic diversity and its evolution in wild primates.</p>
Fig. 5 in A longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in freeranging mandrills
Fig. 5. Influence of P. gonderi prevalence on N/L ratio in female (F) and male (M) mandrills aged 4–16yrs (a) and of P. mandrilli parasitaemia in young animals (b). (a) Means and standard errors of the mean calculated from raw values are represented. Sample sizes are provided for each category. (b) For clarity sake, we distinguished two categories of individuals: animals that were younger than the average (< 9.1 yrs) observed in the data set analyzed and those that were older (≥9.1 yrs). Preliminary observations indicated no relationship between N/L ratio and P. mandrilli parasitaemia in old individuals (not represented), we therefore chose to present visible effects in young animals only.
Fig. 4 in A longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in freeranging mandrills
Fig. 4. Influence of P. gonderi parasitaemia on female's (a) and male's (b) skin temperatures. Raw values are represented.
Fig. 2 in A longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in freeranging mandrills
Fig. 2. Kernel density estimates for the distribution of ages across all studied individuals (dashed green line) and those infected by P. mandrilli (solid blue line) and P. gonderi (dashed red line). (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in A longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in freeranging mandrills
Fig. 1. Annual patterns of prevalences (a) and parasitaemia (number of copies/ μl of blood; b) for the two studied Plasmodium species. Means and standard errors of the mean calculated from raw values are represented. For parasitaemia, outliers were excluded from mean calculations to allow visible interannual comparisons. We excluded four values for P. mandrilli (30,929, 134,387, 273,424, 1,267,280 copies) and four values for P. gonderi (78,322, 100,182, 767,718, 2,551,395 copies), all these elevated parasitaemia were measured in 2015, except one value measured in 2014 for P. mandrilli.
Fig. 3 in Ecological, parasitological and individual determinants of plasma neopterin levels in a natural mandrill population
Fig. 3. Plasma neopterin concentrations (raw values) in relation to P. Gonderi parasitaemia in adult males.
Fig. 1 in Ecological, parasitological and individual determinants of plasma neopterin levels in a natural mandrill population
Fig. 1. Plasma neopterin concentrations (raw values) in relation to individual sex. The bottom and top of the box respectively represent the 25th and 75th quartiles, and the bold horizontal line the median. Whiskers show the interquartile range. Open squares indicate the mean of the distribution. Comparisons are denoted by "*" if significant.
Data From: what mandrills leave behind: using fecal samples to characterize the major histocompatibility complex in a threatened primate
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Mandrill mothers associate with infants who look like their own offspring using phenotype matching
<p>Behavioral discrimination of kin is a key process structuring social relationships in animals. In this study, we provide a first example of discrimination towards non-kin by third-parties through a mechanism of phenotype matching. In mandrills, we recently demonstrated increased facial resemblance among paternally-related juvenile and adult females indicating adaptive opportunities for paternal kin recognition. Here, we hypothesize that mothers use offspring's facial resemblance with other infants to guide offspring's social opportunities towards similarly-looking ones. Using deep learning for face recognition in 80 wild mandrill infants, we first show that infants born to the same father or conceived during the tenure of the same alpha male resemble each other the most, independently of their age, sex or maternal origin, extending previous results to the youngest age class. Using long-term behavioral observations on association patterns and controlling for matrilineal origin, maternal relatedness and infant age and sex, we then demonstrate that, as hypothesized, mothers are spatially closer to infants that resemble their own offspring more, thereby facilitating associations among similar-looking infants. Using theoretical modeling, we describe a plausible evolutionary process whereby mothers gain fitness benefits by promoting nepotism among paternally related infants. This mechanism, that we call "second order kin selection", may extend beyond mother-infant interactions and has the potential to explain cooperative behaviors among non-kin in social species, including humans.</p>
Sexual coercion in a natural mandrill population
<p>Each prediction (and the test for male aggression ~ rank) corresponds to a differrent table and R script. The legends of the tables are within the corresponding script.</p> <p> </p>
An early-life challenge: becoming an older sibling in wild mandrills
<p>In monotocous mammals, most individuals experience the birth of a younger sibling. This period may induce losses in maternal care and can be physiologically, energetically and emotionally challenging for the older sibling, yet has rarely been studied in wild primates. We used behavioural data collected from a natural population of mandrills to investigate changes in maternal care and mother-juvenile relationship throughout the transition to siblinghood (TTS), by comparing juveniles who recently experienced the birth of a younger sibling, to juveniles who did not. We found that the TTS was associated with an abrupt cessation of the weaning process for the juvenile, and to a decrease in maternal affiliation. Juveniles' reactions were sex-specific, as males associated less with their mother, while females tended to groom their mother more often after the birth of their sibling. Despite the substantial loss of maternal care juveniles did not show an increase in conflict or anxiety-related behaviours. This study contributes to explain why short interbirth intervals often pose a risk to juveniles' survival in monotocous primates. Our results contrast existing studies and further highlights the importance of examining the TTS in species and populations with various life histories and ecologies.</p>
Mother-to-daughter transmission of hygiene in mandrills
<p>Social animals are particularly exposed to infectious diseases. Pathogen-driven selection pressure has thus favoured the evolution of behavioural adaptations to decrease transmission risk, such as "social distancing". Yet, such strategy might deprive individuals from valuable social interactions, generating a cost-benefit trade-off between pathogen avoidance and social opportunities. Recent studies revealed that hosts differ in the expression of these behavioural defences but the determinants driving such inter-individual variation remain poorly understood. Using 5 years of detailed behavioural and parasite data obtained on a large natural population of non-human primates, we show that, during grooming interactions, some female mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) consistently avoid their conspecifics' peri-anal region, where oro-faecally transmitted gastro-intestinal parasites accumulate, while others do not. This hygienic trait is further highly repeatable across the years and hygienic females are less parasitized on average than non-hygienic females. While age, dominance rank and sociality level do not influence hygienic tendencies, close maternal kin exhibit similar levels of hygiene suggesting social inheritance from mothers to daughters. Our study thus emphasizes that social inheritance of hygienic tendencies may structure behavioural resistance to pathogens in host populations, with unforeseen consequences on the dynamics of infectious diseases.</p>
An early-life challenge: becoming an older sibling in wild mandrills
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Mandrill mothers associate with infants who look like their own offspring using phenotype matching
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Data from: Seasonality in daily movement patterns of mandrills revealed by combining direct tracking and camera traps
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Mother-to-daughter transmission of hygiene in mandrills
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On following pages: 25. Golden-bellied Mangabey (Cercocebus chrysogaster); 26. Sanje River Mangabey (Cercocebus 29. Red-capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus); 30. Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx); 31. Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus 34. Johnston's Mangabey (Lophocebus johnstoni); 35. Ugandan Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus ugandae); 36. Northern opdenboschi); 38. Kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji). sanjei); 27. Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys); 28. White-naped Mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus);); 32. Gray-cheeked Mangabey (Lophocebus albigena); 33. Rusty-mantled Mangabey (Lophocebus osmani): Black Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus); 37. Southern Black Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus in Cercopithecidae
On following pages: 25. Golden-bellied Mangabey (Cercocebus chrysogaster); 26. Sanje River Mangabey (Cercocebus 29. Red-capped Mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus); 30. Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx); 31. Drill (Mandrillus leucophaeus 34. Johnston's Mangabey (Lophocebus johnstoni); 35. Ugandan Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus ugandae); 36. Northern opdenboschi); 38. Kipunji (Rungwecebus kipunji). sanjei); 27. Sooty Mangabey (Cercocebus atys); 28. White-naped Mangabey (Cercocebus lunulatus);); 32. Gray-cheeked Mangabey (Lophocebus albigena); 33. Rusty-mantled Mangabey (Lophocebus osmani): Black Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus aterrimus); 37. Southern Black Crested Mangabey (Lophocebus
Mandrillus face database: Portrait pictures of the population of wild mandrills from Bakoumba (Gabon)
<p>Behavioral discrimination of kin is a key process structuring social relationships in animals. In this study, we provide evidence for discrimination towards non-kin by third parties through a mechanism of phenotype matching. In mandrills, we recently demonstrated increased facial resemblance among paternally-related juvenile and adult females indicating adaptive opportunities for paternal kin recognition. Here, we hypothesize that mandrill mothers use offspring's facial resemblance with other infants to guide offspring's social opportunities towards similar-looking ones. Using deep learning for face recognition in 80 wild mandrill infants, we first show that infants sired by the same father resemble each other the most, independently of their age, sex, or maternal origin, extending previous results to the youngest age class. Using long-term behavioral observations on association patterns, and controlling for matrilineal origin, maternal relatedness, and infant age and sex, we then show, as hypothesized, that mothers are spatially closer to infants that resemble their own offspring more, and that this maternal behavior leads to similar-looking infants being spatially associated. We then discuss the different scenarios explaining this result, arguing that adaptive maternal behavior is a likely explanation. In support of this mechanism and using theoretical modeling, we finally describe a plausible evolutionary process whereby mothers gain fitness benefits by promoting nepotism among paternally related infants. This mechanism, which we call "second-order kin selection", may extend beyond mother-infant interactions and has the potential to explain cooperative behaviors among non-kin in other social species, including humans.</p>
Mandrillus face database: Portrait pictures of the population of wild mandrills from Bakoumba (Gabon)
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Fig. 3. P in A longitudinal molecular study of the ecology of malaria infections in freeranging mandrills
Fig. 3. P. gonderi parasitaemia across male mandrills with different SIV statuses. SIV-: SIV-negative males; SIV+: SIV-positive males; PI: males in primo-infection. Means and standard errors of the mean calculated from raw values are represented. P-values were obtained using differences of least squares means across the three categories (LMM).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.