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58 results for “marine algae”
FIG. 2 in Molecular data and culture observations show that the microfilamentous marine alga Uronema marinum Womersley is a member of the genus Okellya Leliaert & Rueness (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)
FIG. 2. — Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of selected Cladophorales Haeckel, showing the position of the species Okellya marina (Womersley) Wetherbee, comb. nov. as sister to Okellya curvata (Printz) Leliaert & Rueness in the Okellyaceae Leliaert & Rueness family. Numbers shown at nodes represent RAxML rapid bootstrap values. The scale is in estimated substitutions per site in the concatenated 18S and 28S alignment.
FIG. 1 in Molecular data and culture observations show that the microfilamentous marine alga Uronema marinum Womersley is a member of the genus Okellya Leliaert & Rueness (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)
FIG. 1. — Okellya marina (Womersley) Wetherbee, comb. nov. (strain 56a) from New South Wales: A, tuft of filaments; B, C, newly formed filaments of two and four cells attached by a discoid holdfast (asterisks), apical cells rounded; D, larger filaments occur with dense cytoplasm; E, F, filaments showing a single pyrenoid at the center of cells (arrowheads); G, H, pyrenoids stained with iodine solution (arrowheads); I-M, elongate zoospores (s) have differentiated in an intercalary cell (I) and escape from a pore at the apical end of cells (J-M: arrows); zoospores often fail to escape through the pore and germinate inside the sporangium (K-M), occasionally even forming holdfasts (asterisk in M). Scale bars: A, 50 μm; B, D-I, 10 μm; C, J-M, 20 μm.
Figure 1 in Marine Benthic Algae from Seamounts along the Mariana Islands, Western Pacific
Figure 1. Map of the islands, reefs, banks and shoals within the Mariana Islands. Map provided by NOAA PIFSC CRED (2015).
Linked collectors and determiners for: Artsprosjektet 43-15, Norway's hidden marine biodiversity: The hunt for cryptic species within the coralline algae.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Artsprosjektet 43-15, Norway's hidden marine biodiversity: The hunt for cryptic species within the coralline algae". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0">https://bionomia.net/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0">https://gbif.org/dataset/aef3c42a-7545-439e-bf29-9e0ff95f9ae0</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
An ulvophycean marine green alga produces large parthenogenetic isogametes as predicted by the gamete dynamics model for the evolution of anisogamy
<p>In eukaryotes, the gamete size difference between the two sexes (anisogamy) evolved from gametes of equal size in both mating types (isogamy) and is plausibly claimed to generate sexual selection in morphology and behaviour. The gamete dynamics (GD) model for anisogamy evolution combines gamete limitation and competition and predicts that, if gametes of both mating types can develop parthenogenetically (i.e. without fusing with the opposite mating type), large isogamy can evolve under gamete-limited conditions. Ulvophycean marine green algae that exhibit various gametic systems from isogamy to anisogamy are important models for testing such theories. However, in most previous papers, whether a species is isogamous or anisogamous has not been examined statistically, which leaves the above theoretical prediction untested. We reveal (i) that the gametic system of <em>Struvea okamurae</em> is large isogamy using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), which accounted for the variation of gamete size among individual gametophytes, and (ii) that gametes of this alga can actually develop parthenogenetically, contrary to a previous report. Habitat environments and gametic behaviour suggest that this alga might experience gamete-limited conditions. <em>S. okamurae</em> seems to produce large parthenogenetic isogametes following GD model predictions, as an adaptation to deep waters.</p>
Data from: A late Pleistocene marine glacial refugium in the south-west of Hainan Island, China: Phylogeographical insights from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum
Aim: Hainan Island, southern China, is characterized by rich diversity and endemism of marine organisms, yet the underpinning mechanisms and processes contributing to speciation and diversification are poorly understood. Here, the brown alga Sargassum polycystum is used as a model to identify putative marine glacial refugia and explore biogeographical patterns driven by climate change in the late Pleistocene ice ages. Location: South-East Asia. Methods: Mitochondrial cox1 and cox3 and nuclear internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS2) were obtained from 310, 325 and 313 individuals of S. polycystum (23 localities), respectively. Phylogenetic trees (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) and haplotype/ribotype networks were constructed to elucidate phylogeographical patterns. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), neutrality tests (Tajima's D and Fu & Li's D*), current (θπ) and historical (θw) genetic diversities and extended Bayesian skyline plots (EBSP) were used to estimate historical demography. Results: The populations from the south-west of Hainan Island harboured much higher genetic diversity and unique endemism in comparison with other populations in the distribution range. Sargassum polycystum experienced relatively long-term stable population size followed by a continued period of demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene. Main conclusions: Our phylogeographical evidence revealed the existence of a previously unidentified marine refugium specific to S. polycystum in the south-west of Hainan Island, China (the Central Depression of the Yinggehai Basin), along with a possible secondary refugium around the Bali Island, Indonesia. These biogeographical findings provide important insights regarding speciation, adaptation and evolution of marine organisms in South-East Asia and the conservation of unique biodiversity under climate change.
Tolerance of coralline algae to ocean warming and marine heatwaves
<p>Ocean warming (OW) and marine heatwaves (MHWs) rapidly transform marine ecosystems, especially when they impact keystone or foundation species. Foundation species such as kelps, fucoids and corals are highly sensitive to heat stress, which threatens the future of temperate seaweed forests and tropical reefs. However, functioning and resilience of these systems also rely on the less conspicuous coralline algae, whose thermal tolerances have gone largely untested. Here, we examined the sensitivity of four temperate coralline algal morphotypes from three different species to four realistic present-day and future OW and MHW scenarios (ambient [16°C constant]; ambient+MHW [16°C baseline + a symmetric two-week heatwave with a peak intensity of 18.7°C]; future [18.7°C constant]; future+MHW [18.7°C baseline + a symmetric two-week heatwave with a peak intensity of 21.4°C]). Photo-physiology (e.g., Fv/Fm) and calcification physiology (e.g., proxies for calcifying fluid saturation state Ω CF ) were generally unaffected by the treatments, implying a high thermo-tolerance of our study species compared to other important marine foundation species. We ascribe this mainly to their photosynthetic apparatus that, unlike in other photoautotrophs, continued to function under heat stress. Experimental evidence presented here and elsewhere implies that coralline algae are likely to continue to play their crucial ecological roles in a warming ocean. Yet, such predictions are fraught with uncertainty due to the substantial gaps in our knowledge. We attempt to highlight some of these gaps and aim to present potential physiological underpinnings of their thermo-tolerance.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen fixing organelle in a marine alga
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Data from: A late Pleistocene marine glacial refugium in the south-west of Hainan Island, China: Phylogeographical insights from the brown alga Sargassum polycystum
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Tolerance of coralline algae to ocean warming and marine heatwaves
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An ulvophycean marine green alga produces large parthenogenetic isogametes as predicted by the gamete dynamics model for the evolution of anisogamy
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Figures 3–6 in Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
Figures 3–6: Dichotomaria marginata. (3) Lectotype of Corallina marginata (=Dichotomaria marginata): Ellis and Solander illustration (1786, pl. 22 figure 6). (4) Sample from St. Croix (STX032), scale bar=2 cm. (5) Section through outer cortex showing subcortical cell bearing a pair of assimilatory outer cortical cells, scale bar=25 µm. (6) Surface view of outer cortical assimilatory cells (STX054), scale bar=25 µm.
Figures 7–13 in Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
Figures 7–13: Dichotomaria huismanii sp. nov. (7) Bermuda P.B.-A. no, 1930, as Brachycladia marginata, scale bar=2 cm. (8) Holotype specimen [BDA1492]; truncated axes with emergent medullary filaments (arrows), scale bar=1 cm. (9) Paratype specimen [BDA0024]; truncated axes with emergent medullary filaments (arrows), scale bar=1 cm. (10) Transverse section of axis [BDA1709], scale bar=200 µm. (11) Surface view of outer cortical assimilatory cells [BDA0025], scale bar=25 µm. (12) Section through axis showing two subcortical cell layers bearing pairs of ovoid outer cortical assimilatory cells and medullary connections [BDA0025], scale bar=20 µm. (13) Section through cortex showing subcortical cells bearing pairs of subspherical outer cortical assimilatory cells [BDA1492], scale bar=20 µm.
Figure 1 in Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
Figure 1: Species groups in the Galaxauraceae determined with UPGMA clustering of the COI-5P genetic barcode, with Scinaia and Liagora as outgroups. Sequences generated for this study are in bold text.
Figure 2 in Notes on the marine algae of the Bermudas. 15. Dichotomaria huismanii (Galaxauraceae, Rhodophyta), a new species in the D. marginata complex from the western Atlantic
Figure 2: Phylogeny of the Galaxauraceae based on maximum-likelihood analyses of rbcL sequences. Branch values are bootstrap supports for ML (1000 replicates) followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities expressed as a percentage of support out of 1. An asterisk (*) indicates 100% support for both robustness metrics while a dash (-) indicates support values <60%. Sequences generated for this study are in bold text.
Supporting data and code for "A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae".
<p>R code and dataset for: Leite I.P., Menegotto A., Lana P.C. & Mafra Jr LL. 2022. A new look at the potential role of marine plastic debris as a global vector of toxic benthic algae. Science of the Total Environment, 838, 156262.</p>
Figure 2 in Sulfoquinovose metabolism in marine algae
Figure 2: The unknown algal metabolism converting sulfoquinovose (SQ) to 3-sulfolactaldehyde (SLA) and to other known algal products. The intermediates which were found in this study are marked in blue. The algal enzymes involved are unknown; thus we used established pathways from bacteria. Reaction: 1, SLA reductase (Denger et al. 2014); 2, hypothetical dehydratase; 3, APS transaminase (Mayer and Cook 2009); 4, SLA dehydrogenase (Felux et al. 2015); 5, SuL dehydrogenase (Rein et al. 2005); 6, SuP decarboxylase (ComDE) (Rein et al. 2005); 7, isethionate reductase (Krejčík et al. 2010; Peck et al. 2019); taurine transaminase (Laue and Cook 2000; Peck et al. 2019), 9, SAA dehydrogenase (Krejčík et al. 2008).
Figure 1 in Sulfoquinovose metabolism in marine algae
Figure 1: Catabolism of the plant sulfur lipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol to sulfoquinovose in Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655, based upon Denger (2014).
FIGURE 1 in Typification of the marine siphonous green algae Caulerpa prolifera (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)
FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskål) J.V. Lamouroux [Herbarium Forsskålii nº 878 C (barcode C–A–93369)]. © Herbarium C, reproduced with permission.
FIGURE 2 in Typification of the marine siphonous green algae Caulerpa prolifera (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta)
FIGURE 2. Lectotype of Caulerpa prolifera f. obovata J. Agardh [Herbarium Agardh at LD (LD-Ag-16391)]. © Herbarium LD, reproduced with permission.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.