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14 results for “marine food webs”
Reconstructing marine plankton food web interactions using DNA metabarcoding - Supplementary Dataset
<p>### This repository contains two separate datasets:</p> <p>1. *16S rRNA* gene dataset and<br> 2. *18S rRNA* gene dataset.</p> <p> </p> <p><br> ### The data is stored as ASV-file</p> <p>(Amplicon sequence variants) including:</p> <p>1. Exact sequence of ASV<br> 2. Taxonomic afiliation<br> 3. Read count matrix per sample sequencing library.</p> <p> </p> <p><br> ### Each dataset comes with a metadata-file.</p> <p>The metadata files contains the following variables:</p> <p>- **NGI.-Sample_ID** The Unique Sequenceing Library ID.<br> - **SAMPLE_ID** Identification of environmental *In_Situ* sample event.<br> - **SAMPLE_date** Date of sampling (YYY-MM-DD).<br> - **SAMPLE_type** Type of sample (Water or Zooplankton).<br> - **SAMPLE_method** Device used for sampling *In-Situ*.<br> - **SAMPLE_depth** Depth of sampling.<br> - **GENE** Marker gene.<br> - **INNER_primer** Primer pair ID used for PCR.<br> - **INNER_blocking** Weather blocking PNA has been used for PCR or not.</p> <p>For Zooplankton saples:<br> <br> - **SORTED_type** Taxonomic affiliation of Zooplankton (Blank for water samples).<br> - **SORTED_genus** Genus of sorted Zooplankton species (Blank for water samples).<br> - **SORTED_number** Number of individuals sorted in the sample.<br> <br> For Water samples:<br> <br> - **FILTER_poresize** Size in micrometer.<br> - **FILTER_material**<br> - **FILTER_volume** Volume of water filtered (L).</p>
Data from: Feeding environment and other traits shape species' roles in marine food webs
Food webs and meso-scale motifs allow us to understand the structure of ecological communities and define species' roles within them. This species-level perspective on networks permits tests for relationships between species' traits and their patterns of direct and indirect interactions. Such relationships could allow us to predict food-web structure based on more easily-obtained trait information. Here we calculated the roles of species (as vectors of motif position frequencies) in six well-resolved marine food webs and identified the motif positions associated with the greatest variation in species' roles. We then tested whether the frequencies of these positions varied with species' traits. Despite the coarse-grained traits we used, our approach identified several strong associations between traits and motifs. Feeding environment was a key trait in our models and may shape species' roles by affecting encounter probabilities. Incorporating environment into future food web models may improve predictions of an unknown network structure.
Data from: Feeding environment and other traits shape species' roles in marine food webs
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Data from: Habitat dimensionality, temperature and feeding strategies as determinants of trophic structure in a marine food web
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Data from: Climate change alters the structure of arctic marine food webs due to poleward shifts of boreal generalists
Climate-driven poleward shifts, leading to changes in species composition and relative abundances, have been recently documented in the Arctic. Among the fastest moving species are boreal generalist fish which are expected to affect arctic marine food web structure and ecosystem functioning substantially. Here, we address structural changes at the food web level induced by poleward shifts via topological network analysis of highly resolved boreal and arctic food webs of the Barents Sea. We detected considerable differences in structural properties and link configuration between the boreal and the arctic food webs, the latter being more modular and less connected. We found that a main characteristic of the boreal fish moving poleward into the arctic region of the Barents Sea is high generalism, a property that increases connectance and reduces modularity in the arctic marine food web. Our results reveal that habitats form natural boundaries for food web modules, and that generalists play an important functional role in coupling pelagic and benthic modules. We posit that these habitat couplers have the potential to promote the transfer of energy and matter between habitats, but also the spread of pertubations, thereby changing arctic marine food web structure considerably with implications for ecosystem dynamics and functioning.
Data from: Estimating contributions of pelagic and benthic pathways to consumer production in coupled marine food webs
1. Pelagic and benthic systems usually interact, but their dynamics and production rates differ. Such differences influence the distribution, reproductive cycles, growth rates, stability and productivity of the consumers they support. Consumer preferences for, and dependence on, pelagic or benthic production are governed by the availability of these sources of production and consumer life history, distribution, habitat, behavioural ecology, ontogenetic stage and morphology. 2. Diet studies may demonstrate the extent to which consumers feed on prey in pelagic or benthic environments. But they do not discriminate benthic production directly supported by phytoplankton from benthic production recycled through detrital pathways. The former will track the dynamics of phytoplankton production more closely than the latter. 3. We develop and apply a new analytical method that uses carbon (C) and sulfur (S) natural abundance stable isotope data to assess the relative contribution of pelagic and benthic pathways to fish consumer production. 4. For 13 species of fish that dominate community biomass in the northern North Sea (estimated >90% of total biomass), relative modal use of pelagic pathways ranged from <25% to >85%. Use of both C and S isotopes as opposed to just C reduced uncertainty in relative modal use estimates. Temporal comparisons of relative modal use of pelagic and benthic pathways revealed similar ranking of species dependency over four years, but annual variation in relative modal use within species was typically 10-40%. 5. For the total fish consumer biomass in the study region, the C and S method linked approximately 70% and 30% of biomass to pelagic and benthic pathways respectively. As well as providing a new method to define consumers' links to pelagic and benthic pathways our results demonstrate that a substantial proportion of fish biomass, and by inference production, in the northern North Sea is supported by production that has passed through transformations on the seabed.
Data from: Climate change alters the structure of arctic marine food webs due to poleward shifts of boreal generalists
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Data from: Egg boon fatty acids reveal effects of a climatic event on a marine food web
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Data from: Estimating contributions of pelagic and benthic pathways to consumer production in coupled marine food webs
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Data from: Food-web structure varies along environmental gradients in a high-latitude marine ecosystem
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Data from: Regime shifts in marine communities: a complex systems perspective on food web dynamics
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Data from: Opening the tap: increased riverine connectivity strengthens marine food web pathways.
Reduction of ecosystem connectivity has long-lasting impacts on food webs. Anadromous fish, which migrate from marine to freshwater ecosystems to complete reproduction, have seen their historically larger ecosystem role undercut by widespread riverine habitat fragmentation and other impacts mainly derived from anthropogenic sources. The result has been extensive extirpations and increased susceptibility to a suite of environmental factors that currently impede recovery. Under this present-day context of reduced productivity and connectivity, aggressive management actions and enforcement of catch limits including bycatch caps and complete moratoria on harvest have followed. What remains less understood are the implications of changes to food webs that co-occurred. What benefits restoration could provide in terms of ecosystem functioning in relation to economic costs associated with dam removal and remediation is unknown and can limit the scope and value of restoration activities. Here we employ, historical landscape-based biomass estimates of anadromous alosine for the first time in an ecosystem modeling of the Northeast US large marine ecosystem (LME), to evaluate the value of improving connectivity by measuring the increase in energy flow and population productivity. We compared a restored alosine model to a contemporary model, analyzing the impacts of the potential increase of connectivity between riverine and oceanic systems. We observed changes in ecosystem functional structure and widespread ecosystem benefits for fisheries and conservation efforts. A key advantage was the potential for a 26% biomass increase of piscivorous with high economic value, including Atlantic cod, and for a 69% increase for species of conservation concern such as pelagic sharks, seabirds and marine mammals. Our study highlights the benefits of increased connectivity between freshwater and ocean ecosystems. We demonstrate the significant role anadromous forage fish could play in improving specific fisheries and overall ecosystem functioning, mainly through the diversification of species capable of transferring primary production to upper trophic levels, adding to benefits associated with their restoration.
Micropalstic ingestion by small species causes large detrimental effects on marine food web dynamics
<p>Model parameter and program for the article.</p>
Data from: Opening the tap: increased riverine connectivity strengthens marine food web pathways.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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