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14 results for “marine shell”
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated. in A Whole-Plant Specimen Of The Marine Macroalga Pterigophycos From The Eocene Of Bolca (Veneto, N-Italy)
Text-fig. 4: Pterigophycos sp., details of specimen in Text-fig. 3a. a: Blades B5–7; b: Close-up of (a), focusing on attachment of small blades B5–7 to holdfast structure; c: Detail of holdfast with several linear elements extending from proximal portion; d: Detail of blade B2, showing midrib and spathulate lamina segments; e: Detail of blade B1, showing lowermost, smallest lamina segments; f: tiny bivalve shell on stipe of blade B1, scale bar = 5 mm; g: Detail of blade B2, showing proximal beginning of lamina segmentation. Scale bars = 1 cm unless otherwise stated.
Рис. 6. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 5 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (слои 1, 2 – бровка). Длина фрагментов от 51 до 121 мм. Fig. 6. Marine bivalves from excavation 5 of the Konstantinovka-1 settlement excavations: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (levels 1, 2 – cross section). Sizes of shell fragments are from 51 to 121 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 6. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 5 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (слои 1, 2 – бровка). Длина фрагментов от 51 до 121 мм. Fig. 6. Marine bivalves from excavation 5 of the Konstantinovka-1 settlement excavations: A–H – Mizuhopecten yessoensis (Jay, 1857) (levels 1, 2 – cross section). Sizes of shell fragments are from 51 to 121 mm.
Рис. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: леваЯ створка снаружи (A), иЗнутри (B). Длина раковины 26.4 мм, высота – 47.3 мм; C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): леваЯ створка снаружи (C), иЗнутри (D). Длина раковины 71.0 мм, высота – 39.9 мм. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): леваЯ створка снаружи (E), праваЯ створка иЗнутри (F). Длина раковины 70.8 мм, высота – 44.5 мм, толЩина – 36.7 мм. Fig. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: left valve (A) outside, (B) inside. Shell length 26.4 mm, height – 47.3 mm. C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): left valve (C) outside, (D) inside. Shell length 71.0 mm, height – 39.9 mm. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): left valve (E) outside, right valve (F) inside. Shell length 70.8 mm, height – 44.5 mm, thickness – 36.7 mm. in On the species composition of marine bivalves of the Sikhote-Alin Reserve (northern Primorye, Japan/East Sea)
Рис. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: леваЯ створка снаружи (A), иЗнутри (B). Длина раковины 26.4 мм, высота – 47.3 мм; C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): леваЯ створка снаружи (C), иЗнутри (D). Длина раковины 71.0 мм, высота – 39.9 мм. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): леваЯ створка снаружи (E), праваЯ створка иЗнутри (F). Длина раковины 70.8 мм, высота – 44.5 мм, толЩина – 36.7 мм. Fig. 2. A, B. Modiolus (Modiolus) kurilensis Bernard, 1983: left valve (A) outside, (B) inside. Shell length 26.4 mm, height – 47.3 mm. C, D. Gari (Gobraeus) kazusensis (Yokoyama, 1922): left valve (C) outside, (D) inside. Shell length 71.0 mm, height – 39.9 mm. E, F. Panomya norvegica (Spengler, 1973): left valve (E) outside, right valve (F) inside. Shell length 70.8 mm, height – 44.5 mm, thickness – 36.7 mm.
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 7. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопа 1 поселениЯ Константиновка-1: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 44.6 мм; C, D – данные не расшифрованы, длина раковины 38.7 мм; E, F – раскоп 5, пл. 6, кв. Б-6, длина раковины 30.7 мм; G, H –?подъемный материал, длина раковины 33.8 мм; I, J – раскоп 3, кв. З-6, длина раковины 40.4 мм; K–M – раскоп 2, пл. 7, кв. Д-6, длина раковины 23.5 мм; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – подъемный материал, длина раковины 61.7 мм. Fig. 7. Marine bivalves from excavation 1 of the Konstantinovka-1 site: A–M – Glycymeris (Glycymeris) yessoensis (Sowerby III, 1889) (A, B – data not available, shell length 44.6 mm; C, D – data not available, shell length 38.7 mm; E, F – excavation 5, layer 6, square Б-6, shell lenth 30.7 mm; G, H –?surface scatter, shell length 33.8 mm; I, J – excavation 3, square З-6, shell length 40.4 mm; K–M – excavation 2, layer 7, square Д-6, shell length 23.5 mm; N, O – Mya (Arenomya) japonica Jay, 1857 – surface scatter, shell length 61.7 mm.
Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm. in Mollusks from the archaeological site Konstantinovka-1 in Primorye (Russian Far East)
Рис. 5. Морские двустворчатые моллюски иЗ раскопов памЯтника Константиновка-1: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, пласт 6, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина раковины 49.3 мм; C, D – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 40.8 мм; G, H – раскоп 3, постройка № 40, квадрат Ж.3-10, длина фрагмента 41.6 мм; I–K – раскоп 1, пласт 1, квадрат Б2, длина фрагмента 35.8 мм; E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), подъемный материал, длина фрагмента 100.7 мм. Fig. 5. Marine bivalves from the Konstantinovka-1 site excavations: A–D, G–K – Anadara talmiensis Kalishevich, 1976 (A, B – excavation 3, construction N 40, layer 6, square Ж.3-10, shell length 49.3 mm; C, D – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 40.8 mm; G, H – excavation 3, construction N 40, square Ж.3-10, fragment length 41.6 mm; I–K – excavation 1, formation 1, square B2, fragment length 35.8 mm); E, F – Crenomytilus grayanus (Dunker, 1853), lifting material, fragment length 100.7 mm.
Data from: How long does a brachiopod shell last on a seafloor? Modern mid-bathyal environments as taphonomic analogues of continental shelves prior to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
<p class="MsoNormal">Carbonate skeletal remains are altered and disintegrate at yearly to decadal scales in present-day shallow-marine environments with intense bioerosion and dissolution. Present-day brachiopod death assemblages are invariably characterized by poor preservation on continental shelves, and abundant articulated shells of brachiopods with well-preserved brachidia are thus not expected to be preserved if not rapidly buried. However, such preservation is paradoxically observed in shallow-water Paleozoic and Mesozoic brachiopod assemblages. Here, we show that a bathyal death assemblage time-averaged to several millennia (Adriatic Sea) consists of sediment-filled articulated shells of <em>Gryphus</em> <em>vitreus</em> with complete brachidia. Postmortem age distributions indicate that disintegration half-lives exceed several centuries (~500-1,700 years). The high frequency of articulated but centuries-old shells (>50%) and the fitting of taphonomic models to postmortem ages indicate that disarticulation half-life is unusually long (~200 years). Rapid sediment filling of shells (1) inhibited disarticulation, loop fragmentation and colonization by coelobites and (2) induced precipitation of ferromanganese oxides at redox fronts within shells. Sediment-filled articulated shells, however, still resided at the sediment-water interface as indicated by encrusters and sponges that infested them after death. Sediment-filled shells disintegrated through bioerosion and wear when residence time in the taphonomically active zone exceeded ~2,000 years. We suggest that the articulation paradox is driven by the Mesozoic Marine Revolution (MMR) that escalated predation, bioturbation and organic matter recycling, all intensifying shell disintegration. A scenario with slow disarticulation in bathyal environments can be an analogue of conditions leading to preservation of articulated shells in shallow-water assemblages prior to the MMR.</p>
Data from: How long does a brachiopod shell last on a seafloor? Modern mid-bathyal environments as taphonomic analogues of continental shelves prior to the Mesozoic Marine Revolution
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Predation by shell-breaking crabs on a marine gastropod along a latitudinal gradient in the SW Atlantic: Influence of extrinsic and intrinsic factors
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Negative frequency dependent selection maintains shell banding polymorphisms in two marine snails (Littorina fabalis and L. saxatilis)
<p>The presence of shell bands is common in gastropods. The marine snails, <i>Littorina fabalis</i> and <i>L. saxatilis</i>, are<i> </i>both polymorphic for this trait. Such polymorphism would be expected to be lost by the action of genetic drift or directional selection, but it appears to be widespread at relatively constant frequencies. This suggests it is maintained by balancing selection on the trait or on a genetically linked trait. Using long time-series of empirical data, we compared potential effects of genetic drift and negative frequency-dependent selection, in the two species. The contribution of genetic drift to changes in the frequency of bands in <i>L. fabalis</i> was estimated using the effective population size estimated from microsatellite data, while the effect of genetic drift in <i>L. saxatilis</i> were derived from previously published study. Frequency-dependent selection was assessed comparing the cross-product estimator of fitness with the frequency of the polymorphism across years using a regression analysis. Both studied species showed patterns of negative frequency-dependent selection. In addition, in <i>L. fabalis</i>, contributions from genetic drift could explain some of the changes in banding frequency. Overdominance and heterogeneous selection did not fit well to our data. The possible biological explanations resulting on the maintenance of the banding polymorphism are discussed.</p>
Ptychographic X-ray spackle tracking (PXST) scan of the biomineralized shell of a marine planktonic diatom
<p>The PXST scan of the biomineralized shell of a marine planktonic diatom sample measured at P11 beamtime of the PETRA III synchrotron radiation facility. The beam was focused with a pair of MLLs with focal lengths of 1.25 mm and 1.15 mm and numerical apertures of 0.014 and 0.015, in the vertical and horizontal directions, respectively. The X-ray beam photon energy was 17.5 keV.</p>
Negative frequency dependent selection maintains shell banding polymorphisms in two marine snails (Littorina fabalis and L. saxatilis)
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Data from: Trends in shell fragmentation as evidence of mid- Paleozoic changes in marine predation
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Data from: Mollusc-shell debris can mitigate the deleterious effects of organic pollution on marine sediments
Organic pollution is widespread in coastal areas and can have profound impacts on the seabed. Coastal sediments play an important role at a global scale in the recycling of organic matter, and this process is influenced by the habitat complexity of the sediments, among other factors. Mollusc shells are produced as a waste product from a range of anthropogenic activities, but we demonstrate that they can be used to increase the habitat complexity of sediments. We studied the effect of mussel-shell debris (shell-hash) on the biogeochemical processes of marine sediments affected by organic pollution, using a mesocosm experiment simulating the bioturbation effects of macrofauna. We found that shell-hash improved the ecological status of organically polluted sediments by reducing the accumulation of sulphide from anaerobic metabolic pathways. Additionally, when shell-hash was present in an organically polluted sediment, there was a decrease in ammonium release to the water column, thus preventing the negative ecological consequences of eutrophication. Synthesis and applications. Our study indicates that shell-hash debris can be used as a potential tool to mitigate the effects of organic enrichment on marine sediments. A density of shell-hash debris of 1900 g m−2 in the sediment can diminish toxic by-products (sulphides and ammonium) derived from the stimulation of anaerobic metabolic pathways by organic pollution, at levels that are biologically relevant. The mitigation effect of shell-hash is more pronounced in sediments where macrofauna is not present.
Data from: Mollusc-shell debris can mitigate the deleterious effects of organic pollution on marine sediments
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Allen Brain Atlas
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