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56 results for “masculinity”
Age and Masculinities During the Neo-Assyrian Period Data
<p>Files accompanying the article 'Age and Masculinities During the Neo-Assyrian Period'. All files relating to the creation of the textual corpus, PMI measurement, Gephi visualisations, and analysis are included.</p> <p>Version 2.</p> <p>It is recommended to read the ReadMe.txt and Workflow.txt files first, and then explore the folders according to the stage of the method you are interested in.</p> <p>Please cite as Bennett, E. 2023. "Age and Masculinities During the Neo-Assyrian Period Data".</p>
A masculinizing supergene underlies an exaggerated male reproductive morph in a spider
<p>In many species, individuals can develop into strikingly different morphs, which are determined by a simple Mendelian locus. How selection shapes loci that control complex p henotypic differences remains poorly understood. In the spider gibbosus, males either develop into a 'hunched'morph with conspicuous head structures or as a fast developing 'flat'morph with a female- like appearance. We show that the hunched differs from the f lat-determinin g allele by a hunch-specific genomic fragment of approximately 3 megabases. This fragment comprises dozens of genes that duplicated from genes found at different chromosomes. All functional duplicates, including doublesex- a key sexual differentiation regulatory gene, show male-specific expression, which il lustrates their combined role as a masculinizing supergene. Our findings demonstrate how extensive indel polymorphisms and duplications of regulatory genes may contribute to t he evolution of co-adapted gene clusters, sex-limi ted reproductive morphs, and the enigmatic evolution of exaggerated sexual traits in general.</p>
One for all and all for one: phenotype assortment and reproductive success in masculinized females
<p>Homophily by morphological and behavioral traits has been described in several species of vertebrates, but its functional consequences remain poorly studied. Homophily by plurally breeding females may improve direct fitness by enhancing reproductive success. Female mammals may exhibit phenotypical masculinization due to exposure to androgens during early development, a condition that is associated with maternal performance during subsequent breeding. Our goal was to assess whether female composition (in terms of masculinization) of plurally breeding groups influences female fitness in a natural population of degus <i>(Octodon degus).</i> We assessed if plurally breeding female degus assort themselves by anogenital distance (AGD), an accurate measure of masculinization level. We also quantified if homophily by AGD phenotype affects female reproductive success and the reproductive output of the group. Plurally breeding groups typically included similarly masculinized (i.e., long AGD) females or similarly feminized (short AGD) females, indicating a strong degree of homophily. Females weaned more offspring in plurally breeding groups with more masculinized females. Additionally, standardized variance in the number of offspring weaned decreased in plurally breeding groups with mostly masculinized females, indicating greater reproductive equality in these groups. We conclude that female degus organize into homophilic social groups of similar AGD, and that social groups of masculinized females exhibit higher reproductive success.</p>
A masculinizing supergene underlies an exaggerated male reproductive morph in a spider
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One for all and all for one: phenotype assortment and reproductive success in masculinized females
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Network Graph showing the PMI results for Akkadian words related to Masculinities
<p>Network Graph displaying the top 10 results of a PMI measurement between Akkadian words which relate to the concept of masculinities.</p> <p>Based on data from ORACC downloaded in April 2020.</p>
Data for: Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain male testosterone levels in a social rodent
<p><span>In vertebrates, male testosterone levels vary across the year and are generally higher during the mating period relative to the offspring-rearing period. However, male testosterone levels may also be influenced by male morphotype (males with different levels of masculinization), and by the social environment experienced within a conspecific group. In social species, it has been proposed that high levels of testosterone could be incompatible with the development of an amicable social environment. Thus, in these species, it is predicted that males have relatively low levels of testosterone. Our goal was to examine the potential association between male serum testosterone levels, male morphotype, and the social environment in the caviomorph rodent <em>Octodon</em> <em>degus</em> under natural conditions. We quantified serum testosterone levels of male degus during the periods of mating and offspring rearing, and the size and composition of social groups, including masculinization levels of male and female group members from 2009 to 2019. Our results revealed that male testosterone levels covary with the period, male morphotype, and female and male social group environments, but not with offspring social environment (total number of offspring in the social group). Additionally, male degus exhibit low levels of testosterone that are indistinguishable from female levels during mating and offspring rearing. Similar to other highly social mammals, male amicable behavior could be the best male mating strategy, implying a downregulation of males' testosterone levels.</span></p>
Male social environment and female masculinization level interact to explain female testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent
<p><span>Testosterone is known to modulate several morphological and behavioral phenotypic traits in males. However, females also synthetize testosterone and other androgens which influence the development and function of female tissues. In vertebrates, mating and social interactions can in turn modulate individual female testosterone levels, generally being higher in females that compete for males and/or that monopolize reproduction. Female testosterone levels may also be higher in females with masculinized phenotypes or when females are exposed to the energetic demands of reproduction. We used data from a long-term study (2009–2019) in a natural population of the communally rearing rodent <em>Octodon degus</em> to examine the potential associations between female serum testosterone levels and season, female masculinization morphotype, and the individual composition within social groups. We quantified the size and composition of social groups, including the masculinization morphotype of adult male and female group members. We found that female testosterone levels were higher in masculinized vs. feminized females and were also higher during the offspring-rearing season than the mating season. Female testosterone levels also varied with the number and morphotype of male group members, but not with female or offspring social environments. Together, our results suggest that female testosterone levels are more sensitive to intersexual than to intrasexual interactions. Our results also reveal that female and male testosterone levels do not significantly differ between the sexes, a notable finding previously reported only in rock hyraxes. We discuss how the complex social system of degus could be driving this physiological similarity between the sexes.</span></p>
Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Toxic Masculinity Scale Among Indonesian Nursing Students: A Psychometric Testing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07192406. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain male testosterone levels in a social rodent: Part 1: The male side
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Social environment and masculinization level interact to explain testosterone levels in a communally rearing rodent: part 2: the female side
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Data from: Experimental evidence that female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) perceive variation in male facial masculinity
Among many primate species, face shape is sexually dimorphic, and male facial masculinity has been proposed to influence female mate choice and male-male competition. However, whether conspecifics pay attention to facial masculinity has only been assessed in humans. Here, working with free-ranging rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, we used a two-alternative look-time experiment to test whether females perceive male facial masculinity. We presented 107 females with pairs of images of male faces – one more masculine and one more feminine – and recorded their looking behaviour. Females looked toward the masculine face longer than the feminine face in more trials than predicted by chance. Although there was no overall difference in average look-time between masculine and feminine faces across all trials, females looked significantly longer at masculine faces in a subset of trials for which the within-pair difference in masculinity was most pronounced. Additionally, the proportion of time subjects looked toward the masculine face increased as the within-pair difference in masculinity increased. This study provides evidence that female macaques perceive variation in male facial shape, a necessary condition for intersexual selection to operate on such a trait. It also highlights the potential impact of perceptual thresholds on look-time experiments.
Data from: Highly masculinized and younger males attain higher reproductive success in a social rodent
Abstract: Alternative morphotypes have been reported in males of different taxa. In some mammals highly masculinized and slightly masculinized males represent two opposite ends along a gradient of phenotypic variation in males. This phenotypical gradient originates during prenatal development. Laboratory studies have documented how highly and slightly masculinized males differ in several traits, including their reproductive success. However, the extent to which these reported differences materialize in natural populations remains unknown. We quantified the impact of male morphotype on male reproductive success in a natural population of Octodon degus, a highly social rodent. We assessed male morphotype through a continuous gradient of anogenital distance. We also tested the hypothesis that the social environment interacts with male morphotype to influence male reproductive success. We found that individual attributes, including masculinization level and age, impacted male reproductive success. Highly masculinized and younger males had greater reproductive success. Additionally, male body weight had a small magnitude but positive effect on male reproductive success. Male reproductive success was not affected by social attributes such as group composition. Thus, the number of males and females within a group did not affect male reproductive success, nor did the average male anogenital distance within a group. Our results support the hypothesis that the prenatal environment can result in long-term effects on individual life history and cause intrasexual phenotypical variation in natural populations. Our findings suggest that male phenotypical masculinization could be an adaptive trait, regardless of the social environment.
Data from: The morphometrics of "masculinity" in human faces
In studies of social inference and human mate preference, a wide but inconsistent array of tools for computing facial masculinity has been devised. Several of these approaches implicitly assumed that the individual expression of sexually dimorphic shape features, which we refer to as maleness, resembles facial shape features perceived as masculine. We outline a morphometric strategy for estimating separately the face shape patterns that underlie perceived masculinity and maleness, and for computing individual scores for these shape patterns. We further show how faces with different degrees of masculinity or maleness can be constructed in a geometric morphometric framework. In an application of these methods to a set of human facial photographs, we found that shape features typically perceived as masculine are wide faces with a wide inter-orbital distance, a wide nose, thin lips, and a large and massive lower face. The individual expressions of this combination of shape features—the masculinity shape scores—were the best predictor of rated masculinity among the compared methods (r = 0.5). The shape features perceived as masculine only partly resembled the average face shape difference between males and females (sexual dimorphism). Discriminant functions and Procrustes distances to the female mean shape were poor predictors of perceived masculinity.
PLAGIARM_A Size Face Male CEO's Performance and Masculinity: The Mediating Effect of Earnings Management
<p>Plagiarm A Size Face Male CEO's Performance and Masculinity: The Mediating Effect of Earnings Management</p>
Plagiarm A Size Face Male CEO's Performance and Masculinity: The Mediating Effect of Earnings Management
<p>Plagiarm A Size Face Male CEO's Performance and Masculinity: The Mediating Effect of Earnings Management</p>
Plagiarm The Study Investigates How R&D Can Mitigate The Influence Of A CEO'S Masculine Image On Leverage
<p>Plagiarm The Study Investigates How R&D Can Mitigate The Influence Of A CEO'S Masculine Image On Leverage</p>
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
Literature review of 406 academic articles from feminist, queer and masculinity studies (2008-2023 / Spain, Germany, Denmark, UK, Switzerland and Hungary).
<p><strong><u><span>Literature review of 406 academic articles from feminist, queer and masculinity studies (2008-2023) / Spain, Germany, Denmark, UK, Switzerland and Hungary</span></u></strong></p> <p><span>This dataset represents the extensive and comprehensive literature review of 406 research articles that were analysed through an in-depth qualitative abductive and iterative classification process. The codification covers a period of fifteen years (2008-2015) in the six countries of interest to UNTWIST (Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom), with the purpose of creating a typology of Gender Based Needs (GBNs). </span></p> <p><span>Due to the importance of covering the breadth of ‘needs’, the data collection was designed with the goal to reach saturation of areas and dimensions covered in each country context (see detailed explanation below). This means that the data should not be seen as representative in terms of the number of articles on each topic per country but rather as representing the total coverage of topics and approaches in feminist theory over the time.</span></p> <p><span>Our codification identifies a set of needs that, while not exhaustive, are considered as indicative of important trends and needs that have emerged during this time across the six countries under investigation.</span></p> <p><span>The basis of the Typology relies on insights from gender-focused research, including feminist, queer and masculinity studies. This choice was rooted in the observation that these bodies of literature have a long-standing tradition of analysing policy issues through a ‘gender lens’, thus making visible the role of gender in politics and policy and aiming to understand and explain political and social events, behaviours, and dynamics through a focus on gender. The focus of feminist research on gender as an analytical category helps us to assess how gender factors into political and social needs and demands and to identify ‘gender-based needs’ (GBNs), i.e., those needs and demands that are discussed with specific reference to gender. The theoretical assumption is here that such needs are rooted in (e.g., as the effect of certain configurations of) the social and political structures that have emerged around the social distinctions between woman/female/feminine and man/male/masculine. Based on insights on the invisible and informal nature of gender as political and social force, we further assume that their relationship with gender is often missed by those approaches that do not center a gender lens. This means that we define feminist, queer and masculinity studies as best suited to derive and assess relevant areas and types of GBNs.</span></p>
Masculine Norms and Skin Care Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03191747. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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