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17 results for “mating position”
Data from: Nineteen years of consistently positive and strong female mate preferences despite individual variation
Sexual selection driven by mate choice has generated some of the most astounding diversity in nature, suggesting population-level preferences should be strong and consistent over many generations. On the other hand, mating preferences are among the least repeatable components of an individual animal's phenotype, suggesting low consistency across an animal's lifetime. Despite decades of intensive study of sexual selection there is almost no information about the strength and consistency of preferences across many years. In this study we present the results of over 5000 mate choice tests with a species of wild frog conducted over 19 consecutive years. Results show that preferences are positive and strong and vary little across years. This consistency is despite the fact that there are substantial differences among females in their strength of preference. We also suggest mate preferences in populations that are primarily the result of sensory exploitation might be more stable over time compared to preferences that are primarily involved in assessing male quality.
Figs 1–3 in Mating position in Peloridiidae (Hemiptera: Coleorrhyncha)
Figs 1–3. Mating Peloridiidae: 1 — Peloridium hammoniorum Breddin, 1897, dorsal view, male on the left; 2–3 — Hemiodoecus leai China, 1924: 2 — dorsal view, male on the right (note female right tegmen visible through male tegmina); black dots are ascomycete pycnidia [Helmsing, China, 1937: 487]; 3 — right lateral view, male in front. Рис. 1–3. Спаривание у Peloridiidae: 1 — Peloridium hammoniorum Breddin, 1897, вид сверху, самец слева; 2–3 — Hemiodoecus leai China, 1924: 2 — вид сверху, самец справа (череЗ его надкрыльЯ просвечивает правое надкрылье самки); чёрные точки — пикнидии аскомицетов [Helmsing, China, 1937: 487]; 3 — вид справа, самец спереди.
Using positive-to-negative behavioural responses to evaluate treefrog mate choice
<p>Sexual competition hinges on the ability to impress other conspecifics, to drive them away or attract them. In such cases, the selective environment may be hedonic or affective in nature, as it consists of the evaluations of the individuals making the decisions. This may contribute to the power of sexual selection because evaluations may range from positive to negative rather than simply from positive to neutral. Selection due to mate choice may therefore be stronger than currently appreciated. Further, change in preferred mate types can occur simply by changes ("flips") in the evaluation of similar display features, adding to the dynamism of sexual selection as well as its strength. We tested the hypothesis of positive-to-negative behavioural responses in mate choice with a playback experiment using two treefrog species with "mirror image" structures in their advertisement and aggressive calls. Female treefrog responses ranged from approach to evasion, and the presence of an aversive stimulus tainted evaluation of an attractive stimulus. Further, females in the two species showed flips in approach/evasion of stimuli with comparable signal structure. These results suggest that hedonic evaluation may have an important role in mate choice, and showcase how mechanistic analysis can help understand evolutionary processes.</p>
Using positive-to-negative behavioural responses to evaluate treefrog mate choice
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Data from: Nineteen years of consistently positive and strong female mate preferences despite individual variation
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Data from: Widespread positive but weak assortative mating by diet within stickleback populations
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Data from: Testosterone positively associated with both male mating effort and paternal behavior in savanna baboons (Papio cynocephalus)
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Data from: Sexually selected traits evolve positive allometry when some matings occur irrespective of the trait
Positive allometry of secondary sexual traits (whereby larger individuals have disproportionally larger traits than smaller individuals) has been called one of the most pervasive and poorly understood regularities in the study of animal form and function. Its widespread occurrence is in contrast with theoretical predictions that it should evolve only under rather special circumstances.
Data from: No evidence of positive assortative mating for genetic quality in fruit flies
In sexual populations the effectiveness of selection will depend on how gametes combine with respect to genetic quality. If gametes with deleterious alleles are likely to combine with one another, deleterious genetic variation can be more easily purged by selection. Assortative mating, where there is a positive correlation between parents in a phenotype of interest such as body size, is often observed in nature, but does not necessarily reveal how gametes ultimately combine with respect to genetic quality itself. We manipulated genetic quality in fruit fly populations using an inbreeding scheme designed to provide an unbiased measure of mating patterns. While inbred flies had substantially reduced reproductive success, their gametes did not combine with those of other inbred flies more often than expected by chance, indicating a lack of positive assortative mating. Instead, we detected a negative correlation in genetic quality between parents, i.e., disassortative mating, which diminished with age. This pattern is expected to reduce the genetic variance for fitness, diminishing the effectiveness of selection. We discuss how mechanisms of sexual selection could produce a pattern of disassortative mating. Our study highlights that sexual selection has the potential to either increase or decrease genetic load.
Data from: Phylogeny of Leavenworthia S-alleles suggests unidirectional mating system evoution and enhanced positive selection following an ancient population bottleneck
The adoption of self-fertilization from an ancestral outcrossing state is one of the most common evolutionary transitions in the flowering plants. In the mustard family, outcrossing is typically enforced by sporophytic self-incompatibility (SI), but there are also many self-compatible species. The genus Leavenworthia contains taxa that either possess or lack SI. Here we present data showing that SI is associated with strict outcrossing and that there is widespread trans-specific sequence polymorphism at the locus involved in the recognition of self-pollen (the S-locus). This ancestral polymorphism is consistent with the presence of an outcrossing mating system in the common ancestor of Leavenworthia species, and suggests that there have been several independent losses of SI in the group. When compared with other mustard species, the bulk of Leavenworthia S-allele sequences are highly diverged from those found in other Brassicaceae and show relatively low levels of nucleotide diversity, a pattern that suggests the common ancestor of the genus likely underwent a strong population bottleneck. The hypothesis of post-bottleneck S-locus rediversification is supported by tests showing stronger positive selection acting on S-alleles from Leavenworthia than those found in other Brassicaceae.
Data from: A novel method for estimating the strength of positive mating preference by similarity in the wild
Mating preference can be a driver of sexual selection and assortative mating and is, therefore, a key element in evolutionary dynamics. Positive mating preference by similarity is the tendency for the choosy individual to select a mate which possesses a similar variant of a trait. Such preference can be modelled using Gaussian-like mathematical functions that describe the strength of preference, but such functions cannot be applied to empirical data collected from the field. As a result, traditionally, mating preference is indirectly estimated by the degree of assortative mating (using Pearson's correlation coefficient, r) in wild captured mating pairs. Unfortunately, r and similar coefficients are often biased due to the fact that different variants of a given trait are nonrandomly distributed in the wild, and pooling of mating pairs from such heterogeneous samples may lead to "false–positive" results, termed "the scale-of-choice effect" (SCE). Here we provide two new estimators of mating preference (Crough and Cscaled) derived from Gaussian-like functions which can be applied to empirical data. Computer simulations demonstrated that r coefficient showed robust estimations properties of mating preference but it was severely affected by SCE, Crough showed reasonable estimation properties and it was little affected by SCE, while Cscaled showed the best properties at infinite sample sizes and it was not affected by SCE but failed at biological sample sizes. We recommend using Crough combined with the r coefficient to infer mating preference in future empirical studies.
Social network position predicts male mating success in a small passerine
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Data from: Sexually selected traits evolve positive allometry when some matings occur irrespective of the trait
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Data from: Phylogeny of Leavenworthia S-alleles suggests unidirectional mating system evoution and enhanced positive selection following an ancient population bottleneck
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Data from: A novel method for estimating the strength of positive mating preference by similarity in the wild
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Data from: No evidence of positive assortative mating for genetic quality in fruit flies
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Ste18p is a positive control element in the mating process of Candida albicans
GEO Series GSE54031. Candida albicans. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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