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43 results for “mechanical isolation”
Data for: The genetic basis of floral mechanical isolation between two hummingbird-pollinated Neotropical understory herbs
<p>Floral divergence can contribute to reproductive isolation among plant lineages, and thus provides an opportunity to study the genetics of speciation, including the number, effect size, mode of action, and interactions of quantitative trait loci (QTL). Moreover, flowers represent suites of functionally interrelated traits, but it is unclear to what extent the phenotypic integration of the flower is underlain by a shared genetic architecture, which could facilitate or constrain correlated evolution of floral traits. Here, we examine the genetic architecture of floral morphological traits involved in an evolutionary switch from bill to forehead pollen placement between two species of hummingbird-pollinated Neotropical understory herbs that are reproductively isolated by these floral differences. For the majority of traits, we find multiple QTL of relatively small effect spread throughout the genome. We also find substantial colocalization and alignment of effects of QTL underlying different floral traits that function together to promote outcrossing and reduce heterospecific pollen transfer. Our results are consistent with adaptive pleiotropy or linkage of many coadapted genes, either of which could have facilitated a response to correlated selection and helped to stabilize divergent phenotypes in the face of low levels of hybridization. Moreover, our results indicate that floral mechanical isolation can be consistent with an infinitesimal model of adaptation.</p>
Multiple mechanisms contribute to isolation-by-environment in the redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei
<p class="NormalThesis"><span>Isolation by environment (IBE) is a population genomic pattern that arises when ecological barriers reduce gene flow between populations. Although current evidence suggests IBE is common in nature, few studies have evaluated the underlying mechanisms that generate IBE patterns. In this study, we evaluate five proposed mechanisms of IBE (natural selection against immigrants, sexual selection against immigrants, selection against hybrids, biased dispersal, environment-based phenological differences) that may give rise to host-associated differentiation within a sympatric population of the redheaded pine sawfly, <em>Neodiprion lecontei</em>, a species for which IBE has previously been detected. We first characterize the three pine species used by <em>N. lecontei</em> at the site, finding morphological and chemical differences among the hosts that could generate divergent selection on sawfly host-use traits. Next, using morphometrics and ddRAD sequencing, we detect modest phenotypic and genetic differentiation among sawflies originating from different pines that is consistent with recent, <em>in situ</em> divergence. Finally, via a series of laboratory assays – including assessments of larval performance on different hosts, adult mate and host preferences, hybrid fitness, and adult eclosion timing – we find evidence that multiple mechanisms contribute to IBE in <em>N. lecontei</em>. Overall, our results suggest IBE can emerge quickly, possibly due to multiple mechanisms acting in concert to reduce migration between different environments.</span></p>
Data for: The genetic basis of floral mechanical isolation between two hummingbird-pollinated Neotropical understory herbs
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Data from: Mismatch between pollen and pistil size causes asymmetric mechanical reproductive isolation across Phlox species
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Multiple mechanisms contribute to isolation-by-environment in the redheaded pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei
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Phenotypic modulation of biofilm formation in a Staphylococcus epidermidis orthopedic clinical isolate grown under different mechanical stimuli: contribution from a combined proteomic study
<p>One of the major causes of prosthetic joint failure is infection. Recently, coagulase negative <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> has been identified as an emergent, nosocomial pathogen involved in subclinical prosthetic join infections (PJIs). The diagnosis of PJIs mediated by <em>S. epidermidis</em> is usually complex and difficulties due to the absence of acute clinical signs derived from the host immune system response. Therefore, analysis of protein patterns in biofilm-producing <em>S. epidermidis</em> allows for the examination of the molecular basis of biofilm formation. Thus, in the present study, the proteome of a clinical isolate <em>S. epidermidis</em> was analyzed when cultured in its planktonic or sessile form to examine protein expression changes depending on culture conditions. After 24 hours of culture, sessile bacteria exhibited increased gene expression for ribosomal activity and for expression of proteins related to the initial attachment phase, involved in the capsular polysaccharide/adhesin, surface associated proteins and peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Likewise, planktonic <em>S. epidermidis</em> was able to aggregate after 24 hours, synthesizing the accumulation associate protein and cell-wall molecules through the activation of the YycFG and ArlRS, two component regulatory pathways. Prolonged culture under vigorous agitation generated a stressful growing environment triggering aggregation in a biofilm-like matrix as a mechanism to survive harsh conditions.</p> <p>Further studies will be essential to support these findings in order to further delineate the complex mechanisms of biofilm formation of <em>S. epidermidis</em> and they could provide the groundwork for the development of new drugs against biofilm-related infections, as well as the identification of novel biomarkers of subclinical or chronic infections mediated by these emerging, low virulence pathogens.</p>
Data for: Reproductive isolating mechanisms contributing to asymmetric hybridization in Killifishes (Fundulus spp.)
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>When species hybridize, one F1 hybrid cross type often predominates. Such asymmetry can arise from differences in a variety of reproductive barriers, but the relative roles and concordance of pre-mating, post-mating prezygotic barriers, and post-zygotic barriers in producing these biases in natural animal populations have not been widely investigated. Here, we study a population of predominantly F1 hybrids between two killifish species (<em>Fundulus heteroclitus</em> and <em>Fundulus diaphanus</em>) in which >95% of F1 hybrids have <em>F. diaphanus</em> mothers and <em>F. heteroclitus</em> fathers (D♀×H♂). To determine why <em>F. heteroclitus</em> x <em>F. diaphanus</em> F1 hybrids (H♀×D♂) are so rare, we tested for asymmetry in pre-mating reproductive barriers (female preference, male aggression) at a common salinity (10 ppt) and post-mating, pre-zygotic (fertilization success) and post-zygotic (embryonic development time and hatching success) reproductive barriers at a range of ecologically relevant salinities (0, 5, 10, and 15 ppt). We found that <em>F. heteroclitus </em>females preferred conspecific males, while <em>F. diaphanus </em>females did not, matching the observed cross bias in the wild. Naturally rare H♀×D♂<em> </em>crosses also had lower fertilization success than all other cross types, and a lower hatching success than the prevalent D♀×H♂ crosses at the salinity found in the hybrid zone centre (10 ppt). Furthermore, the naturally predominant D♀×H♂ crosses had a higher hatching success than <em>F. diaphanus</em> crosses at 10ppt, which may affect their relative abundance. The present study suggests that a combination of incomplete mating, post-mating pre-zygotic and post-zygotic reproductive isolating mechanisms act in concert to produce hybrid asymmetry in </span><span>this system.</span><span> </span></p>
Data for: Reproductive isolating mechanisms contributing to asymmetric hybridization in Killifishes (Fundulus spp.)
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Isolation controls reestablishment mechanisms and post-drying community structure in an intermittent stream
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Figure 1 in Do mismatched genitalia promote mechanical isolation in syntopic species of Phalloceros fishes (Poeciliidae)?
Figure 1. Interspecific differences in genitalia of mature individuals of Phalloceros anisophallos and Phalloceros leptokeras. A, B, ventral views of female urogenital papillae of P. anisophallos (A) and P. leptokeras (B). Notice that the papilla is turned to the right from the perspective of the fish and points somewhat distally towards the tail in P. anisophallos, and is turned to the left and points somewhat laterally in P. leptokeras. C, D, lateral view of the distal portion of the gonopodia with the skin removed of P. anisophallos (C) and P. leptokeras (D). These schematic drawings simply depict the generalized morphologies of the genitalia for each species and thus do not reflect any single museum specimen.
Figure 3 in Do mismatched genitalia promote mechanical isolation in syntopic species of Phalloceros fishes (Poeciliidae)?
Figure 3. Among-individual variation in the presence/absence of dark lateral spots and the morphology of adult female papillae in Phalloceros anisophallos and Phalloceros leptokeras from the Parati-Mirim River in relationship to molecular barcode information. The barcode sequences for each specimen are listed at the bottom and correspond to mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (MG1) DNA haplotypes. Based on the orientation of genital papillae, these specimens were initially identified as follows: P. anisophallos = MNTI 14559, 14553 and 10679; and P. leptokeras = MNTI 10684 and 10680. Note that morphologically and molecularly based species identifications for individual MNTI 14559 conflicted with each other, probably owing to an apparently aberrant papilla (see main text for more discussion). The size of the specimens corresponds to the standard length (SL), measured with digital callipers from the tip of the snout to the posterior margin of the hypural plate.
Figure 2 in Do mismatched genitalia promote mechanical isolation in syntopic species of Phalloceros fishes (Poeciliidae)?
Figure 2. Bayesian mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nDNA) gene trees, showing the inferred relationships among haplotypes of Phalloceros anisophallos and Phalloceros leptokeras from the Parati-Mirim River and other localities. A, mtDNA tree for the COI sequences. B, nDNA tree for the MG1 sequences. Shaded names refer to samples misidentified based on morphological criteria (see Materials and Methods). Numbers in parentheses represent the number of identical haplotypes. Other species of Phalloceros were included as reference samples, and Cnesterodon decemmaculatus and Poecilia vivipara were used to root the trees. Phalloceros anisophallos and Phalloceros leptokeras are sympatric in the Parati-Mirim and Japuíba rivers. São Roque and Paquequer correspond to the type localities of P. anisophallos and P. leptokeras, respectively (Lucinda 2008). Numbers above each branch are the estimated Bayesian posterior probabilities.
Isolating and Exploiting the Mechanisms That Link Breakfast and Human Health - Intervention
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04417205. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Isolating & Exploiting the Mechanisms That Link Breakfast to Human Health - Acute
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03866720. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Effect of Social Isolation on the Role of Pavlovian Mechanisms for Control Over Alcohol Use
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06256952. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Impact of the Preventive Emotions Management Questionnaire on the Rates of Isolation and Mechanical Restraint Measures in the Psychiatric Admission Unit
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05306717. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Multiple mechanisms confer stability to isolated populations of a rare endemic plant
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Data from: Mechanical reproductive isolation facilitates parallel speciation in western North American scincid lizards
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Data from: Molecular mechanisms of postmating prezygotic reproductive isolation uncovered by transcriptome analysis
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Data from: Mechanical and tactile incompatibilities cause reproductive isolation between two young damselfly species
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.