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12 results for “melanin-based coloration”
Supplementary material to "Exogenous corticosterone and melanin-based coloration explain variation in juvenile dispersal behaviour in the barn owl (Tyto alba)"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Natal dispersal affects many processes such as population dynamics. So far, most studies have examined the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that determine the distance between the place of birth and of first breeding. In contrast, few researchers followed the first steps of dispersal soon after fledging. To study this gap, we radio-tracked 95 barn owl nestlings (<em>Tyto alba</em>) to locate their diurnal roost sites from the fledging stage until December. This was used to test whether the age of nest departure, post-fledging movements and dispersal distance were related to melanin-based coloration, which is correlated to fitness-related traits, as well as to corticosterone, a hormone that mediates a number of life history trade-offs and the physiological and behavioural responses to stressful situations. We found that the artificial administration of corticosterone delayed the age when juveniles left their parental home-range in females but not in males. During the first few months after fledging, longer dispersal distances were reached by females compared to males, by individuals marked with larger black feather spots compared to individuals with smaller spots, by larger individuals and by those experimentally treated with corticosterone. We conclude that the onset and magnitude of dispersal is sensitive to the stress hormone corticosterone, melanin-based coloration and body size. </p>
Carotenoid- but not melanin-based plumage coloration is negatively related to metal exposure and proximity to the road in an urban songbird
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Data from: Melanin-based coloration of sneaker male Atlantic salmon is linked to viability and emergence timing of their offspring
The 'good genes' hypothesis of sexual selection predicts that male ornaments are favoured by female mate choice because male ornament reveals genetic quality. In species with different male reproductive tactics, variation in genetic quality among 'sneaking' males has rarely been investigated, as usually 'sneakers' are thought not to be chosen by females. Here we focused on the alternative reproductive tactic in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus, 1758) to test whether the skin colour of sneakers may reveal the performance traits of their offspring. A fully factorial breeding design was realized between 20 sneakers and two females using in vitro fertilization. We quantified the red and dark colorations of males and measured the survival of their progeny under semi-natural conditions. In addition, the size of offspring and their emergence timing from the gravel nest were monitored in the laboratory. We found that darker males sired more viable offspring, whereas red coloration was negatively correlated with offspring survival. Nevertheless, darker and redder male pigmentations were linked to a delay in offspring emergence. These results demonstrate that colours can reveal individual genetic quality in an alternative male reproductive tactic, with male melanin-based coloration being linked to both beneficial and detrimental effects for the offspring. Our results imply that sneaker ornaments may potentially play a role in both intra- and intersexual selection.
Data from: Effect of the MC1R gene on sexual dimorphism in melanin-based colorations
Variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene result in abrupt, naturally selected colour morphs. These genetic variants may differentially affect sexual dimorphism if one morph is naturally selected in the two sexes but another morph is naturally or sexually selected only in one of the two sexes (e.g. to confer camouflage in reproductive females or confer mating advantage in males). Therefore, the balance between natural and sexual selections can differ between MC1R variants, as suggest studies showing interspecific correlations between sexual dimorphism and the rate of nonsynonymous vs. synonymous amino acid substitutions at the MC1R. Surprisingly, how MC1R is related to within-species sexual dimorphism, and thereby to sex-specific selection, has not yet been investigated. We tackled this issue in the barn owl (Tyto alba), a species showing pronounced variation in the degree of reddish pheomelanin-based coloration and in the number and size of black feather spots. We found that a valine (V)-to-isoleucine (I) substitution at position 126 explains up to 30% of the variation in the three melanin-based colour traits and in feather melanin content. Interestingly, MC1R genotypes also differed in the degree of sexual colour dimorphism, with individuals homozygous for the II MC1R variant being 2 times redder and 2.5 times less sexually dimorphic than homozygous individuals for the VV MC1R variant. These findings support that MC1R interacts with the expression of sexual dimorphism and suggest that a gene with major phenotypic effects and weakly influenced by variation in body condition can participate in sex-specific selection processes.
Goldenberg, J., Bisschop, K., Bruni, G., Di Nicola, M. R., Banfi, F., Faraone, F. P. "Replication Data for: Melanin-based color variation in response to changing climates in snakes"
<p>This repository contains the data used to produce the manuscrpit "Melanin-based color variation in response to changing climates in snakes" by Goldenberg, J., Bisschop, K., Bruni, G., Di Nicola, M. R., Banfi, F., Faraone, F. P.</p> <p>Article DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11627</p> <p>Journal: Ecology and Evolution</p>
Roy et al. 2023 Supplemental Information for "Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications."
<p><em>Supplemental Information for</em></p> <p>Sediment-encased pressure–temperature maturation experiments elucidate the impact of diagenesis on melanin-based fossil color and its paleobiological implications.</p> <p>Arindam Roy<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-6851</a>)</p> <p>Michael Pittman<em><sup>*</sup></em> (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-3078</a>)</p> <p>Thomas G. Kaye (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-618X</a>)</p> <p>Evan T. Saitta (<a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9306-9060</a>)</p> <p>*Corresponding author(s)</p> <p><strong>Email: </strong><a href="mailto:ar15313@bristol.ac.uk">ar15313@bristol.ac.uk</a> ; <a href="http://palaeopittman.com/2022/03/27/lab-members/mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk">mpittman@cuhk.edu.hk</a></p> <p>The Dataset contains two files, (1) Supporting Information and (2) Supporting Data PCA worksheet. </p> <p>The first contains Supplementary tables and figures (.docx file) while the structural organisation of the second (.xlsx file) is provided below:</p> <p>We received ToF-SIMS data (Samples 1–30, 36–51) pertaining to purified melanosome extracts of modern bird feathers (both fresh and capsule-matured) from Caitlin Colleary (Associate Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History), based on their previous work (Colleary et al. 2015). Citation below:</p> <p> </p> <p>Colleary, C., A. Dolocan, J. Gardner, S. Singh, M. Wuttke, R. Rabenstein, J. Habersetzer, S. Schaal, M. Feseha, M. Clemens, B. F. Jacobs, E. D. Currano, L. L. Jacobs, R. L. Sylvestersen, S. E. Gabbott, and J. Vinther. 2015. Chemical, experimental, and morphological evidence for diagenetically altered melanin in exceptionally preserved fossils. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112(41):12592-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509831112</p> <p> </p> <p>We further augmented this data set by adding ToF-SIMS spectra from our own samples (31-34, 52-79) pertaining to sediment encased maturation experiments (190ºC to 300ºC) and fossilised feathers of paravian dinosaurs housed at the Shandong Tianyu Museum of Natural History, Linyi Shi, Shandong, China.</p> <p>We conducted Principal Components Analysis with this Data and this dataset effectively serves as a PCA worksheet. The file can be opened/edited using Microsoft 365 Excel (.xlsx) with the following organisation of sheets.</p> <p>Sheets:</p> <p><strong>|----- PCA All</strong> : contains Sample ID, treatment categories, mass by charge (m/z) ratios of 55 peaks, peak identity and raw intensity counts</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA All Normalised</strong> : same data as PCA All but peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA All Mean Centered</strong>: same data as PCA Normalised but with peak raw intensity mean centered.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA All Loading Matrix:</strong> Loading matrix for PCA All using all 55 peaks.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA All Eigen Vectors: </strong>Eigen vectors for PCA All.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA All Scores: </strong> PCA scores for all 55 peaks.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids RAW</strong>: same data as PCA All but without peaks suspected to arise from lipids (e.g., CxH-).</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids Normalised:</strong> same data as PCA without Lipids RAW but with peak raw intensity counts normalised.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids MeanCentred:</strong> same data as PCA without Lipids Norm but with peak raw intensity counts mean centered.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids Loading Matrix:</strong> Loading matrix for PCA All excluding peaks of lipid origin (CxH-).</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors: </strong>Eigen vectors for PCA No Lipids Eigen Vectors.</p> <p><strong>|-----PCA No Lipids Scores:</strong> PCA scores for all peaks excluding those of lipid origin (CxH-).</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset has been created in Microsoft Office 365 (Excel: .xlsx file). The file can also be also be opened and edited using the following softwares.</p> <p>1. Google Sheets</p> <p>2. Apache Open Office</p> <p>3. Libre Office</p> <p>4. PAST 4 (free software for scientific data analysis, with functions for data manipulation, plotting, univariate and multivariate statistics, ecological analysis, time series and spatial analysis, morphometrics and stratigraphy)."</p>
Data from: Effect of the MC1R gene on sexual dimorphism in melanin-based colorations
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Data from: Melanin-based coloration of sneaker male Atlantic salmon is linked to viability and emergence timing of their offspring
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Data from: Evolution of wing length and melanin-based coloration in insular populations of a cosmopolitan raptor
<p><b>Aim.</b> Insular populations face different conditions than those living on continents, thus resulting in the evolution of typical insular phenotypes, like smaller body sizes or reduced colourations. However, the generality of the so-called "island rule" has been questioned, and intraspecific analyses on the effects of insularity on cosmopolitan species are lacking. Here, we tested the predictions of the island rule in the cosmopolitan common barn owl group.</p> <p><b>Location.</b> World.</p> <p><b>Taxon.</b> Barn owl species complex.</p> <p><b>Methods.</b> We compared wing and bill length, as well as melanin-based plumage traits, between thousands of insular and continental barn owls living in the Afro-Palearctic region (<i>T. alba</i>), in the Americas (<i>T. furcata</i>), and in Australasia (<i>T. javanica</i>). We also tested whether the difference between insular and continental populations in these phenotypic traits varies among islands/archipelagos of different size and isolation.</p> <p><b>Results.</b> In all the regions, we found differences between insular and continental owls in all the traits but bill length, with insular populations convergently evolving shorter wings and paler colourations. In addition, the difference in wing size between insular and continental populations is particularly marked on small and remote island systems, while melanin-based traits are less expressed especially on large islands.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions.</b> We thus provide unprecedented evidence that insular conditions drive predictable phenotypic variations, even at the intraspecific level in different biogeographic regions, possibly promoting speciation events. In addition, our results also indicate that selective advantages of a given colouration can arise as the by‐product of positive selection on individuals displaying phenotypic traits which can favour island colonization and are genetically linked to melanisation.</p>
Data from: Multivariate heredity of melanin-based coloration, body mass and immunity
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Data from: Evolution of wing length and melanin-based coloration in insular populations of a cosmopolitan raptor
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Data from: Evolutionary shifts in the melanin-based color system of birds
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