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46 results for “mesopelagic”
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean water
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>M2.2 Mesopelagic ocean water</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Diel vertical migration promotes prokaryotic diversity in the Red Sea mesopelagic
<p>ABSTRACT: The diel vertical migration (DVM) of fish provides an active transport of labile dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the deep ocean, fueling the metabolism of heterotrophic bacteria and archaea. We studied the impact of DVM on the mesopelagic prokaryotic diversity of the Red Sea focusing on the mesopelagic deep scattering layer (DSL) between 450-600 m. Despite the general consensus of homogeneous conditions in the twilight zone, we observed variability in physico-chemical variables and distinct seasonal indicator prokaryotes inhabiting the DSL, representing between 2% (summer) to over 10% (winter) of total sequences. The DSL samples diverged from the surrounding mesopelagic waters in multidimensional scaling analysis and were distributed according to depth (47% of variance explained). We identified the sources of diversity that contribute to the DSL using spring depth profiles. On average, 7% was related to probable sinking from the epipelagic, 34% was common among the other mesopelagic waters and 38% was attributable to the DVM, with 21% of species being unique to the DSL. We conclude that the mesopelagic physico-chemical properties shape a rather uniform prokaryotic community, but that the 200 m wide DSL contributes uniquely and in a high proportion to the diversity of the Red Sea mesopelagic.</p> <p>The raw 16S sequences used in this research article are available at <a href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB49545">https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/PRJEB49545</a> as 67 paired fastq sequences with consecutive accession numbers: ERX7411972 – ERX7412038.</p> <p>The 2 files stored in this repository represent: a) the clean 16S sequences count and taxonomic affiliation (SILVA132 Database) and b) the metadata associated to each of the 67 samples (lat, long, temperature, salinity, nutrient concentrations, bacterial abundance, bacterial size, etc)</p>
F I G U R E 5 in Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
F I G U R E 5 Log–log plot of the relative condition factor (Krel) vs. standard length (cm) calculated from length–weight relationships (LWRs) of the species (a) Argyropelecus affinis, (b) Argyropelecus sladeni, (c) Ceratoscopelus warmingii, (d) Diaphus dumerilii, (e) Electrona risso, (f) Lampanyctus nobilis, (g) Lepidophanes guentheri, (h) Notoscopelus resplendens and (i) Scopelogadus mizolepis (Table 3). Geographic regions are indicated by linetype, symbol and colour (EQ–C, dotted line, dark-blue square; EQ–N, two-dashed line, turquoise triangle; LO–E, solid line, red circle; LO–W, dashed line, violet diamond). If present, vertical dashed grey line indicates breakpoint in the LWR estimated by segmented regression analysis (cf. Table 2)
F I G U R E 1 in Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
F I G U R E 1 Stations in the eastern low-oxygen (LO–E), western low-oxygen (LO–W), northern equatorial (EQ–N) and central equatorial (EQ–C) regions of the eastern tropical North Atlantic sampled in this study
F I G U R E 4 in Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
F I G U R E 4 Distribution of form factor a3.0 for 55 mesopelagic species related to (a) body shape, (b) taxonomic family and (c) species. Form factor calculated from Equation 2 using across-species slope of S = 1.358 based on 1223 fish species presented in equation 17 in Froese (2006)
F I G U R E 3 in Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
F I G U R E 3 Scatter plot of mean log a (SL) over mean b for 55 mesopelagic species with information on body shape. Body shape:, elongated;, fusiform;, short-deep
F I G U R E 2 in Length-weight relationships of 55 mesopelagic fishes from the eastern tropical North Atlantic: Across- and within-species variation (body shape, growth stanza, condition factor)
F I G U R E 2 Frequency distribution of (a) mean log a (binwidth 0.2) and (b) mean exponent b (binwidth 0.1) based on 55 records (measured in centimetres and grams) of mesopelagic species of the eastern tropical North Atlantic during cruise WH383
Fig. 6 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 6. Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view (live), osculum is open; B, abactinal view of arm and disc (live), osculum closed; C, actinal view (live), open ambulacra reveal biserial tube feet rows; D, oral region (specimen alcohol preserved and dried) showing oral spine webbing that is independent for each oral plate. Arrow indicates a tricarinate suboral spine with a dense basal boss and a hyaline apical region. Scale bars: A = 5 mm; B = 2 mm; C = 2 mm; D = 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 4. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype. A, actinal view of whole specimen (live); B, actinal view of arm (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm.
Fig. 3 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 3. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype. A, abactinal view of whole specimen (live); B, abactinal view of arm (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). Scale bars: A = 10 mm; B = 5 mm.
Fig. 2 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 2. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species. Average superomarginal width-length ratios for the 1st interradial plate (I); 11th mid-arm plate (M); and distal 18th or 19th plate (D) in the holotype (ZRC.ECH.1301) and two paratypes (RCO.ECH.3332 & RCO.ECH.3333). n values in parentheses.
Fig. 1 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 1. The Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatera (Sumatra). Inset shows the location of the Strait within the Indonesian Archipelago. This map indicates the proximity of sites CP07 (at which Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, was found) and DW16 (at which Pteraster sjadesensis, new species, was found) to the 1883 VEI 6 eruption series and remnant of Krakatau. Scale bar = 20 km.
Fig. 5 in Two new species of sea star (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from mesopelagic depths in the Sunda Strait, Indonesia
Fig. 5. Dipsacaster fisheri, new species, holotype (specimen ethanol preserved and dried). A, interradial superomarginal plates bordering paxillose abactinal area and fringed by protruding spinose extensions of inferomarginal plates; B, actinal plates bearing clavate (club-shaped) spines and finer spinules. The ambulacral groove with its furrow spines is aligned across the top right hand corner; C, X-ray negative radiograph of whole specimen; D, X-ray negative radiograph of arm base; inferomarginal plate extensions bearing the laterally projecting spines become narrower than the plates themselves, particularly interradially. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B = 1 mm; C = 10 mm; D = 2 mm.
Palaeontological evidence for community-level decrease in mesopelagic fish size during Pleistocene climate warming in the eastern Mediterranean
<p><span>Mesopelagic fishes are an important element of marine food webs, a huge, still mostly untapped food resource, and great contributors to the biological carbon pump, whose future under climate change scenarios is unknown. The shrinking of commercial fishes within decades has been an alarming observation, but its causes remain contended. Here, we investigate the effect of warming climate on mesopelagic fish size in the eastern Mediterranean Sea during a glacial-interglacial-glacial transition of the Middle Pleistocene (marine isotope stages 20–18; 814–712 </span><span> </span><span>Kyr B.P.), which included a 4ºC increase of global seawater temperature. Our results based on fossil otoliths show that the median size of lanternfishes, one of the most abundant groups of mesopelagic fishes in fossil and modern assemblages, declined by ~35% with climate warming at the community level. However, individual mesopelagic species showed different and often opposing trends in size across the studied time interval, suggesting that climate warming in the interglacial resulted in an ecological shift toward increased relative abundance of smaller-sized mesopelagic fishes due to geographic and/or bathymetric distribution range shifts, and the size-dependent effects of warming. </span></p>
Measures and models of visual acuity in epipelagic and mesopelagic teleosts and elasmobranchs
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Palaeontological evidence for community-level decrease in mesopelagic fish size during Pleistocene climate warming in the eastern Mediterranean
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Mesopelagic fish reference specimen photographic library
<p>Mesopelagic fishes are a crucial component of the world's oceans in terms of their abundance, biomass, and ecosystem function. These fishes are important contributors to the biological carbon pump via their feeding and behaviors, whereby they facilitate the transfer of carbon from shallow waters to the deep sea. Several species undertake diel vertical migration, feeding in shallower waters at night and moving to deeper waters during the day. This process actively expedites the downward flux of carbon. However, carbon budgets and climate models require accurate information regarding the depth distributions and migration patterns of these fishes, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analyses can provide this information. Here, we utilize eDNA approaches, generating taxonomically-informative COI and 12S reference barcodes for 80 species of mesopelagic fishes, which can be used to for species-level identification of eDNA sequences. Using these, along with a publicly available barcode database, we compare results from eDNA analysis with traditional net sampling and explore the ability of eDNA techniques to detect diel vertical migration in fishes from samples collected in Northwest Atlantic Slope Water. We found that eDNA and net samples often resulted in different species identifications, demonstrating that eDNA can detect species that would otherwise be missed with traditional methods. In our eDNA samples, we also detected more species (12) in our shallowest depth category (0–100 m) from nighttime samples than from daytime samples (3). This is consistent with increased diversity in shallow waters at night due to diel vertical migration. Based on the variability observed in sample duplicates, we suggest that future mesopelagic eDNA studies incorporate larger sample volumes and scaled-up sampling efforts. We also note the potential for eDNA analysis to address ecological questions such as predator-prey relationships and identification of foraging hotspots, yielding insights into carbon flow through the ocean's midwaters.</p>
Mesopelagic fish reference specimen photographic library
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Processed EK60 acoustics data used to examine changes in vertical distribution of mesopelagic fish
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Downscaled climate projections of future mesopelagic habitat in the California Current Ecosystem
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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