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258 results for “metapopulation”
Selecting for infectivity across metapopulations can increase virulence in the social microbe Bacillus thuringiensis:data set.
<p>Passage experiments that sequentially infect hosts with parasites have long been used to manipulate virulence. However, for many invertebrate pathogens passage has been applied naively without a full theoretical understanding of how best to select for increased virulence and this has led to very mixed results. Understanding the evolution of virulence is complex because selection on parasites occurs across multiple spatial scales with potentially different conflicts operating on parasites with different life-histories. For example, in social microbes, strong selection on replication rate within hosts can lead to cheating and loss of virulence, because investment in public goods virulence reduces replication rate. </p> <p>In this study<em> </em>we tested how varying mutation supply and selection for infectivity or pathogen yield (population size in hosts) affected evolution of virulence against resistant hosts in the specialist insect pathogen <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em>, aiming to optimize methods for strain improvement against a difficult to kill insect target. We show that selection for infectivity using competition between sub-populations in a metapopulation prevents social cheating, acts to retain key virulence plasmids and facilitates increased virulence. Increased virulence was associated with reduced efficiency of sporulation, and possible loss of function in putative regulatory genes but not with altered expression of the primary virulence factors. Selection in a metapopulation provides a broadly applicable tool for improving the efficacy of biocontrol agents. Moreover, a structured host population can facilitate artificial selection on infectivity, while selection on life history traits such as faster replication or larger population sizes can reduce virulence in social microbes.</p>
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Spatial portfolios in coral metapopulations are shaped by spatiotemporal asynchrony in environmental conditions; Data for Srednick et al., 2026 Ecology Letters
Using wavelet analyses of a 19-year coral community timeseries from Moorea, French Polynesia, we quantified timescale-specific population synchrony in four common coral genera and evaluated the predictors of spatial portfolio effects. We detected synchrony within genera associated with synchrony in degree heating days, diurnal temperature range (DTR), and macroalgal cover at different timescales. Synchrony in DTR and macroalgal cover was associated with lower synchrony of Pocillopora and Porites populations, respectively. Population (for three of four genera) and environmental synchrony were stronger within than among habitats across timescales, underscoring the role of habitat-specific conditions in driving spatial synchrony and spatial portfolios. These results describe how the spatial and temporal scales of heterogeneity in environmental and ecological conditions determine synchrony in coral population dynamics and support a spatial portfolio effect, which may buffer coral metapopulations from island-scale collapse. Data in support of analyses for: Spatial portfolios in coral metapopulations are shaped by spatiotemporal asynchrony in environmental conditions. Published in Ecology Letters 2026.
Past and future effects of climate on the metapopulation dynamics of a NorthEast Atlantic seabird across two centuries
<p>Datasets required to run code for contribution:</p> <p>Past and future effects of climate on the metapopulation dynamics of a NorthEast Atlantic seabird across two centuries</p> <p>Jana WE Jeglinski, Holly I Niven, Sarah Wanless, Robert T. Barrett, Mike P. Harris, Jochen Dierschke and Jason Matthiopoulos</p> <p>Extension of a Bayesian metapopulation model fit to colony census data for all Northeast Atlantic colonies of the Northern gannet (<em>Morus bassanus</em>) described in Jeglinski et al. (2023) to investigate mechanistic relationships with climate and forecast metapopulation dynamics under two climate scenarios. </p>
Kelp metapopulations: Semi-annual time series of giant kelp patch area, biomass and fecundity in southern California, 1996 - 2006
These data describe the patch-scale canopy biomass and population fecundity of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, in southern California, USA, from 1996¬ to 2007. Biomass of the surface canopy was estimated using diver-calibrated Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus satellite imagery. Fecundity was estimated from canopy biomass pixel data using a seasonally-adjusted relationship between the diver-measured density of giant kelp spore-bearing tissue and the Landsat estimate of canopy biomass density using data collected across five years at the San Clemente Artificial Reef, located offshore of San Clemente, California, USA. Landsat pixel-scale estimates of giant kelp biomass and fecundity were summed across space for each giant kelp patch and averaged across time separately with two semesters each year (January–June and July–December). The location and area of each giant kelp patch are also provided. These data were described in <ulink url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/15-0283.1">Castorani, M. C., D. C. Reed, F. Alberto, T. W. Bell, R. D. Simons, K. C. Cavanaugh, D. A. Siegel and P. T. Raimondi. Connectivity structures local populations dynamics: a long-term empirical test in a large metapopulation system. Ecology. DOI: 10.1890/15-0283.1</ulink> These data are part of the NSF collaborative project: The effect of inbreeding on metapopulation dynamics of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (funded wholly or part by NSF Awards OCE-1233283, 1233288, 1233839).
Kelp metapopulations: Semi-annual time series of spore dispersal times among giant kelp patches in southern California, 1996 - 2006
These data describe the estimated dispersal duration of spores of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, among patches in southern California, USA, from 1996 to 2006. Asymmetrical and dynamic estimates of giant kelp spore dispersal durations among patches were estimated for 6-month periods (January - June and July - Dececember, 1996 - 2006) using minimum mean transit times connecting source and destination connectivity cells in a high-resolution, three-dimensional, spatiotemporally-explicit ocean circulation model (Regional Oceanic Modeling System, ROMS). Minimum transport times between giant kelp patches were assumed to be proportional to minimum transport times between ROMS cells and the alongshore distance between giant kelp patches
Data and code for 'Age truncation due to disease shrinks metapopulation viability for amphibians'
<p>This repository provides all data and R code from the analysis for the following paper:</p> <p>Heard, G.W., Scroggie, M.P., Hollanders, M., and Scheele, B.C. (in press). Age truncation due to disease shrinks metapopulation viability for amphibians. <em>Journal of Applied Ecology</em>. </p> <p>The data are provided as a series of .csv files. A GRD file is provided for the landscape rasters. R code is provided separately for each of the following components:</p> <p>1. A script to complete regression modelling of age structure data for populations of the focal species pre- and post-Bd, plus estimation of adult survival rates from the age structure data using the 'catch curve' approach ('Age_structure_analysis.R').</p> <p>2. A script to generate the sample landscapes used for simulations of metapopulation dynamics for the pre- and post-Bd time periods ('Derive_landscape_rasters.R').</p> <p>3. A script with functions for simulating metapopulation dynamics with the aid of the STEPS R package ('STEPS_model.R').</p> <p>4. A script to run the metapopulation simulations across all the demographic and connectivity scenarios, where connectivity scenarios are defined by the sample landscapes ('Run_STEPS_simulations.R'). </p> <p>5. A script to fit logistic regression models to the outcomes of the metapopulation simulations (extinction versus persistence) ('Metapop_sims_analysis_GLM.R').</p> <p>6. A script to fit multivariate normal hypervolumes to the outcomes of the metapopulation simulations (extinction versus persistence) ('Metapop_sims_analysis_MVNH.R').</p> <p>7. A script to generate each of the figures in the manuscript, plus Table 2 which requires post-hoc data compilation ('Generate_figures.R'). </p> <p>In combination, the data files and scripts allow all analyses from the paper to be reproduced. </p>
Simulated genetic data in a hierarchical metapopulation structure
<p>The data are linked to a research article entitled: “<em>Interactions between microenvironment, selection and genetic architecture drive multiscale adaptation in a simulation experiment” </em>in<em> Journal of Evolutionary Biology</em> (see References).</p> <p>In this research on multiscale adaptation, we simulated a hierarchical metapopulation structure with four populations, two environments per population and three patches per environment, in a two-step procedure:</p> <ul> <li>an initialization step without selection, with eight combinations of mutation type, selfing rate and QTL number parameters (2 modes each); out of 200,000 simulated generations in each case, we chose one with appropriate characteristics as a starting point for the next step;</li> <li>a selection step with all possible combinations of the following parameters: environmental pattern (4 modes), environmental range (5 modes), selection intensity (4 modes), fecundity (3 modes).</li> </ul> <p>This resulted in 240 scenarios for each initialized metapopulation, i.e. 1,920 scenarios in total. Each scenario was replicated 10 times, i.e. 19,200 simulation runs.</p> <p>The archive includes all data needed to reproduce the simulations and analyses, or to re-use the simulated metapopulations for other analyses. It has the following structure (further detailed below):</p> <ol> <li><strong>NemoScripts directory </strong>contains the <em>Nemo </em>input files used to perform simulations for the initialization step and the selection step;</li> <li><strong>RScripts directory </strong>contains the <em>R</em> scripts to read the <em>Nemo </em>output files, compute synthetic variables(*), and produce the figures as they appear in the publication and supplementary material (*: long computations, therefore we also directly provide those synthetic variables in the Data directory);</li> <li><strong>Data directory </strong>contains the <em>Nemo </em>output files, the synthetic variables, and other data needed to reproduce the figures; this directory can be used as a working directory for the <em>R</em> scripts (recommended).</li> </ol> <p>Running the following command in a terminal <strong><em>tar –xzvf Archive_PC_SOM_IS_FL.tar</em></strong> will create a directory named <strong><em>Archive_PC_SOM_IS_FL</em></strong>, which detailed content is described in the <strong><em>README.pdf</em></strong> file.<br> Warning: the extracted archive is large (460Go, >40,000 files) and extraction may take some time.</p>
Kelp Metapopulations: Macrocystis pyrifera microsatellite marker biogeography study
Dataset contains microsatellite genotypes specific for Macrocystis pyrifera (giant kelp). Table 1 describes seven loci from blades collected from 62 sites from Alaska, USA, to Baja California, Mexico, and Table 2 blades collected at 38 sites (subpopulations) in central California (Monterey Bay). Each row is the multilocus genotype for a single specimen (individual). These data were described in <ulink url="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.13371">Johansson ML, Alberto F, Reed DC, Raimondi PT, Coelho NC, Young MA, Drake PT, Edwards CA, Cavanaugh K, Assis J, Ladah LB, Bell TW, Coyer JA, Siegel DA, Serrão EA (2015) Seascape drivers of Macrocystis pyrifera population genetic structure in the northeast Pacific. Molecular Ecology. 24, 4866–4885.</ulink>
Data for "Disrupted connectivity within a metapopulation of a wind-pollinated declining conifer Taxus baccata L."
<p>A spreadsheet contains microsatellite genotypes and population coordinates necessary for estimating seed and pollen migration rates. In addition, a spreadsheet contains detailed individual data necessary for parentage analysis.</p> <p>For more details, see:</p> <p>Chybicki IJ, Robledo-Arnuncio JJ, Bodziarczyk J, Widlak M, Meyza, K, Oleksa A, Ulaszewski B (2024) Disrupted connectivity within a metapopulation of a wind-pollinated declining conifer, Taxus baccata L. Forest Ecosystems 100240 (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2197562024000769)</p>
Patch quality and genotype-by-environment interactions shape dispersal and post-settlement survival in a butterfly metapopulation
Active dispersal is driven by extrinsic and intrinsic factors at the three stages of departure, transfer, and settlement. Most empirical studies capture only one stage of this complex process, and knowledge of how much can be generalized from one stage to another remains unknown. Here we use genetic assignment tests to reconstruct dispersal across five years and 232 patches of a butterfly metapopulation. We link individual dispersal events to weather, landscape structure, size and quality of patches, and individual genotype to identify the factors that influence the three stages of dispersal and post-settlement survival. We found that nearly all tested factors strongly affected departure probabilities, but that the same factors explained very little variation in realized dispersal distances. Surprisingly, we found no effect of dispersal distance on post-settlement survival. Rather, survival was influenced by weather conditions, carry-over effects of natal patch quality, and a strong interaction between genotype and occupancy status of the settled patch, with more mobile genotypes having higher survival as colonists rather than as immigrants. Our work highlights the multicausality of dispersal and that some dispersal costs can only be understood by considering extrinsic and intrinsic factors and their interaction across the entire dispersal process.
Data for the manuscript: Demographic basis of spatially structured fluctuations in a threespine stickleback metapopulation
<p>Uncovering the demographic basis of population fluctuations is a central goal of population biology. This is particularly challenging for spatially structured populations, which require disentangling synchrony in demographic rates from coupling via immigration. In this study, we fit a stage-structured metapopulation model to a 29-year times series of threespine stickleback abundance in the heterogeneous and productive Lake Myvatn, Iceland. The lake comprises two basins (North and South) connected by a channel through which the stickleback disperse. The model includes time-varying demographic rates, allowing us to assess the potential contributions of recruitment and survival, spatial coupling via immigration, and demographic transience to the population's large fluctuations in abundance. Our analyses indicate that recruitment was only modestly synchronized between the two basins, whereas survival probabilities of adults were more strongly synchronized, contributing to cyclic fluctuations in the lake-wide population size with a period of approximately six years. The analyses further show that the two basins are coupled through immigration, with the North Basin subsidizing the South Basin and playing a dominant role in driving the lake-wide dynamics. Our results show that cyclic fluctuations of a metapopulation can be explained in terms of the combined effects of synchronized demographic rates and spatial coupling.</p>
Stability of patch-turnover relationships under equilibrium and nonequilibrium metapopulation dynamics driven by biogeography
<p>Two controversial tenets of metapopulation biology are whether patch quality and the surrounding matrix are more important to turnover (colonization and extinction) than biogeography (patch area and isolation) and whether factors governing turnover during equilibrium also dominate nonequilibrium dynamics. We tested both tenets using 18 years of surveys for two secretive wetland birds, black and Virginia rails, during (1) a period of equilibrium with stable occupancy and (2) after drought and arrival of West Nile Virus (WNV), which resulted in WNV infections in rails, increased extinction and decreased colonization probabilities modified by WNV, nonequilibrium dynamics for both species, and occupancy decline for black rails. Area (primarily) and isolation (secondarily) drove turnover during both stable and unstable metapopulation dynamics, greatly exceeding the effects of patch quality and matrix conditions. Moreover, slopes between turnover and patch characteristics changed little between equilibrium and nonequilibrium, confirming the overriding influences of biogeographic factors on turnover.</p>
Fig. 5 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 5. Population dynamics in 100 years when changing range of dispersal ages, assuming only males to disperse
Fig. 4 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 4. Population size of different sexes dispersing with 90% survival of dispersers in 100 years. M90%, F90% and F&M90% indicate dispersal of only males, only females, or both sexes, respectively
Fig. 1 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 1. The distribution of each subpopulation and the suggested "corridor belts" within the Minshan metapopulation. ZZWG sub-pop, BH sub-pop, MS sub-pop, BCH sub-pop, QFS sub-pop and GGS sub-pop are abbreviations for Zezhawagou subpopulation, Baihe subpopulation, Minshan subpopulation, Baicaohe subpopulation, Qianfoshan subpopulation, and Guangguangshan subpopulation,
Fig. 3 in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 3. Minshan metapopulation size in 100 years, assuming different dispersal rates and probabilities of disperser survival. Different curves correspond to different dispersal rates, as shown in the legend
Figures represent five groups respectively. In group, when the dispersal rate is equal to 1% values of the probability of disperser survival are 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 respectively as in groups and in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Figures represent five groups respectively. In group, when the dispersal rate is equal to 1% values of the probability of disperser survival are 1, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7, 0.6, 0.5 respectively as in groups and
Fig. 2. Stoch-r in The Influence Of Dispersal On The Metapopulation Viability Of Giant Panda (Aliuropoda Melanoleuca) In The Minshan Mountains
Fig. 2. Stoch-r of Baihe subpopulation with different dispersal rate and probability of disperser survival. Curves 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, 16% represent different dispersal rates
Data from: Dispersal in a house sparrow metapopulation: an integrative case study of genetic assignment calibrated with ecological data and pedigree information
<p class="western">Dispersal has a crucial role determining eco-evolutionary dynamics through both gene flow and population size regulation. However, to study dispersal and its consequences, one must distinguish immigrants from residents. Dispersers can be identified using telemetry, capture-mark-recapture (CMR) methods, or genetic assignment methods. All of these methods have disadvantages, such as, high costs and substantial field efforts needed for telemetry and CMR surveys, and adequate genetic distance required in genetic assignment. In this study, we used genome-wide 200K Single Nucleotide Polymorphism data and two different genetic assignment approaches (GSI_SIM, Bayesian framework; BONE, network-based estimation) to identify the dispersers in a house sparrow (<i>Passer domesticus</i>) metapopulation sampled over 16 years. Our results showed higher assignment accuracy with BONE. Hence, we proceeded to diagnose potential sources of errors in the assignment results from the BONE method due to variation in levels of inter-population genetic differentiation, intra-population genetic variation and sample size. We show that assignment accuracy is high even at low levels of genetic differentiation and that it increases with the proportion of a population that has been sampled. Finally, we highlight that dispersal studies integrating both ecological and genetic data provide robust assessments of the dispersal patterns in natural populations.</p>
Capture-recapture histories used in our paper "High long-term survival and asymmetric movements in a reintroduced metapopulation of cinereous vultures" published by Ecosphere
<p>These three datasets correspond to the capture-recapture histories used in the E-surge software (in the HEADED format) for both population models (Capture_recapture_histories_ALPS.txt for the Alps and Capture_recapture_histories_CAUSSES.txt for the Causses) and the metapopulation model (Capture_recapture_histories_METAPOPULATION.txt).</p> <p>Columns descriptor:</p> <ul> <li>H:O1 to H:O25 correspond to each occasion (i.e. year)</li> <li>S: correspond to the sample size (i.e. associated number of animals)</li> <li>RC: correspond to the Right Censoring ( -1 if the animal is removed at the last capture or 0 if no right censoring)</li> <li>$COV:Group correspond to the group to which the individual belongs</li> </ul> <p>Individuals were grouped by age (from the 1<sup>st</sup> year until ≥6<sup>th</sup> years), by release status (wild-born / hacking: released juveniles before fledging / aviary: released immatures, sub-adults or adults), by origin (Causses / Alps) and if a missing ring was replaced. All details for the groups are given in the Appendix B for both population models and in the Appendix C for the metapopulation model.</p>
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OpenNeuro
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