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FIGURE 2 in Additions to microfungi in China: Lentithecium yunnanensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 2. Lentithecium yunnanensis (HKAS 123192, holotype). a, b. The appearance of ascomata on host substrate. c. Section of an ascoma. d. Peridium. e. Pseudoparaphyses. f–j. Asci. k–o. Ascospores. p. Ascospore stained with Indian ink q. Germinating ascospore. r, s. Colony on PDA. Scale bars: c = 100 μm; f–j = 50 μm; d, q = 30μm; e = 20 μm; k–p = 10μm.

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FIGURE 1 in Additions to microfungi in China: Lentithecium yunnanensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. RAxML tree based on a combined dataset of SSU, LSU, ITS and tef1-α gene sequences. Bootstrap support values for ML equal to or greater than 65% and BYPP equal to or greater than 0.90 are given above the nodes. Strains of the newly described species are in blue, while ex-type strains are indicated in bold black.

FIGURE 5 in Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

FIGURE 5. Pathogenicity test results of Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis inoculated into healthy, Rhapis excelsa plants. Infected leaves with disease symptoms at ten days post-inoculation with a Mycelial plug. b Conidial suspension. Close up of leaf-spots on leaves inoculated with c–e Conidial suspension. e Mycelial plug.

FIGURE 4 in Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

FIGURE 4. Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis (ZHKU 21-0010, holotype). a Habitat. b Leaf spots on Rhapis excelsa. c Conidiomata on substrate. d Cross-section of conidiomata. e, f Conidiogenous cells and conidia. g Conidia. h, i Colony on PDA (i from the bottom). Scale bars: d = 100 µm, e–g = 25 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

FIGURE 3. Byssosphaeria phoenicis (ZHKU 21-0012, holotype). a Habitat. b–d Ascomata on substrate. e Vertical section of an ascoma. f Setae. g Peridium. h Pseudoparaphyses. i, j Asci. k–m Ascospores. n An ascospore in Indian Ink to show a sheath. o Colony on PDA (above view). p Colony on PDA (reverse view). Scale bars: c, d = 1 mm, e = 300 μm, f, g = 100 μm, h = 10 μm, i, j = 40 μm, k–n = 15 μm.

FIGURE 2 in Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

FIGURE 2. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef-1α sequence alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values greater than 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. The tree is rooted with Periconia igniaria (CBS 379.86). Ex-type strains are in bold and the newly generated sequences are indicated in red bold.

FIGURE 1 in Microfungi associated with ornamental palms: Byssosphaeria phoenicis sp. nov. (Melanommataceae) and Pseudocoleophoma rhapidis sp. nov. (Dictyosporiaceae) from south China

FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis based on combined ITS, LSU, SSU, and tef-1α sequence alignment. Maximum likelihood bootstrap support values greater than 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities greater than 0.95 are given at the nodes. The tree is rooted with Hysterium angustatum (MFLU 16-1179). Ex-type cultures are in bold and the newly generated sequences are indicated in red bold

FIGURE 1 in Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P.R. China

FIGURE 1. The Curvularia phylogram was constructed based on combined LSU, ITS, gapdh, and tef1-α sequences. The tree is rooted with Johnalcornia aberrans (CBS 510.91 and CBS 281.91). The BI and ML bootstrap support values equal to or greater than 0.90 BYPP and 60 % are shown at the first and second positions above the nodes, respectively. Type strains are in bold, and newly generated strains are in red.

FIGURE 3 in Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P.R. China

FIGURE 3. Curvularia geniculata (HKAS 129046). a Mycelia on a dead caterpillar; b,c obverse and reverse in PDA; d–f stromata on PDA; g–j conidiophores, and conidiogenous cells bearing conidia; k–n conidia.

FIGURE 4 in Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P.R. China

FIGURE 4. Purpureocillium atypicola (HKAS 129045). a P. atypicola colonized on a dead spider; b,c close-up of colonies; d–f,h,i conidiophores bearing conidiogenous cells and conidia stained by congo red reagent; g mycelium stained by congo red reagent; j conidia stained by congo red reagent; k germinated conidia; l,m colonies on PDA.

FIGURE 2 in Microfungi associated with dead caterpillars and spiders in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, P.R. China

FIGURE 2. Purpureocillium phylogram was constructed based on combined LSU, ITS, SSU, tef1-α, and rpb1 sequences. The tree is rooted with Tolypocladium cylindrosporum (YFCC 1805001), and T. inusitaticapitatum (HKAS 112152). The BI and ML bootstrap support values equal to or greater than 0.95 BYPP and 60% are shown at the first and second positions above the nodes, respectively. Type strains are in bold, and newly generated strains are in red.

FIGURE 9. Location map and Collecting sites. a in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 9. Location map and Collecting sites. a Location map of collecting sites b Tea plantation of Alishan Mountain. c Mountain areas of Alishan Mountain. d Mountain areas of Fenghuang Mountain e Tea plantation of Fenghuang Mountain. (Captured by A. R. Rathnayaka and D. S. Tennakoon).

FIGURE 1 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 1. RAxML tree generated from combined dataset of SSU, LSU, ITS and rpb2. Related sequences were acquired from GenBank and Li et al. (2020). The tree is rooted to Dendrographa decolorans Ertz 5003 (BR). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.95 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted at the end of the species name. Newly introduced species is represented as blue and type strains are in bold.

FIGURE 5 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 5. Pseudorobillarda camelliae-sinensis (MFLU 21-0007, holotype) on leaf of Camellia sinensis. a Specimen. b Appearance of conidiomata on host surface. c Close-up of conidioma. d Vertical section of conidioma. e Section through peridium. f–h Paraphyses, conidiogenous cells with developing conidia. i–l Conidia. m Germinating conidium (indicated by an arrow). n Colony from above. o Colony from below. Scale bars: b = 500 μm, c = 100 μm, d = 50 μm, f, i–m = 10 μm, e, g, h = 5 μm.

FIGURE 7 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 7. Vaginatispora palmae (MFLU 21-0009, new host record) on dead branch of Swietenia macrophylla. a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Close-up of ascoma. c, d Sections through an ascoma. e Section through peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–k Immature to mature asci. l–p Ascospores. q Germinating ascospore. r Colony from above. s Colony from below. Scale bars: a =500 μm, b, d = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, g–k = 20 μm, e, f, l–q = 10 μm.

FIGURE 8. Ramusculicola thailandica a in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 8. Ramusculicola thailandica a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Close-up of ascoma. c, d Sections through an ascoma. e Section through peridium. f Pseudoparaphyses. g–j Asci. k–o Ascospores. p Germinating ascospore. q Colony from above. r Colony from below. Scale bars: a =500 μm, b = 200 μm, c, d = 100 μm, e, k–o = 5 μm, f, p = 10 μm, g–j = 20 μm

FIGURE 2 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of LSU, ITS and rpb2. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Mapook et al. (2020). The tree is rooted to Stemphylium vesicarium (CBS 191.86 and MFLUCC 13-0344). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.95 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are mentioned at the end of the species name. New isolate used in this study represented as blue bold and type strains are in bold.

FIGURE 4 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree generated from ML analysis based on combined dataset of LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α. Related sequences were obtained from GenBank and Jaklitsch et al. (2016). The tree is rooted to Decaisnella formosa (BCC 25617). Bootstrap support values for ML ≥ 70 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) ≥ 0.95 are noted at the nodes. Strain numbers are noted at the end of the species name. New isolates used in this study represented as blue bold and type strains are in bold.

FIGURE 6 in Additions to the microfungi in Taiwan: introducing Pseudorobillarda camelliaesinensis sp. nov., (Pseudorobillardaceae) and new host records of pleosporalean taxa in mountainous habitats

FIGURE 6. Neopyrenochaeta triseptatispora (MFLU 21-0008, new host record) on dead branch of Sambucus formosana. a Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. b Close-up of ascomata. c Vertical section through an ascoma. d Section through peridium. e Pseudoparaphyses. f–i Asci. j–n Ascospores. o Germinating ascospore. p Colony from above. q Colony from below. Scale bars: a =500 μm, b = 100 μm, c = 50 μm, d, e = 5 μm, f–o = 10 μm.