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Figs 8–13. 8 – anterior spiracle. 9 in Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Figs 8–13. 8 – anterior spiracle. 9 – two patches of sclerotized spicules. 10 – mesothoracic proleg; 11 – first abdominal proleg; 12 – sixth abdominal proleg; 13 – posterior breathing tube. Abbreviations: cs – central scars; fa – facets; ip – incurved plate; is – interspiracular setae; so – spiracular openings; sp – spiracular plate.
Figs 2–7 in Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Figs 2–7. Third instar larva of Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838). 2 – head and thoracic segments (pro- and mesothorax), ventral view; 3 – antennomaxillary organs; 4 – details of the cephalic region and lips; 5–6 – long branched spicules in the upper margin on the lateral lips; 7 – longitudinal grooves and anterior spiracles, dorsal view. Abbreviations: am – antennomaxillary organs; an – antenna; as – anterior spiracles; bs – branched spicules; dl – dorsal lips; es – extra pair of sensilla; ll – lateral lips; mp – maxillary palp; mtp – mesothoracic prolegs; ts – tuft of long setae; vl – ventral lips.
Fig. 4. Fruit and seed micromorphology. A–H. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Fig. 4. Fruit and seed micromorphology. A–H. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 4415 (CTES). A–E. Capsule. A. Dehiscent capsule, lateral view. B. Valve, dorsal view. C. Valve, ventral view. D. Cross section capsule. E. Septum. F–H. Seed. F. Dorsal view. G. Ventral view, with diffuse strophiole. H. Detail of the testa. I–P. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). I–M. Capsule. I. Dehiscent capsule, lateral view. J. Valve, dorsal view. K. Valve, ventral view. L. Cross section of the valve, seed, and septum. M. Septum. N–P. Seed. N. Dorsal view. O. Ventral view. P. Detail of the testa. Abbreviations: s = seed; se = septum; v = valve. Scale bars: A–G, I–O = 200 µm; H, P = 20 µm.
Fig. 3. Flower micromorphology. A–I. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M in Two new species of Psyllocarpus (Spermacoceae, Rubiaceae) from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Fig. 3. Flower micromorphology. A–I. Psyllocarpus itakangapyra Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 4415 (CTES). A. Flower bud. B. Papillate external surface of the corolla. C. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. D. Detail of style and stigma. E. Opened corolla. F. Papillate internal surface of the corolla lobes. G. Moniliform trichomes at internal surface of the corolla. H. Nectariferous disk, top view. I. Detail of striate nectariferous disk cells and functional stomata. J–R. P. vianae Sobrado, J.A.M.Carmo & R.M.Salas sp. nov.; P.L. Viana et al. 5887 (CTES). J. Flower bud. K. Papillate external surface of the corolla. L. Hypanthium, calyx, style, and stigma. M. Detail of style and stigma. N. Opened corolla. O. Papillate internal surface of the corolla lobes and moniliform trichomes. P. Inner wall of a dehiscent anther, showing the prescence of orbicules. Q. Nectariferous disk, top view. R. Detail of striate nectariferous disk cells. Scale bars: A, C, E, J, L, N 200 µm; B, G, K, R = 20 µm; D, F, M = 50 µm; H, O, Q = 100 µm; I = 10 µm; P = 2 µm.
FIG. 7 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 7. — UPGMA dendrogram of the 21 of Iranian species of Alchemilla L. based on achene micromorphological characters.
FIG. 6 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 6. — SEM Micrographs showing the achene sculpturing types of the Alchemilla L. species. Colliculate without folding: A, A. hyrcana (Buser) Juz.; B, A. sedelmeyeriana Juz.. Colliculate with folding: C, A. fluminea S.E.FrÖhner; D, A. caucasica Buser; E, A. microscopica (with X folding). Colliculate with folding and Papillae: F, A. sericata Rchb.. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, 20 μm; E, 10 μm; F, 50 μm.
FIG. 3 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 3. — SEM micrographs showing the achene surface types of the Alchemilla L. species. Uneven and Irregular Fine Elevations: A, B, A. caucasica Buser; C, D, A. persica Rothm.; E, F, A. microscopica S.E.FrÖhner; G, H, A. fluminea S.E.FrÖhner; I, J, A. erythropoda Juz.; K, L, A. rigida Buser; M, N, A. condenca S.E.FrÖhner; O, P, A. sedelmeyeriana Juz. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, 50 μm.
FIG. 2 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 2. — SEM micrographs showing the achene surface types of the Alchemilla L. species. Irregular Reticulate Elevation: A, B, A. plicatissima S.E.FrÖhner; C, D, A. pseudocartalinica Juz.; E, F, A. pectiniloba S.E.FrÖhner; G, H, A. gigantodus S.E.FrÖhner; I, J, A. rechingeri Rothm.; K, L, A. melancholica S.E.FrÖhner; M, N, A. farinosa S.E.FrÖhner; O, P, A. hessii Rothm. Q, R, Ruminate Lineate Elevation, A. kurdica Rothm. ex Bornm.; S, T, Ruminate Elevation and Depression, A. valdehirsuta Buser. Scale bars: A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O, Q, S, 500 μm; B, D, F, H, J, L, N, P, R, S, 50 μm.
FIG. 5 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 5. — SEM Micrographs showing the achene sculpturing types of the Alchemilla L. species. Reticulate- Foveate-Tuberculate: A, A. plicatissima S.E.FrÖhner. Ruminate-Foveate-Tuberculate: B, A. citrina S.E.FrÖhner; C, A. valdehirsuta Buser. Ruminate Reticulate-Tuberculate: D, A. kurdica Rothm. ex Bornm. Colliculate without folding: E, A. rigida Buser; F, A. condensa S.E.FrÖhner. Scale bars: 10 μm.
FIG. 1 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 1. — Achene of Alchemilla L.: A. sericata Rchb.: 1, length; 2, width;3, achene base; 4, achene apex; 5, hilum length; 6, suture; 7, style scare. Scale bar: 500 μm.
FIG. 4 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 4. — SEM Micrographs showing the achene sculpturing types of the Alchemilla L. species: Reticulate-Falsi Foveate: A, A. farinosa S.E.FrÖhner. Reticulate Foveate: B, A. pectiniloba S.E.FrÖhner; C, A. gigantodus S.E.FrÖhner; D, A. pseudocartalinica Juz.. Reticulate Alveolate: E, A. rechingeri Rothm.. Ruminate Reticulate- Foveate-Tuberculate: F, A. melancholica S.E.FrÖhner. Scale bars: A, B, F, 10 μm; C, D, E, 20 μm.
FIG. 8 in Achene micromorphology of the genus Alchemilla L. (Rosaceae) in Iran
FIG. 8. — Bi plot of the PCA analysis of 21 Iranian species of Alchemilla L. based on achene micromorphological characters.
Fig. 5 - Fruit micromorphology. Mericarps. A, B in Dichoropetalum schottii: examination of the type specimen, distribution and comparison with D. carvifolium-chabraei (Apiaceae)
Fig. 5 - Fruit micromorphology. Mericarps. A, B) Dichoropetalum carvifolium-chabraei; C, D) D. schottii; A, C) dorsal rib; B, D) vallecula.
Fig. 2 Micromorphological differences between Drepanocladus longifolius and D in Do Antarctic populations represent local or widespread phylogenetic and ecological lineages? Complicated fate of bipolar moss concepts with Drepanocladus longifolius as a case study
Fig. 2 Micromorphological differences between Drepanocladus longifolius and D. capillifolius. Alar cells of D. longifolius a, b—from Lyall 47, Falkland Islands. Alar cells of D. capillifolius c―from Nelson 4262, USA, Wyoming (KRAM), d―from isolectotype of Hypnum capillifolium var. fallax Renauld, Canada, Quebec. Scale bar 100 μm
Fig. 1 in Micromorphology of egg and larva of Eristalis fratercula, with an updated key of Eristalis species with known third instar larvae (Diptera: Syrphidae)
Fig. 1. Eristalis fratercula (Zetterstedt, 1838), surface of the egg with star-shaped pattern.
Dissection for floral micromorphology and plastid genome of valuable medicinal borages Arnebia and Lithospermum (Boraginaceae)
<p>The genera <em>Arnebia </em>and <em>Lithospermum </em>(Lithospermeae-Boraginaceae) comprise 25–30 and 50–60 species, respectively. Some of them are economically valuable, as their roots frequently contain a purple-red dye used in the cosmetic industry. Furthermore, dried roots of <em>Arnebia euchroma</em>, <em>A. guttata</em>, and <em>Lithospermum erythrorhizon</em>, which have been designated Lithospermi Radix, are used as traditional Korean herbal medicine. This study is the first report on the floral micromorphology and complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of <em>A. guttata </em>(including <em>A. tibetana</em>), <em>A. euchroma</em>, and <em>L. erythrorhizon</em>. We reveal great diversity in floral epidermal cell patterns, gynoecium, and structure of trichomes. The cp genomes were 149,361–150,465 bp in length, with conserved quadripartite structures. In total, 112 genes were identified, including 78 protein-coding regions, 30 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. Gene order, content, and orientation were highly conserved and were consistent with the general structure of angiosperm cp genomes. Comparison of the four cp genomes revealed locally divergent regions, mainly within intergenic spacer regions (<em>atpH-atpI, petN-psbM, rbcL-psaI, ycf4-cemA, ndhF-rpl32, </em>and <em>ndhC-trnV-UAC</em>). To facilitate species identification, we developed molecular markers <em>psaA- ycf3 </em>(PSY), <em>trnI-CAU- ycf2 </em>(TCY), and <em>ndhC-trnV-UAC</em> (NCTV) based on divergence hotspots. High-resolution phylogenetic analysis revealed clear clustering and a close relationship of <em>Arnebia </em>to its <em>Lithospermum </em>sister group, which was supported by strong bootstrap values and posterior probabilities. Overall, gynoecium characteristics and genetic distance of cp genomes suggest that <em>A. tibetana</em>, might be recognized as an independent species rather than a synonym of <em>A. guttata</em>. The present morphological and cp genomic results provide useful information for future studies, such as taxonomic, phylogenetic, and evolutionary analysis of Boraginaceae.</p>
Trichome micromorphology in Alcea L. and allied genera (Malvaceae) and its systematic
Trichomes of 26 species of the genus Alcea were investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The trichomes show a great micromorphological variation, which provides interesting data for species delimitation in Alcea. Two basic types of trichomes can be distinguished in the genus Alcea and the allied genera: glandular and eglandular. The glandular trichomes can in turn be subdivided into two subtypes: capitate and clavate. The eglandular trichomes can be subdivided into five subtypes: simple, fascicled, stellate, fascicled-stellate and pluri-radiate. Characters of taxonomic interest are: trichome density (glabrous to dense), number of arms per trichome, orientation relative to the epidermal surface (appressed to erect) and presence/absence of stalk. According to our results the species of Alcea can be divided into four informal groups based on trichome types. Our results support the exclusion of annual Althaea from the perennial ones and its close placement to Malva. In addition, the close relationship between perennial Althaea and basal Alcea lineages is supported by our trichome micro-morphological investigation. Based on the evolutionary framework provided by recent molecular phylogenetic investigations, following trends can be proposed in Malva alliance: long and narrowly armed trichomes are primitive against the short and thickly armed trichomes, dense indumentum coverage is primitive against the moderately dense or glabrous ones, the presence of simple hairs on stem (particularly on leaves) is more advanced against their absence, spreading villous-stellate and fascicled trichomes are more advanced against the appressed stellate ones and clavate trichomes, which were found exclusively in few species of Alcea, should be considered as a derived state against the capitate ones, and potentially provide a synapomorphy for the crown group of Alcea, but this conclusion needs to be tested by adding more species to trichome morphological analysis.
Micromorphological investigations on site manipulation, destruction and abandonment in Swiss lake-dwellings
<p>This dataset is a supplement to my doctoral thesis "Mikromorphologische Untersuchungen zu syn- und postsedimentären Veränderungen sowie Auflassungsprozessen an Schichtsequenzen in prähistorischen Seeufersiedlungen" which is available at http://edoc.unibas.ch/.</p> <p>The dataset contains thin section descriptions from selected samples of the following Neolithic and Late Bronze Age lake-dwelling sites: Zürich-Kanalisationssanierung Seefeld, Zürich-Opéra, Zug-Riedmatt, Greifensee-Böschen, Zürich-Alpenquai and Viverone I-Emissario. The results of the analysis and additional information on the sites are presented in the before mentioned thesis.</p>
FIGURE 9 in Micromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
FIGURE 9. Comparative analysis between left and right stridulatory apparatus of eight Gryllidae species (Mean±SE). *indicates that the difference between left and right stridulatory apparatus is significant (P <0.05).
FIGURE 6 in Micromorphological differentiation of left and right stridulatory apparatus in crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of the stridulatory file of Teleogryllus emma (Ohmachi et Matsumura 1951). A: Entire left file showing its shape, scale bar=750 µm; B: Entire right file showing its shape, scale bar=1000 µm; C: Mid portion of the left file as seen in dorsal view, scale bar=50 µm; D: Mid portion of the right file as seen in dorsal view, scale bar=50 µm.
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