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Fig. 5. a in Local ecological knowledge of fishers about the life cycle and temporal patterns in the migration of mullet (Mugil liza) in Southern Brazil

Fig. 5. a) Whole muscular stomach (gizzard) and b) Opened gizzard, with sand and mud (in March), both of mullet (Mugil liza).

Fig. 3 in Local ecological knowledge of fishers about the life cycle and temporal patterns in the migration of mullet (Mugil liza) in Southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Percentage of the interviewed fishers (n=45) that cited the month when mullet exiting lagoons/estuaries ('criadouros') for migration, spawning and return. Some fishermen cited more than one month for each event, five did not knew about when spawning occurred and seven when mullets returned to the lagoons/estuaries.

Fig. 4 in Local ecological knowledge of fishers about the life cycle and temporal patterns in the migration of mullet (Mugil liza) in Southern Brazil

Fig. 4. Abdominal checking of mullet (Mugil liza) sex. a) Female: yellow eggs (n=27) through the urogenital orifice, and b) Male: white eggs/sperm (n=36) through the urogenital orifice.

Fig. 2 in Local ecological knowledge of fishers about the life cycle and temporal patterns in the migration of mullet (Mugil liza) in Southern Brazil

Fig. 2. The life cycle of the mullet Mugil liza following local ecological knowledge of fishers from Santa Catarina State: a) Exit of mullets from 'criadouros' or breeding sites (lagoons and estuaries) to the sea (n= 45); b) Migration of mullets known as 'corrida' (run) and recurrent gathering with smaller schools (schooling or thickening process). The outlined map represents the Santa Catarina State coastline and main stopping/fishing sites for mullets. Arrows corresponds to our data-collection sites, which were indicated as main fishing locations; c) Outline of Santa Catarina State island (Florianópolis city) and Bombinhas as most external (to the East) coastal areas and where larger captures of mullets occurs during the fishing season; d) Male and female spawning with respective milky ('ova leiteira') and yellowish ('ova amarela') gonads. According to most of our informants, after fecundation female mullets may hold their eggs under their scales until they become juvenile; e) Northward migration to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, following by their (adults plus juveniles) southward return to lagoons and estuaries; f) Entrance of adult mullets and recruitment of juveniles in lagoons and estuaries; g) Growth and feeding of adults and juveniles in lagoons and estuaries.

Fig. 1 in Local ecological knowledge of fishers about the life cycle and temporal patterns in the migration of mullet (Mugil liza) in Southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Santa Catarina State coast, data collection sites (triangles) and the number of interviewed fishermen (in parenthesis; total N=45).

Fig. 2 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.

Fig. 2. (a) The phylogenetic tree showing the stranded baleen whale (Baleen whale KP/Sabah/02082012) clustered together with the fin whale Balaenoptera physalus (U13103, Z18633 and X61145). (b) The phylogenetic analysis of the cytochrome b gene sequence indicating that the stranded fin whale (Baleen whale KP/Sabah/02082012) is closely related to the specimen of fin whales from the southern hemisphere with accession number KC572845, which represents Balaenoptera physalus quoi.

Fig. 1 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.

Fig. 1. Stranding site (red-filled triangle) of the fin whale at the Sitompok River (Lat. 05°34'672"N; Long.115°39'710"E) near Kuala Penyu (KP), a coastal town overlooking the South China Sea on the western shores of Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia) (inset map). The approximate location of the sighting of possible fin whales reported by De Boer (2000) is marked with a blue-filled circle. The distribution ranges of rorquals species, including fin whales, in the Philippine waters reported by Slijper et al. (1964) and Acebes (2014) are marked with green-filled circles. The locations of fin whales' migration ranges in Australian waters according to Aulich et al. (2019) are shown using red-filled circles. The stranding site of the unconfirmed fin whale species at Pulau Sugi (Junge 1950) is indicated by a yellow-filled circle.

Fig. 4 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.

Fig. 4. (a) Concentrations of trace elements (Mean ± SD) in the skin and blubber of the southern fin whale recorded in the present study compared to (b) the concentrations of trace elements in the skin of southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) extracted from the results of Martino et al. (2013).

Fig. 3 in Molecular Identification, Fatty Acid Profile and Trace Elements in a Stranded Fin Whale in Sabah (Borneo, Malaysia): Implications on Migration Routes and Trophic Ecology of Southern Fin Whales.

Fig. 3. Comparison of the percentages of fatty acid profiles for (a) SFA, (b) MUFA and (c) PUFA in the tissues of adult male (M) and female (F) southern humpback whales during the early and late migrations extracted from the results of Waugh et al. (2012), epipelagic and mesopelagic (i.e., average) fish in the South China Sea (SCS) extracted from the supplementary data of Wang et al. (2019) and the southern fin whale in the present study.

Fig. 27 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 27. Size structure on four foraging grounds that presumably represent benthic developmental habitat for Lepidochelys kempii. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, is from Pritchard and Marquez (1973). Sources are: A, Carr and Caldwell (1956); B, Morreale et al. (1992); C, Musick and Limpus (1996); and D, Henwood and Ogren (1987).

Fig. 24 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 24. Size structure on four foraging grounds that presumably represent benthic developmental habitats for Chelonia mydas. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, for C. mydas in the Atlantic (A, B, and D) based on 178 laparoscopies of C. mydas in Panama (Meylan and Meylan, unpubl. data); that for the Pacific (C) from Balazs (1980). Sources are: A, Bjorndal and Bolten (1995); B, Ehrhart et al., (1996); C, Balazs et al., (1987); D, Carr and Caldwell (1956).

Fig. 23 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 23. Life cycle models for cheloniid sea turtles that reflect overlap between benthic developmental habitat and other stages of the life cycle. A, Overlap between developmental habitat and the adult migratory pathway as occurs for Chelonia mydas at the Zapatilla Cays, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama (this study, Meylan and Meylan, unpubl. data). B, Overlap between developmental habitat and internesting habitat that apparently occurs for Caretta caretta along the east coast of Florida (Henwood, 1987; Ernest et al., 1989). C, Partial overlap between developmental habitat and the adult foraging range as appears to occur for Eretmochelys imbricata at Mona Island, Puerto Rico (Van Dam and Diez, 1998b), and around Antigua and Barbuda (Fuller et al., 1992). D, Complete overlap between developmental habitat and the adult foraging range that may be common for Chelonia mydas in the Pacific (see text on contradictory evidence).

Fig. 19 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 19. Size distribution of Chelonia mydas at Zapatilla Cays, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. A, Captures made during 13 migratory season samples (May, June, July, and September), 1990–2005. B, Captures from one nonmigratory season sample, January, 1994. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, is based on laparoscopy of 178 C. mydas in Bocas del Toro, Panama, and size criteria developed from laparoscopy data (this study; Meylan and Meylan, unpubl. data).

Fig. 20 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 20. Carapace length (SCLmin), weight, and maturity status for 69 immature Chelonia mydas from Zapatilla Cays, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. For explanation of maturity stages, see Methods. Maturity status is based on laparoscopy. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, is based on laparoscopy of 178 C. mydas in Bocas del Toro, Panama, and size criteria developed from laparoscopy data (this study; Meylan and Meylan, unpubl. data).

Fig. 21 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 21. Carapace length, weight, and maturity status for Eretmochelys imbricata from Zapatilla Cays, Bocas del Toro Province, Panama (n 5 29), and Mona Island, Puerto Rico (n 5 16). Maturity status was determined by laparoscopy or nesting. For explanation of maturity stages, see methods. The minimum size at maturity indicated by the dashed line (67 cm SCLmin), is based on laparoscopies and observations of ''soft plastra'' in reproductive males (Wibbels et al., 1991a; see Discussion).

Fig. 25 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 25. Size structure for Eretmochelys imbricata on four foraging grounds that represent, at least in part, benthic developmental habitat for this species. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, for A, B, and C is from this study (see discussion), minimum adult size for D is from Limpus (1992). Sources are: A, Leon and Diez (1999); B, Van Dam and Diez (1998b); C, Boulon (1994); D, Limpus (1992). Note that turtle size is given as straight carapace length (SCL) in A–C and as curved carapace length (CCL) in D. Limpus (1992) gives the following relationship for CCL and SCL, SCL 5 CCL (0.936) + 0.403.

Fig. 26 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 26. Size structure for Caretta caretta on four foraging grounds that represent, at least in part, benthic developmental habitat. Minimum adult size, indicated by the dashed line, is from Kaufmann (1975). Sources are: A, Ehrhart et al., (1996); B, Ruckdeschel and Zug (1982); C, Musick and Limpus (1996); and D, Henwood (1987).

Fig. 17 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 17. Size distribution of 81 Caretta caretta at first capture near Secretary, Panama (1987–1997). SCLmin for seven turtles calculated from standard carapace length (SCLn-t); see table 9.

Fig. 18 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 18. Carapace length (SCLmin), weight, and maturity status as determined by laparoscopy for 22 Caretta caretta from Bocas del Toro Province and the Comarca Ngöbe-Bugle´, Panama. Seventeen were captured at the Secretary study site and five at the Zapatilla Cays study site. For explanation of maturity stages, see methods. Minimum adult size, indicated by dashed line, based on Kaufmann (1975; see Discussion).

Fig. 16 in The Ecology And Migrations Of Sea Turtles 8. Tests Of The Developmental Habitat Hypothesis

Fig. 16. International recaptures of 36 immature Chelonia. mydas and 6 immature Caretta caretta (in parentheses) tagged in the Bocas del Toro area of Panama. Turtles tagged at both the Secretary and Zapatilla Cays study sites are shown.