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16 results for “migration speed”
Fig. 6. Prochilodus costatus swimming speeds measured a in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 6. Prochilodus costatus swimming speeds measured a. in this study in stretch 2 and b. in the laboratory by Santos et al. (2012). Central points are medians, boxes represent percentiles 25 and 75 and whiskers represent amplitude. Dashed lines separate different kinds of fish movements. BL/s = swimming velocity in standard length of fish per second.
Effect of heterogeneous substrate adhesivity of follower cells on speed and tension profile of leader cells in primary keratocyte collective cell migration
<p><span>In single keratocyte motility, membrane tension is reported to be high at cell-fronts and believed to establish front coherence. To understand role of membrane mechanics in collective cell migration, we study membrane height fluctuations in cell sheets from fish scales using interference reflection microscopy (IRM). We report the monolayer to have cells lacking substrate adhesion and show that such "non-sticky" cells can form bridges between leader cells and far-away follower cells. Do such interactions alter motility and membrane mechanics in such leaders? We find non-significant, but reduced speed for leaders with "non-sticky" followers in comparison to other leaders. Cells show high phenotypic variability in their membrane fluctuation tension profiles. On average, this tension is found to be lower at cell fronts than the mid-section. However, leaders with non-sticky followers are more prone to display higher tension at their front and have a negative correlation between cell speed and front-mid tension difference. We, thus, conclude that intracellular tension gradients are heterogeneous in cell sheets and substrate adhesivity of followers can control the coupling of the gradient to cell speed.</span></p>
Effect of heterogeneous substrate adhesivity of follower cells on speed and tension profile of leader cells in primary keratocyte collective cell migration
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Data from: Nathusius' bats optimize long-distance migration by flying at maximum range speed.
Metabolic rate of 12 Pipistrellus nathusii in relation to varying airspeed. We measured the metabolic rate of flying bats in a wind tunnel using the 13C labeled Na-bicarbonate method. The relationship between metabolic rate and airspeed was U-shaped in the majority of individuals. We could not find a U-shaped curve in a few individuals that engaged in flight manoeuvers, including landing. We used the shape of the U-shaped power curve to estimate minimum flight speed and maximum range speed for the study species. Further we present data on migration speed (n=37) and foraging flight speed (n=40) in wild Pipistrellus nathusii at a major miratory corridor in Latvia.
Data from: Nathusius' bats optimize long-distance migration by flying at maximum range speed.
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Data from: African departure rather than migration speed determines variation in spring arrival in pied flycatchers
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Fig. 3 in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 3. Comparison of average up-river migration speed of Prochilodus costatus in a. males and females, b. river stretches for fish captured in the Pará River, c. fish captured in the Pará River and São Francisco River in S2, and d. migration intervals in S2. Bars represent the standard deviation. Different letters denote statistically significant differences in migration speed. S1 and S2: river stretches.
Fig. 1 in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 1. Map of the São Francisco River watershed, Minas Gerais, Brazil detailing the study area in the upper part of the basin. CSF and CPA: capture/release points at São Francisco and Pará rivers; T1–T3: telemetry stations; S1 and S2: river stretches. The length of river stretch is shown in river km.
Fig. 4 in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 4. Comparison of average downstream migration speeds of Prochilodus costatus in the São Francisco River between a. males and females, b. river stretches, and c. fish captured in the Pará River and São Francisco River in S2. Bars represent the standard deviation. Different letters denote significant differences in migration speed. S1 and S2: river stretches.
Fig. 2 in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 2. Distribution of migration speed (km d-1) of Prochilodus costatus in a. up and b. downstream migration of tagged fish.
Fig. 5 in Upstream and downstream migration speed of Prochilodus costatus (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) in upper São Francisco basin, Brazil
Fig. 5. Correlation between the rank order of individual migration speeds between stretch 1 (S1) and stretch 2 (S2). r2 value = 0.214.
Data from: Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus
Directional cell migration in dense three-dimensional (3D) environments critically depends upon shape adaptation and is impeded depending on the size and rigidity of the nucleus. Accordingly, the nucleus is primarily understood as a physical obstacle, however, its pro-migratory functions by step-wise deformation and reshaping remain unclear. Using atomic force spectroscopy, time-lapse fluorescence microscopy and shape change analysis tools, we determined nuclear size, deformability, morphology and shape change of HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells expressing the Fucci cell cycle indicator or being pre-treated with chromatin-decondensating agent TSA. We show oscillating peak accelerations during migration through 3D collagen matrices and microdevices that occur during shape reversion of deformed nuclei (recoil), and increase with confinement. During G1 cell cycle phase, nucleus stiffness was increased and yielded further increased speed fluctuations together with sustained cell migration rates in confinement as compared to interphase populations, or to periods of intrinsic nuclear softening in the S/G2 cell cycle phase. Likewise, nuclear softening by pharmacological chromatin decondensation or after lamin A/C depletion reduced peak oscillations in confinement. In conclusion, deformation and recoil of the stiff nucleus contributes to saltatory locomotion in dense tissues.
Data from: Differences in speed and duration of bird migration between spring and autumn
It has been suggested that birds migrate faster in spring than in autumn because of competition for arrival order at breeding grounds and environmental factors such as increased daylight. Investigating spring and autumn migration performances is important for understanding ecological and evolutionary constraints in the timing and speed of migration. We compiled measurements from tracking studies and found a consistent predominance of cases showing higher speeds and shorter durations during spring compared to autumn, in terms of flight speeds (airspeed, ground speed, daily travel speed), stopover duration, and total speed and duration of migration. Seasonal differences in flight speeds were generally smaller than those in stopover durations and total speed/duration of migration, indicating that rates of foraging and fuel deposition were more important than flight speed in accounting for differences in overall migration performance. Still, the seasonal differences in flight speeds provide important support for time selection in spring migration.
Data from: Differences in speed and duration of bird migration between spring and autumn
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Data from: Cell migration through three-dimensional confining pores: speed accelerations by deformation and recoil of the nucleus
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Migration speed of captured breast cancer subpopulations correlates with metastatic fitness
GEO Series GSE188224. Homo sapiens. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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