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22 results for “mixed assemblage”
A dataset of bird assemblages in different successional pathways– a comparative study in hemiboreal mixed forests
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p><strong>Context </strong>The most productive forest lands have naturally the richest bird assemblages but tend to be also most intensively managed. Sustainable solutions to this conflict are unclear.</p> <p><strong>Aim </strong>To assess bird assemblages and their successional dynamics in planted Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies </em>L.) stands compared to naturally developing stands.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong>We mapped breeding bird assemblages in forty 5-ha plots on highly productive soils in Estonia. The plots included sets of naturally regenerated and planted stands, and (as successional endpoints) clear-cuts and old stands.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong>Planted stands had fewer bird species and pairs than naturally regenerated stands; the latter having a species composition resembling late-successional deciduous-dominated stands. Importantly, the species composition in mature spruce plantations converged toward the composition observed in late-successional conifer-dominated stands. Downed dead wood, stand age, deciduous trees, and stock density were the most significant stand characteristics shaping bird assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong> The habitat value of established spruce plantations can be primarily improved by allowing for some deciduous trees and gaps with deciduous undergrowth. At the landscape scale, the bird diversity of even-aged systems would be enhanced by multi-scale applications of retention forestry – from retention trees to old-growth set-asides.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>The given dataset includes observations of breeding pairs on all 40 study plots with different management types. Variables explained in supplementary txt file. </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire
Fig. 2. Species of Liolaemus lizards recorded in the study area. A — L. tenuis (© G. Zúñiga); B — L. pictus (© A. H. Zúñiga); C — L. lemniscatus (© A. H. Zúñiga).
Fig. 3 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire
Fig. 3. Percentages of microhabitat use by lizards in study area according to severity of damage caused by fire.
Fig. 1 in Changes In The Structure Of Assemblages Of Three Liolaemus Lizards (Iguania, Liolaemidae) In A Protected Area Of South-Central Chile Affected By A Mixed-Severity Wildfire
Fig. 1. Study area: A — Geographical context; B — Mosaic of areas of different degrees of severity (modified from CONAF, 2014, 2015).
Fig. 4. Bancali Assemblage 1 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 4. Bancali Assemblage 1 (A–E) and Bancali Assemblage 2 (F, G); early Miocene, Bancali, Sardinia, Italy. A. Amphiope sp. showing collapse of the central area of the test. B. Chaotically oriented test fragments of Amphiope sp. C. Encrustation by barnacles (arrow) on Amphiope sp. remains. D. Circular holes on Amphiope sp. fragment. E. Highly abraded fragment of Amphiope sp. F. Clypeaster (C. intermedius morphotype) encrusted by barnacles (arrow). G. Koehleraster sp. (MDLCA 23583).
Fig. 5 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 5. Orientation data of complete tests. Early Miocene echinoids within Bancali Assemblage 1 (A), Bancali Assemblage 2 (B), and Usini Assemblage (C). N, number of counted specimens.
Fig. 3 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic sections of Bancali (A) and Usini (B) with distribution and relative abundance of recognized echinoids and associated macrofauna and flora. Abbreviations: A1, Bancali Assemblage 1; A2, Bancali Assemblage 2; A3, Usini Assemblage; c, conglomerate; cs, coarse sandstone; f, floatstone; fs, fine sandstone; gr, grainstone; ms, medium sandstone; p, packstone; r, rudstone; vfs, very fine sandstone; w, wackestone.
Fig. 9 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 9. Distribution of clypeasteroid echinoids and associated echinoid taxa along a depth gradient as recognized in the Miocene sedimentary succession of northern Sardinia (based on Mancosu and Nebelsick 2013, 2015, 2017, and this paper).
Fig. 2 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 2. Stratigraphy of the Miocene volcano-sedimentary succession of the Porto Torres Basin (based on Mazzei and Oggiano 1990; Martini et al. 1992; Francolini 1994; Funedda et al. 2000, 2003; Bossio et al. 2006).
Fig. 1. A in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 1. A. Map of the Mediterranean showing location of studied area B. Distribution of Miocene sedimentary rocks in northern Sardinia and location of echinoid assemblages cited within the text. C. Simplified geological map of the northern part of the Porto Torres Basin with the location of the clypeasteroid-echinoid assemblages of Bancali and Usini.
Fig. 6 in Ecomorphological and taphonomic gradients in clypeasteroid-dominated echinoid assemblages along a mixed siliciclastic-carbonate shelf from the early Miocene of northern Sardinia, Italy
Fig. 6. Taphonomic gradient recognized on complete tests and fragments of clypeasteroid echinoids by using the qualitative analysis of the surface characters.
Data for: Modeling the transition of death assemblages through the mixed layer predicts a downcore increase in time averaging
<p>Understanding how time averaging changes during the burial is essential for using Holocene and Anthropocene cores to analyze ecosystem change, given the many ways in which the time averaging affects biodiversity measures. Here, we use transition-rate matrices to explore how time averaging changes downcore when shells transit through a taphonomically-complex mixed layer into permanently-buried historical layers: this is a null model, without any temporal changes in rates of sedimentation or bioturbation, to contrast with downcore patterns that might be produced by human activity. Assuming stochastic burial and exhumation movements of shells between increments within the mixed layer and stochastic disintegration within increments, almost all combinations of net sedimentation, mixing, and disintegration produce a downcore increase in time averaging (interquartile range, IQR), typically associated with a decrease in kurtosis and skewness and with a shift from right-skewed to symmetrical age distributions. A downcore increase in time averaging is a null expectation wherever bioturbation generates an internally-structured mixed layer (i.e., a surface well-mixed layer is underlain by an incompletely-mixed layer), so that shells are mixed throughout the entire mixed layer at slower rate than they are buried below it by sedimentation. This downcore trend created by mixing is further amplified by the downcore decline in disintegration rate. Using data from the southern California shelf, we find that transition-rate matrices accurately reproduce the downcore changes in IQR, skewness, and kurtosis observed in sediment cores. The right-skewed distributions typical of surface death assemblages – the focus of most actualistic research – might be fossilized under exceptional conditions of episodic anoxia or sudden burial. However, such right-skewed assemblages will not typically transfer into subsurface historical layers and thus will be geologically transient. The deep-time fossil record will be dominated instead by more time-averaged assemblages with weakly skewed age distributions that form in the lower parts of the mixed layer.</p>
Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidy Larrea tridentata populations
<p class="MsoNormal">Polyploidy—whole genome duplication—is common in plants. Studies over the last several decades have documented numerous mixed-ploidy populations. Whether arising via recurrent whole genome duplication events within a population, or from secondary contact, the persistence of mixed populations is possible by niche differentiation. Specifically, one mechanism facilitating ploidy co-occurrence is microbially-mediated niche differentiation (MMND), wherein cytotypes occupy different niches via interactions with different sets of microbes. Inherently cryptic, MMND is underexplored in polyploid plant populations. Here, we search for evidence of MMND in creosotebush (<em>Larrea tridentata</em>), a dominant desert shrub of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. We sequenced root-associated fungal taxa in soil diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid plants growing in two naturally-occurring mixed-cytotype populations. Within populations, we found substantial fungal assemblage overlap across host plant cytotypes. However, using indicator species analysis, we identified some fungi that are differentiated by host plant cytotype, satisfying a precondition for MMND. Future study is needed to determine the degree of niche differentiation conferred, if any, and whether the identified fungi play a role in the long-term persistence of multiple cytotypes within populations.</p>
Data for: Modeling the transition of death assemblages through the mixed layer predicts a downcore increase in time averaging
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Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidy Larrea tridentata populations
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Trait-habitat associations explain novel bird assemblages mixing native and alien species across New-Zealand landscapes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Species introductions have reshaped island faunas for the last 200 years, often threatening native biodiversity. Approximately equal numbers of native and alien species currently co-occur in the New Zealand avifauna, but they show distinct habitat use. Antagonistic interactions, habitat affinities and legacies of introduction history may concur to explain their segregation along habitat gradients. To investigate these processes, we explored how habitat, ecological traits and introduction history relate with the current composition of bird assemblages.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: New Zealand</p> <p><strong>Taxon</strong>: Birds</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We analysed 917 bird point counts spread along habitat and elevation gradients in the Canterbury region, South Island, and related 10 ecological traits to landscape composition using a three-table ordination method known as 'RLQ analysis', accounting for spatial autocorrelation and phylogeny. We tested whether alien species' positions in the RLQ were related to proxies of introduction history.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Eighteen endemic, 11 native and 19 alien species were distributed along a gradient from forest to open-habitat assemblages, in relation to foraging mode, nesting site and body size. A second gradient segregated species between native and exotic forests according to territoriality, sedentarity and diet. Traits accounted for the separation of native and alien bird species in forests, but not in open habitats. Phylogenetic signals emerged from the separation of native and alien species by forest type, and spatial structures suggested a landscape-level, rather than regional or local determinism. These correlations were independent of introduction history, although open-habitat assemblages tended to host alien species introduced later in time. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Habitat type and resource availability explain the spatial partitioning of New Zealand bird assemblages between native and alien species more consistently than competitive exclusion. We conclude that trait-mediated ecological differences among species have likely played a predominant role in species' segregation among landscapes, while maintaining endemic bird assemblages in native forests. </p>
Trait-habitat associations explain novel bird assemblages mixing native and alien species across New-Zealand landscapes
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Figure 3 in Autumn community structure in the shallow mixed layer of the subtropical South China Sea reveals a peculiar copepod and zooplankton assemblage
Figure 3. Vertical variation of temperature (A), salinity (B) and chlorophyll a (C) of the six sampling stations.
Figure 6 in Autumn community structure in the shallow mixed layer of the subtropical South China Sea reveals a peculiar copepod and zooplankton assemblage
Figure 6. Clustering dendrogram of different samples using Bray–Curtis similarity and clustering strategy of flexible links in the northern South China Sea.
Figure 2 in Autumn community structure in the shallow mixed layer of the subtropical South China Sea reveals a peculiar copepod and zooplankton assemblage
Figure 2. Monthly averaged information derived from NOAA for sea surface temperature of September 1999.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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