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20 results for “mixed infection”
Hepatic transcriptomic analysis reveals differential regulation of metabolic and immune pathways in three strains of chickens with distinct growth rate exposed to mixed parasites infections
<p><span>This dataset was generated from the study investigating hepatic gene expression in three strains of chickens: Ross-308 (R), Lohmann Brown Plus (LB), and Lohmann Dual (LD), 2 weeks after either an experimental infection (n = 18) with both <em>A. galli</em> and <em>H. gallinarum or kept as uninfected control (n = 12)</em>. </span></p>
Data from: Managing friends and foes: Sanctioning mutualists in mixed‐infection nodules trades off with defense against antagonists
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Diversity and host specificity of Borrelia burgdorferi's outer surface protein C (ospC) alleles in synanthropic mammals, with a notable ospC allele U absence from mixed infections
<p>Interactions among pathogen genotypes that vary in host specificity may affect overall transmission dynamics in multi-host systems. <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em>, a bacterium that causes Lyme disease, is typically transmitted among wildlife by <em>Ixodes</em> ticks. Despite the existence of many alleles of <em>B. burgdorferi</em>'s <em>sensu stricto</em> outer surface protein C (<em>ospC</em>) gene, most human infections are caused by a small number of <em>ospC</em> alleles ["human infectious alleles" (HIAs)], suggesting variation in host specificity associated with <em>ospC</em>. To characterize the wildlife host association of <em>B. burgdorferi</em>'s <em>ospC</em> alleles, we used metagenomics to sequence <em>ospC</em> alleles from 68 infected individuals belonging to eight mammalian species trapped at three sites in suburban New Brunswick, New Jersey (USA). We found that multiple allele ("mixed") infections were common. HIAs were most common in mice (<em>Peromyscus</em> spp.) and only one HIA was detected at a site where mice were rarely captured. <em>OspC </em>allele U was exclusively found in chipmunks (<em>Tamias striatus</em>), and although a significant number of different alleles were observed in chipmunks, including HIAs, allele U never co-occurred with other alleles in mixed infections. Our results suggest that allele U may be excluding other alleles, thereby reducing the capacity of chipmunks to act as reservoirs for HIAs.</p>
Data and code from: Mixed infection, risk projection and misdirection: Interactions among pathogens alter links between host resources and disease
<p>A growing body of literature links resources of hosts to their risk of infectious disease. Yet most hosts encounter multiple pathogens, and projections of disease risk based on resource availability could be fundamentally wrong if they do not account for interactions among pathogens within hosts. Here, we measured infection risk of grass hosts (<i>Avena sativa</i>) exposed to three naturally-co-occurring viruses either singly or jointly (barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses [B/CYDVs]: CYDV-RPV, BYDV-PAV, and BYDV-SGV) along experimental gradients of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. We asked whether disease risk (i.e., infection prevalence) differed in single versus co-inoculations, and whether these differences varied with rates and ratios of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. In single inoculations, the viruses did not respond strongly to nitrogen or phosphorus. However, in co-inoculations, we detected illustrative cases of 1) resource-dependent antagonism (RPV with increasing N; possibly due to competition), 2) resource-dependent facilitation (SGV with decreasing N:P; possibly due to immunosuppression), and 3) weak or no interactions within hosts (for PAV). Together, these within-host interactions created emergent patterns for co-inoculated hosts, with both infection prevalence and viral richness increasing with the combination of low nitrogen and high phosphorus supply. We demonstrate that knowledge of multiple pathogens is essential for predicting disease risk from host resources, and that projections of risk that fail to acknowledge resource-dependent interactions within hosts could be qualitatively wrong. Expansions of theory from community ecology theory may help anticipate such relationships linking host resources to diverse pathogen communities.</p>
Data for "Mixed viral infection constrains the genome formula of multipartite cucumber mosaic virus"
<p>We performed a study to assess the effect of mixed infection on the genome formula of multipartite virus CMV. We used qPCR to determine genome formulas and titer. Additionally, simulation models were developed to describe mechanisms for genome formula change under mixed infection. </p>
Data from: Host control by Acmispon strigosus constrains fitness gains of ineffective Bradyrhizobium symbionts in mixed infections
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Data and code from: Mixed infection, risk projection and misdirection: Interactions among pathogens alter links between host resources and disease
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Diversity and host specificity of Borrelia burgdorferi's outer surface protein C (ospC) alleles in synanthropic mammals, with a notable ospC allele U absence from mixed infections
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Time-series transcriptome analysis identified differentially expressed genes in broiler chicken infected with mixed Eimeria species
<p>Coccidiosis caused by the <em>Eimeria</em> species is a highly problematic disease in the chicken industry. Here, we used RNA sequencing to observe the time-dependent host responses of <em>Eimeria</em>-infected chickens to examine the genes and biological functions associated with immunity to the parasite. Transcriptome analysis was performed at three time points: 4, 7, and 21 days post-infection (dpi). Based on the changes in gene expression patterns, we defined three groups of genes that showed differential expression. This enabled us to capture evidence of endoplasmic reticulum stress at the initial stage of <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Furthermore, we found that innate immune responses against the parasite were activated at the first exposure; they then showed gradual normalization. Although the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway was significantly operative at 4 dpi, its downregulation led to an anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the construction of gene co-expression networks enabled identification of immunoregulation hub genes and critical pattern recognition receptors after <em>Eimeria</em> infection. Our results provide a detailed understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between chicken and <em>Eimeria</em>. The clusters of genes defined in this study can be utilized to improve chickens for coccidiosis control.</p>
Data from: A method that accounts for differential detectability in mixed samples of long-term infections with applications to the case of Chronic Wasting Disease in cervids
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Data from: Population-level dynamics in experimental mixed infections: evidence for competitive exclusion among bacterial parasites of Paramecium caudatum
Parasites frequently share their host populations with other parasites. However, little is known about how different parasites respond to competition with diverse competitor species in the within-host and between-host environments. We explored the repeatability of competition by simultaneously exposing microcosm populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to pairs of parasites from the Holospora species complex (H. undulata, H. caryophila and H. obtusa) affected the persistence and prevalence of each compared to single infections, across three host genotypes. Three weeks post-inoculation we identified the presence of each parasite using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH). Competitive exclusion (62/72) was more common than co-existence (10/72) in populations inoculated with 2 parasites. There was a clear pattern of competitive superiority, with H. caryophila persisting in all doubly inoculated populations (with either H. undulata or H. obtusa), and H. undulata tending to exclude H. obtusa. This mirrored infection success in single infections, with H. caryophila having a higher infection prevalence in single inoculations, followed by H. undulata then H. obtusa. The probability of persistence in co-inoculations did not change across the different host genotypes, and prevalence was the same as in single infections. Our results are consistent with superinfection models, which assume the competitive exclusion of parasites upon contact within the same host. Furthermore, such non-random competitive epidemiological dynamics, where one parasites always wins, may be of interest for public health management, especially if the winning parasite is avirulent, as is seemingly the case here.
Data from: Trade-offs and mixed infections in an obligate-killing insect pathogen
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Data from: Population-level dynamics in experimental mixed infections: evidence for competitive exclusion among bacterial parasites of Paramecium caudatum
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Data from: Why do general practitioners prescribe antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections to meet patient expectations: a mixed methods study
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Gene Expression Analysis of IgM+CD27+ B Cells in HCV-Infected Individuals with Mixed Cryoglobulinemia
GEO Series GSE18084. Homo sapiens. 39 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Haemophilus ducreyi infection induces oxidative stress, central metabolic changes, and a mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory environment in the human host
GEO Series GSE214586. Homo sapiens; [Haemophilus] ducreyi. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Mixed Strain H. Pylori Infection in Patients Who Have Problems With Eradication of H. Pylori
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01164969. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Frequency and Distribution of Mixed Falciparum-vivax Infections in French Guiana
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02903758. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Zymoseptoria tritici suppresses the host immune response and facilitates the success of avirulent strains in mixed infections
GEO Series GSE232243. Triticum aestivum. 24 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Forms of Selenium in Vitamin-mineral Mixes Differentially Affect Hepatic Gene Expression of Steers Grazing Endophyte-infected Tall Fescue.
GEO Series GSE115802. Bos taurus. 21 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.