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Fig. 2. Karyotypes arranged from C-banded chromosomes. a in Contributions to the systematic of Pimelodidae (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes): basic and molecular cytogenetics on seven species of Pimelodus from three Brazilian hydrographic systems
Fig. 2. Karyotypes arranged from C-banded chromosomes. a. Pimelodus absconditus; b. Pimelodus britskii; c. Pimelodus maculatus; d. Pimelodus microstoma; e. Pimelodus mysteriosus; f. Pimelodus ortmanni; g. Pimelodus paranaensis. B chromosomes in the boxes. Scales bar = 10 μm.
Fig. 6. Skeletal arrangement. A in Molecular study supports the position of the New Zealand endemic genus Lamellomorpha in the family Vulcanellidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Tetractinellida), with the description of three new species
Fig. 6. Skeletal arrangement. A. Lamellomorpha australis Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. showing dense, crustose ectosome packed with microrhabds and other microscleres, a rough megasclere bundle in the subectosome, emerging perpendicular to the surface, and the choanosome densely packed with microscleres (NIWA 89736 leg., holotype). B. L. australis sp. nov. showing the subectosome densely packed with microscleres, and megascleres radiating in the plane of the sponge body (NIWA 89717 leg.). C. L. strongylata Bergquist, 1968 showing a thin, fleshy ectosome packed with microrhabds and other microscleres, through which projects an 'extra-axial' tract of megascleres, traversing the subectosome and projecting through the surface (NIWA 93474 leg.). D. L. strongylata showing the 'axial' arrangement of contort strongyloxeas in the deep choanosome (NIWA 93474 leg.). E. Poecillastra ducitriaenea Kelly & Cárdenas sp. nov. showing a densely packed, crustose ectosome through which subectosomal megascleres project, a relatively cavernous subectosomal region packed with microxeas, and in the deep choanosome, huge swathes of oxeas (NIWA 61944 leg., holotype). Scale bars = 500 µm.
Data from: Controlled molecular arrangement of easily aggregated deoxycholate with layered double hydroxide
<p><span>Deoxycholate (DA) is a natural emulsifying agent involved in the absorption of dietary lipids. Due to the facial distribution of hydrophobic-hydrophilic region, DA easily aggregates under ambient conditions, and this property hinders the practical application of DA in clinical application. In this study, we found that the molecular arrangement of DA molecules could be controlled by utilizing layered double hydroxide (LDH) under a specific reaction condition. The effect of reaction methods such as co-precipitation, ion exchange, and reconstruction on the molecular arrangement of DA was investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was demonstrated that the self-aggregation of DA molecules could be suppressed by the oriented arrangement of DA between the gallery space of LDH. The DA moiety was well stabilized in the LDH layers due to the electrostatic interaction between DA molecules and LDH layers. The most ordered arrangement of DA molecules was observed when DA was incorporated into LDH via a reconstruction method. The DA molecules arranged in LDH via reconstruction did not show significant exothermic nor endothermic behavior up to 400</span><span>℃</span><span>, showing that the DA moiety lost its intermolecular attraction in between LDH layers.</span></p>
Data from: Controlled molecular arrangement of easily aggregated deoxycholate with layered double hydroxide
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FIGURE 21. Habit and floral details. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 21. Habit and floral details. A) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (Hooker 1910: t. 8293); B) Iridodictyum bakerianum (Foster 1889: t. 7084); C) Cryptobasis loczyi (photo: Georgy Lazkov); D) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Elena Rahimova); E) Hermodactylus tuberosus (Syme 1869: t. 1496).
FIGURE 20 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 20. Approximate distribution areas: A) Joniris (yellow); B) Cryptobasis (red); C) Syrianthus (green).
FIGURE 15. Habit and floral details. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 15. Habit and floral details. A) Limniris sibirica (Dietrich 1832–1833: t. 45); B) L. tenax (Hooker 1834: t. 3343); C) L. pseudacorus (Lindman 1922–1926: t. 398); D) L. wilsonii (Smith 1910: t. 8340).
FIGURE 12 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 12. Approximate distribution areas: A) Iris sect. Psammiris (yellow); B) I. sect. Oncocyclus (red); C) I. sect. Regelia (blue); D) I. sect. Pseudoregelia (violet).
FIGURE 10 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 10. Habit and floral details in habitat. A) Iris (Iris) lutescens (photo: Mario Martínez-Azorín); B) Iris (Psammiris) humilis (photo: Peter Bohnert); C) Iris (Oncocyclus) helena (photo: Ruslan Mishustin); D) Iris (Regelia) korolkowii (photo: Rafael Díez Domínguez); E) Iris (Pseudoregelia) dolichosiphon (photo: Rafael Díez Domínguez).
FIGURE 19 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 19. Approximate distribution areas: A) Eremiris (yellow); B) Sclerosiphon (green); C) Phaeiris (red); D) Zhaoanthus (blue); E) Hermodactylus (white).
FIGURE 16 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 16. Approximate distribution areas: A) Limniris sect. Limniris (red); B) L. sect. Chrysographes (violet); C) L. sect. Californicae (yellow); D) L. sect. Prismaticae (orange).
FIGURE 9 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 9. Approximate distribution areas: A) Pardanthopsis (violet); B) Belamcanda (orange); C) Juno (red); D) Junopsis (yellow). Areas for A and B include only the territories where they are presumably native.
FIGURE 13. Habit and floral details. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 13. Habit and floral details. A) Juno persica (Wright 1906: t. 8059); B) Evansia japonica (Redouté 1806: t. 152); C) Junopsis collettii (Hooker 1903: t. 7889); D) Tectiris milesii (Baker 1886: t. 6889).
FIGURE 18. Habit and floral details. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 18. Habit and floral details. A) Eremiris lactea (Lindley 1840: t. 1); B) Sclerosiphon songaricum (photo: Vladimir Kolobincev); C) Joniris ruthenica (photo: Aleksandr Kostjukov); D) Joniris ruthenica (Ker Gawler 1811: t. 1393); E) Phaeiris fulva (Small 1927: t. 388).
FIGURE 4 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 4. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches, sometimes with spathe bracts (cont.). A) Limniris sibirica (photo: Frank Hoehnel); B) Limniris chrysographes (photo: Ken Walker); C) Limniris sanguinea (photo: Andrej Baryshenko); D) Eremiris lactea (photo: Andrey Korzun); E) Sclerosiphon songaricum (photo: Vladimir Kolobincev); F) Joniris brevituba (photo: Georgy Lazkov); G) Phaeiris giganticaerulea (photo: Rodney Barton); H) Zhaoanthus henryi (photo: Ken Walker); I) Zhaoanthus minutoaureus (photo: Dennis Kramb); J) Iridodictyum reticulatum (photo: Sean Zera); K) Iridodictyum danfordiae (photo: Peter Bohnert); L) Cryptobasis mariae (photo: Yuriy Danilevsky).
FIGURE 6. Carpology. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 6. Carpology. A) Belamcanda chinensis, seeds black, long persistent on the central axis of fruit (photo: Stanislav Doronenko); B) Pardanthopsis dichotoma, seeds shortly winged (photo: Ken Walker); C) Gattenhofia verna var. smalliana, seeds with fleshy raphe and ribbed surface (photo: Ken Walker); D) Tectiris tectorum, seeds glossy, pyriform, apiculate, with inconspicuous aril (photo: Ken Walker); E) Evansia wattii, seeds matte, angulose, with small aril (photo: Dennis Kramb); F) Chamaeiris foetidissima, seeds reddish, persistent on valves of the opened fruit (photo: Ken Walker); G) Chamaeiris halophila, seeds with papery, loose testa (photo: David Pilling); H) Hermodactylus tuberosus, seeds globose with gelatinous aril (photo: Ken Walker); I) Lophiris cristata, seeds with long coiled appendage (photo: Jan Sacks); J) Zhaoanthus speculatrix, seeds with aril withering early as a wing (photo: Ken Walker); K) Phaeiris giganticaerulea, seeds large, flattened, with thickened, corky testa (photo: Robert R. Pries); L) Joniris uniflora, seeds with fleshy raphe vanishing on drying (photo: Robert R. Pries); M) Limniris sibirica, seeds discoidal, without aril, with subcorky testa (photo: Ken Walker); N) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, seeds with fleshy raphe and testa surface pitted (photo: Robert R. Pries); O) Junopsis collettii, seeds oblong with conspicuous whitish aril (photo: Ken Walker); P) Zhaoanthus koreanus, seeds globosecompressed, with fleshy raphe withering early as a wing (photo: Robert R. Pries); Q) Iris hoogiana, seeds with prominent aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Robert R. Pries); R) Iris pumila, seeds without aril and testa surface reticulate-wrinkled (photo: Steve Hurst); S) Juno bucharica, seeds apiculate with fleshy appendage (photo: Ken Walker); T) Siphonostylis lazica, seeds angulose with testa surface covered with sessile glands (photo: Ken Walker). Scale bars in mm.
FIGURE 3 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 3. Flower morphology: falls, standards and stylar branches in most cases, sometimes with spathe bracts. A) Siphonostylis lazica (photo: Ken Walker); B) Gattenhofia verna (photo: Jim McCormac); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (photo: Christy Hensler); D) Belamcanda chinensis, with all tepals subequal and also with fruits (photo: Tom Murphy); E) Iris germanica (photo: Ken Walker); F) Iris acutiloba (photo: Aleksandr Ivanov); G) Iris tigridia (photo: Vladimir Y. Arkhipov); H) Iris bloudowii (photo: Vesa Muurinen); I) Juno planifolia (photo: Mario Martínez-Azorín); J) Evansia japonica (photo: Ken Walker); K) Tectiris tectorum (photo: Ken Walker); L) Junopsis decora (photo: Ken Walker).
FIGURE 2 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 2. External morphology of rootstock (bulbs, rhizomes and roots). A) Iridodictyum reticulatum, bulb with reticulate outer tunics (photo: Ken Walker); B) Xiphion heracleanum, bulb with membranous outer tunics and stem bulbil (photo: Manuel B. Crespo); C) Juno narbutii, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); D) Juno rosenbachiana, bulb with persistent fleshy roots (photo: Ken Walker); E) Limniris pseudacorus, rhizome with swollen annulate annual growths (photo: G.–U. Tolkiehn); F) Hermodactylus tuberosus, rhizome with pseudodigitate tubercles (photo: Attilio Marzorati); G) Junopsis barbatula, fleshy tuberous roots surrounding the inconspicuous central rhizome (photo: Ken Walker); H) Phaeiris hexagona, rhizome with fibrous remains of old leaves on scars, and fibrosus roots (photo: Ken Walker); I) Siphonostylis lazica, rhizome dichotomously branched and fibrous roots (photo: Ken Walker); J) Zhaoanthus odaesanensis, slender stoloniferous rhizomes with long, thin roots bearing nodules (photo: Christy Hensler); K) Rodionenkoa gracilipes, heterogeneous rhizome with cord-like branches (photo: Ken Walker); L) Cryptobasis bungei, short rizhomes with reddish-brown remains of leaf sheaths forming an apical neck-like structure (MO s.n.).
FIGURE 1 in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 1. The summary of selected analyses, modified from Mavrodiev et al. (2014). On the left: topology resulting from both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Analyses (195 taxa). Statistical support mentioned above and below branches (ML Bootstrap\Bayesian posterior probabilities). On the right: topology resulting from the Three-taxon statement Analysis (80 taxa). Selected synonyms of the accepted taxa are indicated in brackets (see the text for additional names), new taxa indicated in red font. See Mavrodiev et al. (2014) for additional details.
FIGURE 7. Habit and floral details. A in Can a rainbow consist of a single colour? A new comprehensive generic arrangement of the 'Iris sensu latissimo' clade (Iridaceae), congruent with morphology and molecular data
FIGURE 7. Habit and floral details. A) Siphonostylis cretensis (Baker 1878: t. 6343); B) Gattenhofia verna (Small 1931: t. 520); C) Pardanthopsis dichotoma (Baker 1879: t. 6428); D) Belamcanda chinensis (Curtis 1791: t. 171).
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