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46 results for “montane cloud forest”
Fig. 1 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 1. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–C, G. ♁ (ECOTAAR-004950). D–F, H. ♀ (ECOTAAR-005063). A–F. Habitus. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Lateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G, H. Carapace in frontal view. Scale bars: A–F = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 4 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 4. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. A–B. ECOTAAR-004950. C–F, H–I. ECOTAAR-004962. G. ECOTAAR-004952. A–G. Male left femur I. D–G. Details of macrosetae. A, D. Dorsal view. B, E. Prolateral view. C, F. Ventral view. G. Apical view. H. Tarsal organ of leg I. I. Trichobothrium of retrolateral palpal tibia. Scale bars: A–C = 70 μm; D–F = 30 μm; H = 5 μm; I = 10 μm.
Fig. 2 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 2. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., male left palpus. A–C. ECOTAAR-004974. D–E, G–I. ECOTAAR-004950. F. ECOTAAR-004952. A, D. Mesal view. B, E. Ventral view. C, F. Ectal view. G. Dorsal view. H. Apical view. I. Detail of E showing radix and embolus. Scale bars: A–E = 50 μm; F = 20 μm.
Fig. 7 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 7. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with unambiguous character optimization; character and character-state numbers given above and below marks, respectively; color of marks denotes homoplasious (white) or non-homoplasious (black) character-state changes.
Fig. 5 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 5. Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov., ♀, epigynum. A–B. ECOTAAR-005063. C–F. ECOTAAR-005183. A, G. Ventral view. B. Posterior view. C–D, H. Dorsal view. D. Detail of C showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. E. Antero-dorsal view. F. Detail of E showing left copulatory duct and spermatheca. Scale bars: A–C, E, G–H = 40 μm; D, F = 20 μm.
Fig. 6 in A new spider genus (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae) from a tropical montane cloud forest of Mexico
Fig. 6. Strict consensus tree of the eight most parsimonious trees, showing only the distal clades where Xim trenzado gen. et sp. nov. is situated. Tree with Bremer support values noted beside nodes.
Fig. 5 in Environmental heterogeneity causes differences in the amphibian assemblage structure of an undisturbed montane cloud forest in southern Mexico
Fig. 5. Canonical Correspondence Analysis of the most common amphibians. The arrow orientation and length represent the association, direction, and strength between the environmental variables and the ordination axis. Species names correspond to: Crm (C. matudai), Plm (Pl. matudai), Pls (Pl. sagorum), Pte (Pt. euthysanota), Bof (B. franklini), Boo (B. occidentalis), and Dex (D. xolocalcae) Environmental acronyms correspond to: Hum (Humidity), Understory_Den (Under story density), Le_Li_depth (leaf litter depth), and Temp (temperature).
Fig. 4 in Environmental heterogeneity causes differences in the amphibian assemblage structure of an undisturbed montane cloud forest in southern Mexico
Fig. 4. (a) Principal Component Analysis, grouping the eight sites present in the core zones according to eight environmental variables taken in each site. Blue triangles: TCZ (El Triunfo core zone) sites; pink circles: QCZ (El Quetzal core zone) site. (b) Eight environmental variables measured in the eight sites (four per core zone). Median (solid line), 25th and 75th percentiles (boundaries of boxes), minimum and maximum (lines).
Fig. 1 in Environmental heterogeneity causes differences in the amphibian assemblage structure of an undisturbed montane cloud forest in southern Mexico
Fig. 1. Location of the two sampled zones, El Triunfo core zone [TCZ] (1) and the El Quetzal core zone [QCZ] (3), in the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve (ETBR), Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Mexico, and illustration of the sample design (core zones, sites, and plots).
Fig. 3 in Environmental heterogeneity causes differences in the amphibian assemblage structure of an undisturbed montane cloud forest in southern Mexico
Fig. 3. (a) Rank-abundance Curves for the El Triunfo core zone [TCZ] and Quetzal core zone [QCZ] in the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve. Letters on the Rank-abundance Curves correspond to Crm (C. matudai), Crs (C. stuarti), Pll (Pl. lacertosa), Plh (Pl. hartwegii), Plm (Pl. matudai), Pls (Pl. sagorum), Dus (D. schmidtorum), Pte (Pt. euthysanota), Exs (E. sumichrasti), Lim (L. maculatus), Bof (B. franklini), Boo (B. occidentalis), Bofl (B. flavimembris), and Dex (D. xolocalcae). (b) Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of the eight sites within the core zones in the ETBR. Blue triangles: TCZ sites, pink circles: QCZ sites. (c) Dendrogram of functional groups of the El Triunfo core zone amphibian species, using Euclidian Distance, and tested functional groups by ANOSIM are highlighted in different colors (FG1: green; FG2: brown; FG3: blue; FG4: red, and FG5: yellow).
Fig. 2 in Environmental heterogeneity causes differences in the amphibian assemblage structure of an undisturbed montane cloud forest in southern Mexico
Fig. 2. Box plots of amphibian species diversity in the El Triunfo Biosphere Reserve (ETBR), Chiapas, Mexico, showing the median (solid line), 25th and 75th percentiles (boundaries of boxes), and minimum and maximum (lines). (a) Number of individuals, (b) Species richness (0D), (c) Common species (1D), and (d) Dominant species (2D).
Figs. 2–4 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 2–4. Species richness, diversity profiles, and rank–abundance curves. Fig. 2. Comparison of the richness of woody plants at a sampling coverage of 90% and of ants at 85% coverage, among 5 fragments of tropical montane cloud forest in central Veracruz, Mexico. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 3. Diversity profiles of the ant assemblages of F1–F5 based on the equivalent species number. Statistical differences are considered when 95% confidence intervals do not overlap, whereas no differences are assumed when they do overlap, with an α = 0.05. Fig. 4. Rank–abundance curves of the ant assemblages of F1–F5. Total number of ant incidences in each fragment is 60 traps. Only those species with a relative abundance equal to or higher than 10% in a given fragment are shown. Ant species are numbered in accordance with Table 2.
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Figs. 5 and 6. Results from cluster and linkage tree analyses. Fig. 5. Dendrogram of hierarchical standardized clustering based on the SØrensen similarity index of the studied fragments. The cophenetic correlation coefficient of the cluster is 0.89. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF. Fig. 6. Linkage tree analysis (LINKTREE) showing divisive clustering of fragments (F1–F5) from species compositions constrained by inequalities on one or more environmental variables. Only binary partitions of uncorrelated environmental variables are shown in the cluster. The dendrogram displays with continuous lines the divisions for which the SIMPROF test rejects the null hypothesis (where assemblages in that group have no further structure to explore) and with dashed lines the groups of assemblages not separated (at P <0.05) by SIMPROF.
Fig. 1 in Myrmecofauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) response to habitat characteristics of tropical montane cloud forests in central Veracruz, Mexico
Fig. 1. Location of the study area in central Veracruz, Mexico. The black polygons indicate the selected fragments (F1–F5) of tropical montane cloud forest.
Seasonal rainfall in subtropical montane cloud forests drives demographic fluctuations in a Green-backed Tit population
<p>Montane birds are vulnerable to climate change. However, the mechanisms by which weather drives demographic processes in montane birds have seldom been investigated. We conducted a long-term study (2009–2019) on the Green-backed Tit (<em>Parus monticolus)</em>, an insectivorous passerine, in the montane cloud forest of subtropical Taiwan. We explored the effects of weather variability on the productivity and survival of adult Green-backed Tits. Nest survival was negatively associated with seasonal rainfall during the breeding season (April–July) and was lower in early clutches than in late clutches. Higher typhoon-induced precipitation during the postbreeding period (July–September) was related to reduced adult survival, but neither summer temperature nor winter weather conditions were found to be related to adult bird survival. We developed a stochastic simulation model for Green-backed Tit population dynamics based on empirical data. We compared the simulated time-series and observed population growth rates (λ) and found that 80% (8/10 yr) of the observed λ fell within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the simulated data over the 10-yr period. Moreover, the simulated average (± standard deviation) of the geometric mean of λ over 10 yr (1.05 ± 0.07) was close to that observed from 2009–2019 (0.99), which provided confidence that the model effectively simulated the population growth rate of the Green-backed Tit. We conducted a sensitivity analysis for λ, and found that juvenile and adult survival influenced by typhoon-induced rainfall were the greatest contributors to the variance in the growth rate of the Green-backed Tit population. With the onset of intensified seasonal precipitation associated with global warming, the population growth and density of Green-backed Tits will decline substantially. Our results suggest that under scenarios of high emissions of greenhouse gas, this local population of Green-backed Tits will not persist in the near future.</p>
Seasonal rainfall in subtropical montane cloud forests drives demographic fluctuations in a Green-backed Tit population
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The asymmetric diurnal latent heat flux in Chi-Lan montane cloud-fog forest: CLM simulations and sap flow observations
<p>Chilan_30min_sap_flow_V_2020JJA.csv recorded the data of sap flow velocity during JJA 2020.</p> <p>CL_CTR.*.nc is the analyzed CTR simulations which consider fog interception as a source of canopy water.</p> <p>CL_EXP.*.nc is the analyzed EXP simulations that do not allow the canopy to hold the water.</p>
Challenges and limitations of applying the flux variance similarity (FVS) method to partition evapotranspiration in a montane cloud forest
<p>Dataset</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Name</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FVS_ori.zip</td> <td>the output from FVS method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ModFVS.zip</td> <td>the output from ModFVS method</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CLM.zip</td> <td>the output from CLM </td> </tr> <tr> <td>Chilan_30min_sap_velocity_20200601_20211120_QC.csv</td> <td>the sap flow data in Chi-Lan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>*_clim.csv</td> <td>the observation data in Chi-Lan and Lien-Hua-Chih</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>Codes for Analysis</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Name</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>*.ipynb</td> <td>the python code used for analyzing output</td> </tr> <tr> <td>*_FVS_process.py</td> <td>the python code used for process ModFVS method</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>ModFVS method (fluxpart-0.2.10+rhtest-py3-none-any.whl)</p> <ul> <li>use "pip install fluxpart-0.2.10+rhtest-py3-none-any.whl" to install the package</li> <li> <p>To specify a maximum allowable relative humidity when calculating WUE, set a value for "max_rh" in "wue_options". For example, to set the max RH to 95%, you would change your example code to this:</p> <p>wue_options = {"meas_ht": 23.7,"canopy_ht":10, "ppath": "C3","ci_mod":ci_mod, "max_rh":95}</p> </li> <li> <p>Note that this code is a fork of (https://github.com/usda-ars-ussl/fluxpart)</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data to support 'Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forest'
<p>This respository contains output data to support the manuscript titled 'Deforestation amplifies climate change effects on warming and cloud level rise in African montane forest' by Temesgen Alemayehu Abera, Janne Heiskanen Eduardo Eiji Maeda, Mohammed Ahmed Muhammed, Netra Bhandari, Ville Vakkari, Binyam Tesfaw Hailu, Petri K.E. Pellikka, Andreas Hemp, Pieter G. van Zyl, and Dirk Zeuss </p>
Data for: Ecological and evolutionary origin of Costus flammulus (Costaceae): A new species from the montane cloud forests of the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica
<p><span><em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> is a new herbaceous species endemic to montane cloud forests of </span><span>the volcanic cordilleras in northern Costa Rica. <em>Costus</em> <em>flammulus</em> has been mistaken </span><span>for <em>C</em>. <em>wilsonii</em>, but phylogenetic evidence demonstrates that it is closely related to the </span><span>widespread lowland species <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Here, we used an integrated </span><span>framework of species concepts to evaluate whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> and <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> are distinct species. First, we re-evaluate prior phylogenetic analyses to </span><span>assess whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> bifurcated from or budded off from within <em>C</em>. </span><span><em>pulverulentus</em> and whether <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is monophyletic. We then compare </span><span>phenotypic traits to determine which diagnostic vegetative and inflorescence traits can </span><span>be used to identify species in herbarium specimens and examine whether floral traits </span><span>may confer floral isolation. We compare pollinator assemblages to examine whether </span><span>pollinator specificity may contribute to reproductive isolation. Finally, we model species </span><span>distributions and climatic niche overlap to assess ecogeographic isolation. We found </span><span>that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> is a monophyletic species phenotypically, ecologically, and </span><span>geographically distinct from <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> and may have speciated as a peripheral </span><span>isolate at the high elevation range edge of <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>. Several lines of </span><span>evidence, such as <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em> paraphyly, range size asymmetry, and C. </span><span>flammulus' nested distribution and vegetative traits, suggest that <em>C</em>. <em>flammulus</em> </span><span>budded off from a <em>C</em>. <em>pulverulentus</em>‐like progenitor species, evolving to tolerate a </span><span>colder and more seasonal montane environment.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.