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Point locations for spatial and morphological analyses of barchans in swarms
<div>This dataset contains the long-lat coordinates of seven points on ~6000 barchans located in six swarms.</div> <div> </div> <div>Four of the locations are on Earth (three in the Tarfaya region of the Western Sahara, one in Mauritania).</div> <div>The other two swarms are from high latitudes of the northern hemisphere of Mars.</div> <div> </div> <div>In each location between 850 and 1112 barchans were measured.</div> <div> </div> <div>The measurements were carried out manually by Dominic T Robson and Andreas CW Baas according to the method described in</div> <div>Robson, D. T., Annibale, A., & Baas, A. C.W. (2022). Reproducing size distributions of swarms of barchan dunes on Mars and Earth using a mean-field model. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 606, 128042.</div> <div> </div> <div>The included metadata file lists the copyrights and dates (DD/MM/YYYY) for the imagery used, all imagery was accessed through Google Earth. </div> <div> </div> <div>The metadata file also includes descriptions of the format of the data. The data themselves are provided in separate comma delimited files for each location. Only the bedforms identified as barchans are included although other bedforms in the locations were also measured (see Robson et al. Physica A (2022)).</div> <div> </div> <div>Using the seven points recorded for each dune it is possible to calculate:</div> <div>Body length</div> <div>Total length</div> <div>Horn lengths</div> <div>Total width</div> <div>Horn-to-horn width</div> <div>Port flank width</div> <div>Starboard flank width</div> <div>Slipface length</div> <div>Dune orientation</div> <div> </div> <div>The area of the polygons formed by the points also provides an estimate for the basal area of the dune though it is not a perfect match.</div> <div> </div> <div>We hope that these data will be of use to those seeking to study the morphology, size, asymmetry, and spatial distribution of barchans in swarms.</div> <div> </div> <div>Dominic T Robson and Andreas CW Baas.</div>
Appendix Morphometric parameters of Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) antrumus Kolicka sp. nov. Abbreviations: N = number of specimens or structures analysed; Range = the smallest and the largest structure measurement found among all specimens measured; SD = standard deviation. All measurements are given in micrometers (μm); all indicators are given as a percentage (%) and italicized. in A new species of freshwater Chaetonotidae (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida) from Obodska Cave (Montenegro) based on morphological and molecular characters
Appendix Morphometric parameters of Chaetonotus (Chaetonotus) antrumus Kolicka sp. nov. Abbreviations: N = number of specimens or structures analysed; Range = the smallest and the largest structure measurement found among all specimens measured; SD = standard deviation. All measurements are given in micrometers (μm); all indicators are given as a percentage (%) and italicized.
Anatomical partitioning has little influence in topologies from Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of morphological data
<p>Morphological data is a fundamental source of evidence to reconstruct the Tree of Life, and Bayesian phylogenetic methods are increasingly being used for this task, along with, or instead of, traditional parsimony approaches. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses require the use of proper evolutionary models and their performance have been intensively studied in the past few years, with significant improvements to our knowledge regarding their performance. Notwithstanding, it was only recently that partitioned models for morphology received attention in studies of empirical data, but a systematic evaluation of its performances using simulations was never performed. Here we evaluate the influence of partitioned models defined by anatomical criterion in the precision and accuracy of consensus tree topologies, evaluating the possible negative effects of under and overpartitioning. For that, we analysed datasets simulated using parameters and properties of two empirical datasets, using Bayesian phylogenetic analyses in MrBayes. Additionally, we reanalysed 32 empirical datasets for diverse groups of vertebrates, applying unpartitioned and partitioned models. We found that in general, partitioning by anatomy has little to no influences in the performance of Bayesian phylogenetic methods in respect to the metrics studied here, with analyses under alternative partitioning schemes presenting very similar tree precision and accuracy. We discuss the possible reasons for the disagreement between the results obtained here and previous studies for empirical morphological data, and with empirical and simulation studies of molecular data, discussing the adequacy of anatomical partitioning relative to alternative methods to partition morphological datasets and how morphological and molecular partitioning are related.</p>
Fig. 1 in Morphology and Molecular Analyses of a New Marine Ciliate, Arcuseries minima sp. nov. (Ciliophora: Urostylidae)
Fig. 1. Arcuseries minima sp. nov. in vivo (A–E) and after protargol impregnation (F, G). (A) Ventral view of a representative specimen. (B, C) Cortical granulation in ventral surface. (D, E) Cortical granulation in dorsal surface, three types of cortical granules: the large (arrow), medium-sized (arrowhead), small (double arrowhead). (F) Ventral view of holotype specimen. (G) Dorsal view of a paratype specimen, arrow indicates a basal body. AZM = adoral zone of membranelles; BC = buccal cirrus; E = endoral; FC = frontal cirri; FTC = frontoterminal cirri; LMC = left marginal cirri; Ma = macronuclear nodules; MC = midventral cirri; Mi = micronuclei; P = paroral; PTC = pretransverse cirri; RMC = right marginal cirri; TC = transverse cirri; 1–3 = dorsal kineties 1–3. Scale bars: 20 µm.
Fig. 3 in Morphology and Molecular Analyses of a New Marine Ciliate, Arcuseries minima sp. nov. (Ciliophora: Urostylidae)
Fig. 3. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses based on 18S rDNA sequences. The new sequence provided in the present work is indicated in bold and by a white arrow. Numbers at nodes indicate the bootstrap values of ML out of 1,000 replicates and the posterior probability of BI. Fully supported (100/1.00) branches are marked with solid circles. The scale bar corresponds to 2 substitutions per 100 nucleotide positions.
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic trees obtained from a concatenated dataset with a in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 3. Phylogenetic trees obtained from a concatenated dataset with a total length of 1,277 bp, consisting of seven mitochondrial genes (16S, tRNA-Ala, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Asn, tRNA-Gln, tRNA-Pro, and COI). The trees were built based on maximum likelihood (ML, left) and Bayesian inference (BI, right). Values at nodes indicate bootstrap scores from ML and posterior probabilities from BI. Outgroups are only shown in the ML tree with both the support values. Scale bars indicate the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. OTUs sequenced in this study are in bold face. Each letter in parentheses after non-bold OTUs denotes the source: C, Chichvarkhin (2017b); F, Foltz and Rocha- Olivares (unpublished); K, Knott et al. (2018); L, Lopes et al. (2016); M, Matsubara et al. (2004); W, Wada et al. (1996). Circles indicate species listed as Setihenricia in Chichvarkhin and Chichvarkhina (2017). Triangles indicate species morphologically identified as Setihenricia in this study (see Fig. 4A).
Fig. 2 in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 2. Measurements (morphometrics) of four kinds of ossicles of Henricia nipponica (Oshoro): A, dorsal spine (DS); B, adambulacral spine (AdS); C, adambulacral plate (AdP), proximal view; D, ambulacral plate (AmP), proximal view.
Fig. 5 in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 5. Side views of the arms of Henricia nipponica (Oshoro) (A, B) and Henricia tumida (C, D). A, C, Lower magnification; B, D, higher magnification of the rectangle on A and C, respectively. The number of the rows of spines on the inferomarginal plate can be interpreted as either two (solid line), two or three (dashed line), or three (dotted line). Scale bars indicate 1 mm.
Fig. 1 in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 1. Sampling locations of Henricia (circle) and Echinaster (square) specimens around Japan. (1) Off Abashiri, Hokkaido; H. sp. 2 (Abashiri 1), H. sp. 3 (Abashiri 2); (2) Oshoro, Hokkaido; H. nipponica (Oshoro), H. ohshimai (Oshoro); (3) Off Iwanai, Hokkaido; H. reniossa; (4) Akkeshi, Hokkaido; H. reticulata, H. tumida, H. sp. 1 (Akkeshi); (5) Muroran, Hokkaido; H. nipponica (Muroran); (6) Off Iwate; H. hayashii; (7) Off Miyagi; H. kinkasana; (8) Off Fukushima; H. sp. 4 (Fukushima); (9) Misaki, Kanagawa; H. ohshimai (Misaki); (10) Iki Island, Nagasaki; H. regularis; (11) Okinoerabu Island, Kagoshima; H. sp. 8 (Okinoerabu); (12) Iheya Island, Okinawa; E. sepositus; (13) Okinawa Island, Okinawa; H. sp. 5 (Okinawa); (14) Nagannu Island, Okinawa; H. sp. 7 (Nagannu); (15) Aka Island, Okinawa; E. callosus; (16) Miyako Island, Okinawa; H. sp. 6 (Miyako); (17) Iriomote Island, Okinawa; E. luzonicus.
Fig. 4 in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 4. Morphological characters which might be useful to distinguish Setihenricia species from non-Setihenricia species. A, number of rows of spines on each inferomarginal plate; B, SEM images of AdP; C, AdPwidth; D, SEM images of AmP; E, photographs of entire body; F, ratios of AmPwidth/AmPneck/r. See Table 4for abbreviations. Circles on boxplots (A, C, and F) indicate outliers. Specimens that show three (indicated by a vertical dashed line on A) or more rows of the spines can be identified as Setihenricia (Chichvarkhin and Chichvarkhina 2017). Enlarged images of B, D, and E are available in the figshare repository (Wakita et al. 2019).
Fig. 6 in Molecular Systematics and Morphological Analyses of the Subgenus Setihenricia (Echinodermata: Asteroidea: Henricia) from Japan
Fig. 6. Morphological characters representing the degree of tapering of spines. A, SEM images of DS; B, ratios of DSbase/DStip; C, SEM images of AdS; D, ratios of AdSbase/AdStip. See Table 4for abbreviations. Circles on boxplots (B and D) indicate outliers. On B and D, a value above one (indicated by a vertical dashed line) can be interpreted that the spine is tapered. Enlarged images of A and C are available in the figshare repository (Wakita et al. 2019).
Fig. 7. Acetes spiniger Hansen, 1919 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 7. Acetes spiniger Hansen, 1919. (a–e) male (cl 4.3 mm) and (f–i) female (cl. 5.8 mm) from off Kuala Selangor, Malaysia (NSMT-Cr 31637): a, anterior part of cephalothorax, lateral; b, posterior part of abdomen, lateral; c, right left lower antennular flagellum; d, basal segments of third pereopod and genital coxa, ventral; e, capitulum of right petasma; f, anterior part of cephalothorax, lateral; g, basal segments of third pereopod and third and fourth thoracic sternites, ventral; h, lateral profile showing channels and sternites between third and fourth thoracic somites, i, posterior part of telson, dorsal. Abbreviations: gc, genital coxa; iiist, ivst, third and fourth thoracic sternites, respectively.
Fig. 6 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 6. Acetes omorii Hanamura, Imai & Hardianto sp. nov. (a) holotype male (cl 5.3 mm) (NSMT-Cr 31621), and (b–d) paratype female (cl 6.0 mm) (NSMT-Cr 31622) from Matang Mangrove, Malaysia: a, b, right lower antennular flagellum of male and female, respectively; c, basal segments of third pereopod and third and fourth abdominal sternites, ventral; d, lateral profile showing channels and sternites between third and fourth thoracic somites. Abbreviations: iiist, ivst, third and fourth thoracic sternites, respectively.
Fig. 3 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 3. Map showing sampling localities and distribution ranges of Acetes indicus, A. omorii sp. nov. and A. spiniger recognised in this study with certainty: blue solid circles (nos. 1–2) for A. indicus, green solid squares and open square (museum vouchered specimens) for A. spiniger, and red solid triangles for A. omorii sp. nov. Numerals indicating sampling locations: 1, Chiringa; 2, Kumira-Sandwip Ship Ghat; 3, Merbok Mangrove; 4; Matang Mangrove, 5; Kuala Selangor; 6, Malacca; 7, Samut Prakan; 8, Setarap Estuary, South Kalimantan; and 9, Goa.
Fig. 2 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 2. Haplotype network (implemented in PopART) of the Acetes indicus, A. omorii sp. nov., and A. spiniger based on the mitochondrial 16S (a) and mitochondrial COI (b) markers using minimum spanning network (MSN) analysis with outgroups of congeneric species. Circles with different colours represent different species.
Fig. 1 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 1. Bayesian inference trees of Acetes indicus, A. omorii sp. nov., and A. spiniger with the outgroups of other congeneric species based on the mitochondrial 16S (a) and mitochondrial COI (b) markers. Values at the nodes are Bayesian posterior probabilities/Maximum Likelihood/Neighbor Joining support values. For the haplotype abbreviations, see Table 1.
Fig. 5 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 5. Acetes omorii Hanamura, Imai and Hardianto sp. nov. (a–g) holotype male (cl 5.3 mm) (NSMT-Cr 31621), and (b–d) paratype female (cl 6.0 mm) from Matang Mangrove, Malaysia (NSMT-Cr 31622): a, cephalothorax, lateral; b, same, anterior part enlarged; c, right posterior part of abdomen, lateral; d, posterior part of telson, dorsal; e, basal segments of third pereopod and genital coxa; f, capitulum of petasma, posterior; g, right endopod of second pleopod, mesial; h, anterior part of body.
Fig. 4. Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 in Taxonomic Assessment of Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Sergestoidea) as Revealed from Molecular and Morphological Analyses: Re-validation of A. spiniger Hansen, 1919 and Designation of a New Species
Fig. 4. Acetes indicus H. Milne Edwards, 1830. (a–g) male (cl 5.6 mm) from Kumia-Sandwip Ship Ghat Bangladesh, and (h–j) female (cl 7.3 mm) from same locality (NSMT-Cr 31616): a, anterior part of cephalothorax, lateral; b, posterior part of abdomen, lateral; c, posterior part of telson, dorsal; d, left lower antennular flagellum; e, basal segments of third pereopod and genital coxa, ventral; f, right petasma, posterior; g, same, capitulum; h, anterior part of cephalothorax, lateral; i, basal segments of third pereopod and third and fourth abdominal sternites, ventral; j, lateral profile showing channels and sternites between third and fourth thoracic somites. Abbreviations: gc, genital coxa; iiist and ivst, third and fourth thoracic sternites, respectively.
Figs 2A, B in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Figs 2A, B. Line drawings of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during early stages of reorganization. A, B – ventral views, showing the formation of the oral primordium, I–V anlagen for the frontal-ventral-transverse cirri, and appearance of undulating membranes anlage, arrowheads in (B) indicate anlagen of dorsal kineties. FC – frontal cirri, FVC – frontal ventral cirri, I–V – frontoventraltransverse cirral anlagen I–V, OP – oral primordium, PVC – postoral ventral cirri, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bar: 50 μm.
Figs 3A–F in Systematic Analyses of the Genus Architricha and Pleurotricha curdsi (Ciliophora, Oxytrichidae), with Redescriptions of Their Morphology
Figs 3A–F. Photomicrographs of protagol stained cells of Architricha indica during regenerative (A–C) and morphogenetic stages (D–F). A, B – ventral (A) and detailed dorsal (B) view of cell during early stage of reorganization, showing the formation of oral primordium (OP), the frontoventral-transverse cirral (FVT) anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads); C – anterior part of ventral side of another regenerating cell, showing the anlage V arose from the cirrus IV/2 (arrowhead); D – ventral view, showing the six streaks of FVT anlagen; E, F – ventral (E) and dorsal (F) detailed view, showing the FVT anlagen dividing into fragments, the dedifferentiation of parental undulating membranes and the origin of multiple marginal rows in (E) and showing the anlagen for dorsal kineties in (F), arrowheads showing the new frontal cirri that came from the undulating membranes anlage. DKA – dorsal kinety anlagen, FVTA – frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, I–V – FVT I to V, LMA – left marginal row anlagen, OP – oral primordium, RMA – right marginal anlagen, UMA – undulating membranes anlage. Scale bars: 50 μm.
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