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26 results for “morphological modification”
Text-fig. 1. D&E tree of Endress and Doyle (2009), from the combined morphological and molecular analysis of Doyle and Endress (2000), with modifications based on more recent data, showing the inferred evolution of the reticulum grading character (39). Boxes under names of taxa indicate their character state; shading of branches indicates their reconstructed state based on parsimony optimization with MacClade (Maddison and Maddison 2003). Nymph = Nymphaeales, Aust = Austrobaileyales, Chlor = Chloranthaceae, Piper = Piperales, Ca = Canellales, Magnol = Magnoliales. in Early Cretaceous Monocots: A Phylogenetic Evaluation
Text-fig. 1. D&E tree of Endress and Doyle (2009), from the combined morphological and molecular analysis of Doyle and Endress (2000), with modifications based on more recent data, showing the inferred evolution of the reticulum grading character (39). Boxes under names of taxa indicate their character state; shading of branches indicates their reconstructed state based on parsimony optimization with MacClade (Maddison and Maddison 2003). Nymph = Nymphaeales, Aust = Austrobaileyales, Chlor = Chloranthaceae, Piper = Piperales, Ca = Canellales, Magnol = Magnoliales.
Fig. 8 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 8. Detail of spines of productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian). A. UCMP 155658, external view of the posterior region of a ventral valve attached to a bryozoan colony. B. UCMP 155658, internal view of a ventral valve, with spines attached to the same bryozoan colony as in A. Arrows point to changing orientation towards the ring structures within a bryozoan colony. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 5. Productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 5. Productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian), UCMP 155660. A. Disarticulated ventral valve of a specimen attached in situ to a bryozoan colony, showing spines modified up to 90° (arrowed) from the original direction of growth. B. Spines adap− ted and following grooves (arrowed) developed on the surface of a bryozoan colony. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 3. Tubular hollow spines developed on the surface of a ventral valve of productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian); UCMP 155651. A. SEM photograph. B. Enlargement showing detail of the arrangement of spines. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 2 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 2. Ontogenetic stages of productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian); based on length and width measurements of studied specimens (N = 44). Gray arrows indicate the image of the characteristic morphology of specimens from ontogenetic stages 1 and 2, and the dark arrow reflects a change in size from stage 1 to stage 6 (see additional information in the text and on Fig. 4).
Fig. 1 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 1. Overall morphology of productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian). A. UCMP 155651, dorsal (A1) and ventral (A2) views of a silicified complete specimen. B. UCMP155656, interior view of a silicified dorsal valve. C. UCMP 155653, dorsal (C1) and ventral (C2) views of a silicified complete juvenile specimen. D. UCMP 155654, interior view of a silicified ventral valve. Scale bars 5 mm.
Fig. 6. Juvenile productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 6. Juvenile productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian). A. UCPM 155661, disarticulated valve of a specimen inside of a ventral valve of a mature specimen. B. UCMP 155662, specimen growing in situ inside of a dissociated ventral valve of a dead individual, with spines modifying the original course of growth (arrowed) to prevent breakage. Scale bars 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Functional morphology and modifications on spine growth in the productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi
Fig. 4. Growth and arrangement of spines during the ontogeny productid brachiopod Heteralosia slocomi King, 1938; Moorman Ridge, White Pine County, Nevada, USA; middle Desmoinesian (Moscovian). A. UCMP 155655, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image image of the external morphology of the ventral valve of a specimen from the ontogenetic Stage 1. B. UCMP 155655, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image image of the external morphology of the ventral valve of a specimen from the ontogenetic Stage 2. C. UCMP 155651, macro−photographic image of the external morphology of the ventral valve of a specimen from the ontogenetic Stage 6. Photographs of growth stages in specimens (see Fig. 2) (A1–C1) and corresponding schematic diagrams (A2–C2) of progressive emplacement of spines (circles representing growth lamellae).
FIGURE 3 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna
FIGURE 3 | Representation of significant associations (p <0.05) identified by the fourth-corner method in the factorial map of the RLQ analysis. Red denotes a positive relationship between morphological traits and environmental variables, blue indicates a negative relationship, and grey represents nonsignificant relationships. Codes: Cond: Conductivity, Rock: Rocky substrate, Woody: Woody debris, Turb: Turbidity, Backw: Backwater, DO: Dissolved Oxygen, Temp: Temperature. See acronyms for the morphological traits in Tab. S3.
FIGURE 1 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna
FIGURE 1 | Study area. Location of sampling sites according with land use covers: S1 -Manoel Gomes, S2 - Pedregulho, S3 - Arquimedes, S4 - Bom Retiro, S5 - Rio da Paz, S6 - Nene, S7 - Cascavel, S8 - Afluente do Quati, and S9 - Quati.
FIGURE 2 in Habitat modification driven by land use as an environmental filter on the morphological traits of neotropical stream fish fauna
FIGURE 2 | Relationship between morphological traits and environmental variables of the first two axes of the RLQ of the species along the lower Iguaçu River. The figures of the fish were added to illustrate the species. Codes: Woody: Woddy debris, Cond: Conductivity, Rocky: Rocky substrate, Turb: Turbidity, Backw: Backwater, DO: Dissolved Oxygen, Temp: Temperature, Anc: Ancystrus sp., Syn: Synbranchus sp., Hyp: Hypostomus sp., Hep: Heptapterus sp., Cam: Cambeva sp., Cor: Corydoras sp., Rha: Rhamdia sp., Geo: Geophagus sp., Ast: Astyanax sp., Psa: Psalidodon sp., Bry: Bryconamericus sp., Gym: Gymnotus sp., Hop: Hoplias sp., Pha: Phalloceros sp., Poe: Poecilia sp.
Figure 30. Argyrodinae male prosoma modifications. A, Argyrodes elevatus. B in Morphological phylogeny of cobweb spiders and their relatives (Araneae, Araneoidea, Theridiidae)
Figure 30. Argyrodinae male prosoma modifications. A, Argyrodes elevatus. B, Faiditus cf. chickeringi. C, Rhomphaea metaltissima. D, Neospintharus trigonum. Scale bars: 100 mm.
Polymer-assisted modification of metal-organic framework MIL-96 (Al): influence on particle size, crystal morphology and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal
<p>Dataset supporting publication.</p> <p><strong>Polymer-assisted modification of metal-organic framework MIL-96 (Al): influence of HPAM concentration on particle size, crystal morphology and removal of harmful environmental pollutant PFOA</strong></p> <p>Chemosphere, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128072">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128072</a></p> <p>Preprint available from ChemRxiv, <a href="https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12262010.v2">https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12262010.v2</a></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>A new synthesis method was developed to prepare an aluminum-based metal organic framework (MIL-96) with a larger particle size and different crystal habits. A low cost and water-soluble polymer, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), was added in varying quantities into the synthesis reaction to achieve >200% particle size enlargement with controlled crystal morphology. The modified adsorbent, MIL-96-RHPAM2, was systematically characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, BET and TGA-MS. Using activated carbon (AC) as a reference adsorbent, the effectiveness of MIL-96-RHPAM2 for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) removal from water was examined. The study confirms stable morphology of hydrated MIL-96-RHPAM2 particles as well as a superior PFOA adsorption capacity (340 mg/g) despite its lower surface area, relative to standard MIL-96. MIL-96-RHPAM2 suffers from slow adsorption kinetics as the modification significantly blocks pore access. The strong adsorption of PFOA by MIL-96-RHPAM2 was associated with the formation of electrostatic bonds between the anionic carboxylate of PFOA and the amine functionality present in the HPAM backbone. Thus, the strongly held PFOA molecules in the pores of MIL-96-RHPAM2 were not easily desorbed even after eluted with a high ionic strength solvent (500 mM NaCl). Nevertheless, this simple HPAM addition strategy can still chart promising pathways to impart judicious control over adsorbent particle size and crystal shapes while the introduction of amine functionality onto the surface chemistry is simultaneously useful for enhanced PFOA removal from contaminated aqueous systems.</p>
Experimental modification of morphology reveals the effects of the zygosphene-zygantrum joint on the range of motion of snake vertebrae
Variation in joint shape and soft tissue can alter range of motion (ROM) and create trade-offs between stability and flexibility. The shape of the distinctive zygosphene–zygantrum joint of snake vertebrae has been hypothesized to prevent axial torsion (twisting), but its function has never been tested experimentally. We used experimental manipulation of morphology to determine the role of the zygosphene–zygantrum articulation by micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and 3D printing two mid-body vertebrae with unaltered shape and with the zygosphene digitally removed for four species of phylogenetically diverse snakes. We recorded the angular ROM while manipulating the models in yaw (lateral bending), pitch (dorsoventral bending) and roll (axial torsion). Removing the zygosphene typically increased yaw and dorsal pitch ROM. In the normal vertebrae, roll was <2.5 deg for all combinations of pitch and yaw. Roll increased in altered vertebrae but only for combinations of high yaw and ventral pitch that were near or beyond the limits of normal vertebra ROM. In the prairie rattlesnake and brown tree snake, roll in the altered vertebrae was always limited by bony processes other than the zygosphene, whereas in the altered vertebrae of the corn snake and boa constrictor, roll ROM was unconstrained when the pre- and post-zygapophyses no longer overlapped. The zygosphene acts as a bony limit for yaw and dorsal pitch, indirectly preventing roll by precluding most pitch and yaw combinations where roll could occur and potentially allowing greater forces to be applied across the vertebral column than would be possible with only soft-tissue constraints.
The effect of land-use modification in Sabah, Malaysia on the morphology of two beetle families: Carabidae and Chyrsomelidae
<b>Description: </b><p>Feeding morphology and body size of carabid and chrysomelid beetles</p><p><b>Project: </b>This dataset was collected as part of the following SAFE research project: <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/projects/project_view/82"><b>Spatial scaling of beetle community diversity</b></a></p><p><b>XML metadata: </b>GEMINI compliant metadata for this dataset is available <a href="https://www.safeproject.net/datasets/xml_metadata?id=14">here</a></p><p><b>Data worksheets: </b>There are 1 data worksheets in this dataset:</p><ol><li><p><b>Beetle morphometrics</b> (Worksheet Data)</p><p>Dimensions: 762 rows by 18 columns</p><p>Description: Feeding morphology and body size of carabid and chrysomelid beetles</p><p>Fields: </p><ul><li><b>Date</b>: Date sample was collected in field (Field type: Date)</li><li><b>Trap_ID </b>: SAFE Project sample site (Field type: Location)</li><li><b>Traptype</b>: Component of the insect collection trap (Field type: Categorical)</li><li><b>Individual_ID</b>: Specimen reference code (Field type: ID)</li><li><b>Family</b>: Family ID (Field type: Taxa)</li><li><b>Pronotum_Length</b>: Elytra length (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Elytra_Length</b>: Elytra length (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Body_length</b>: Body length (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Mean_Antennae_length</b>: Antennal length (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Labrum_Width</b>: Labrum width (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Mean_Maxillary_Palp_Length</b>: Length of maxillary palp (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Distance_Protruding_from_Labrum</b>: distance that the mandibles protruded from the labrum (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>No_of_Hairs_on_Upper_Lips</b>: Number of hairs on clypeus (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Hairs_on_Palps</b>: NA (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Curved_Labrum</b>: Is the labrum curved? (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li><li><b>Mandible_Width</b>: Mandible width (Field type: Numeric Trait)</li><li><b>Fringe_extending_from_Labrum</b>: Is there a fringe of hairs extending from the labrum? (Field type: Categorical Trait)</li></ul><br></li></ol><p><b>Date range: </b>2011-02-21 to 2012-07-31</p><p><b>Latitudinal extent: </b>4.6350 to 4.7716</p><p><b>Longitudinal extent: </b>116.9477 to 117.7028</p><p><b>Taxonomic coverage: </b><br> All taxon names are validated against the GBIF backbone taxonomy. If a dataset uses a synonym, the accepted usage is shown followed by the dataset usage in brackets. Taxa that cannot be validated, including new species and other unknown taxa, morphospecies, functional groups and taxonomic levels not used in the GBIF backbone are shown in square brackets.</p><div>Animalia<br> - Arthropoda<br> -  - Insecta<br> -  -  - Coleoptera<br> -  -  -  - Carabidae<br> -  -  -  - Cerambycidae<br> -  -  -  - Chrysomelidae<br></div><p></p>
Experimental modification of morphology reveals the effects of the zygosphene-zygantrum joint on the range of motion of snake vertebrae
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Figure 5. a in Morphological and performance modifications in the world's only marine lizard, the Galápagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Figure 5. a, LD function for variation in stride kinematics between iguanids, two of the fastest runs for each individual were retained (marine iguana N = 65, black spiny-tailed iguana N = 35, green iguana N = 22). Kernel density ellipses for each species illustrate 90% and 70% of the data distribution. b, loadings for iguanid stride kinematics in (a). c, LD function for variation in stride kinematics between subspecies of marine iguana. d, Loadings for iguanid stride kinematics in (c).
Figure 4. a, linear regression illustrating the relationship between log10 stride length and log10 stride speed. b in Morphological and performance modifications in the world's only marine lizard, the Galápagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Figure 4. a, linear regression illustrating the relationship between log10 stride length and log10 stride speed. b, linear regression illustrating the relationship between and log10 stride frequency and log10 stride speed for iguanids.
Figure 3. a, linear discriminant function illustrating shape variation between iguanids. Kernel density ellipses for each species illustrate 90 in Morphological and performance modifications in the world's only marine lizard, the Galápagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Figure 3. a, linear discriminant function illustrating shape variation between iguanids. Kernel density ellipses for each species illustrate 90% and 70% of the data distribution. b, graph of morphometric trait loadings from LD analysis.
Figure 1. a in Morphological and performance modifications in the world's only marine lizard, the Galápagos marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
Figure 1. a, morphological measurements and landmarks used in video digitization. Also illustrated are the three movements of the femur relative to the pelvis including (b) femur protraction, (c) femur rotation and (d) femur adduction (Supporting Information, Table S15).
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