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2,691 results for “moths”
Moths, Ants and Pitcher Plants in Bogs at Harvard Forest and Belchertown MA 2007-2013
Ecologists have long recognized that coexistence of interacting species depends on a diversity of separate, but linked habitats. Most models of species coexistence treat these habitat "patches" as unchanging elements of the landscape, but in reality, they are constantly changing in size and shape. The structure and dynamics of the food webs that inhabit them both control and depend on these changes. In this five-year (2006-2011) collaborative project, we are using a combination of extensive field surveys and intensive field experiments to understand how species interactions change the spatial distribution of dynamic habitat patches across the landscape, and to determine how food webs are structured within and among these patches. The experimental system for this five-year research project is the Sarracenia "microecosystem": the northern pitcher-plant Sarracenia purpurea; the unique food web of bacteria, protozoa, rotifers, mites, and fly larvae that live within its rainwater-filled leaves; three species of bog-inhabiting ants that are the primary prey for this carnivorous plant; and larvae of the pitcher-plant moth, Exyra fax, which cut and drain pitchers and remove food web habitat. Results from surveys of bogs in all six New England state and field experiments conducted at bogs at Harvard Forest and Belchertown, Massachusetts will be used to parameterize a simulation model to predict changes in spatial structure of ant, moth, and plant populations, and the structure and composition of the aquatic food web associated with the plant. This work is funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation, through collaborative awards 0541680 and 0541936.
Patterns of Speciation in a Parapatric Pair of Saturnia Moths as Revealed by Target Capture
<p>This is the dataset for the manuscript entitled Patterns of Speciation in a Parapatric Pair of Saturnia Moths as Revealed by Target Capture. This study helps in the delimitation of a parapatric pair of two species of moths in a complex distribution considering their evolutionary history with the help of the Target Capture method.</p>
Data from: Investigating the impact of street lighting changes on garden moth communities
<p>This data package accompanies:<br><em>Plummer et al (2016). Investigating the impact of street lighting changes on garden moth communities. Journal of Urban Ecology. DOI 10.1093/jue/juw004</em></p> <p>It contains a copy of the two derived datasets used to complete the analyses presented in the paper. File details:</p> <p><strong>1. ReadMe.txt: </strong>Includes a description of the variables included in each dataset.</p> <p><strong>2. Plummer_JUrbanEcol_2016_BACI_dataset.csv: </strong>A .csv file including two years (2011 & 2013) of macro-moth community data (abundance, richness, diversity) for 18 garden locations in Birmingham, UK. Data are summarised per garden and year, together with data for proximity to street lamp replacement.</p> <p><strong>3. Plummer_JUrbanEcol_2016_light_composition_dataset.csv:</strong> A .csv file including one year (2013) of garden moth community data (abundance, richness, diversity; including macro- and micro-moths) for 18 garden locations in Birmingham, UK. Data are summarised per trapping event, together with associated street lighting and habitat characteristics for each garden. </p> <p>We would also greatly appreciate if you could fill out <a href="https://forms.gle/DCc58VXpdmqnTmTk8" target="_blank" rel="noopener">this very short form</a> to tell us how you intend to use these data. Thanks in advance!</p>
Moth trends and traits in Flanders (northern Belgium)
<p>This code is related to the investigation of species traits as a guidance for moth conservation in the highly anthropogenic European region of Flanders (northern part of Belgium) based on Multi-Species Change Indices (MSCIs).</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <ol> <li>Insects appear to decline rapidly in recent decades. This so-called sixth mass extinction garnered significant media attention, raising public awareness.</li> <li>Macro-moths—a species-rich and ecologically diverse insect group—face severe declines, particularly in urbanised and intensively farmed areas.</li> <li>Flanders is a highly anthropogenic region, serving as a case study where the impact on macro-moths of stressors like intensive agriculture, industrialization and urbanization has been quantified through a recently compiled Red List. Here, for 717 macro-moth species, we calculated relative changes in distribution area between a reference period (1980-2012) and the subsequent period (2013-2022). By correlating these species-specific trends with ten key ecological and life-history traits, we calculated more general Multi-Species Change Indices (MSCIs).</li> <li>These MSCIs showed that species associated with wet biotopes and heathlands declined on average by 20-25%, while (sub)urban species increased by more than 60%. Species feeding on lichens or mosses increased by 31%, while grass-feeding species decreased by 20%. Both very small (+34%) and very large species (+15%) increased, whereas medium-sized species decreased by 5%. Monophagous (+17%), migrant (+88%), and colour-invariable species (+5%) increased, while colour-variable species decreased (-8%). Finally, Holarctic (-21%) and Palearctic species (-5%) decreased, while Mediterranean (+27%) and Western-Palearctic species (+9%) increased.</li> <li>Our trait-based approach identifies key threats and mitigation strategies for moths in anthropogenic regions, offering evidence-based insights for crafting efficient management recommendations and informed conservation policies to safeguard moth communities.</li> </ol>
Data from: Evolutionary potential and constraints in an aposematic species: Genetic correlations between warning coloration and fitness components in wood tiger moths
<p>Phenotypic data and pedigrees of two laboratory populations of wood tiger moths (<em>Arctia plantaginis</em>) of Finnish (=FIN) and Estonian (=EST) ancestry.</p> <p><strong>Pedigree: </strong><br>ID: individual identifier<br>sire = Father<br>dam=mother</p> <p><strong>Pheno.data: </strong><br>ID: individual identifier<br>Sex: 1=male; 2=female<br>hatchingdate: date when larva hatched<br>pupadate: date of pupation<br>adultdate: date of exclusion<br>Pupa.Weight: weight of pupa [mg]<br>Female.Colour = hindwing colour of females. In this species hindwing colour in females varies continuously from yellow to red. It was quantified by visual matching of hinwdings against a colour scale ranging from 1 = yellow to 6 = red. <br>Signal.Size = larva signal size. Larvae show an orange patch of variable size on the back of their black body. The size is given as number of segments<br>Egg.N = egg number produced by the individual<br>Off.N = offspring number. Larvae were counted 2-3 weeks after egg laying</p> <p> </p>
Acoustic- and Moth sampling at Etonbury Wood (Bedford) - United Kingdom
<p>Moths sampling by hand of led buckets (https://www.vlinderstichting.nl/wat-wij-doen/meetnetten/meetnet-nachtvlinders/ledemmers/) and acoustic sampling by hand of AudioMoths (https://www.openacousticdevices.info/audiomoth) in a silvoarable system</p>
Data from: Moth species richness and diversity decline in a 30-year time series in Norway, irrespective of species' latitudinal range extent and habitat
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Burner, R., V. Selås, S. Kobro, R. Jacobsen, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson. 2021. Moth species richness and abundance decline in a 30-year time series, irrespective of species’ latitudinal range extent and habitat. <em>Journal of Insect Conservation</em><br> </p> <p>Current contact info for corresponding author: Ryan C. Burner, rburner[at]usgs.gov</p> <p> </p> <p>These data consist of a 30-year time series (1984 to 2013) of moth captures from a single site in southeast Norway, along with trait data for many of the species and climate data for the site. The moths were collected and identified by Sverre Kobro for the entire 30-year period and we are grateful for his efforts. </p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract from manuscript:</p> <p><strong>Introduction</strong></p> <p>Insects are reported to be in decline around the globe, but long-term datasets are rare. The causes of these trends are elusive, with land use change and climate change among the top candidates. Yet if species traits can predict rates of population change, this can help identify underlying mechanisms. If climate change is important, for example, northern species may decline as southern species expand. Land use changes, however, may impact species that rely on certain habitats.</p> <p><strong>Aims and Methods</strong></p> <p>We present 30 years of moth captures (comprising 85,149 individuals of 885 species) from a site in southeastern Norway to test for population trends that are correlated with species traits. We use time series analyses and joint species distribution models combined with local climate and habitat data.</p> <p><strong>Results and Discussion</strong></p> <p>Species richness and abundance declined by 10.1% and 13.8% per decade, respectively. Capture rates declined for 19% of species during this time as well, though 6% have increased. Annual summer weather is correlated with annual rates of abundance change for many species. But, opposite to a general expectation, many species in our study responded negatively to increasing summer temperatures. Surprisingly, neither species’ northern range limits nor the habitat in which their primary food plants grow are strong predictors of their rates of change, or their responses to climatic factors. However, species with more southerly distributions are less likely to be declining. Complex and indirect effects of both land use and climate change may play a role in these declines.</p> <p><strong>Implications for insect conservation</strong></p> <p>Our results provide additional evidence for long-term declines in insect abundance. The multifaceted causes of population changes may limit the ability of species traits to reveal which species are most at risk. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS</strong></p> <p>Thanks to J. Fjelddalen, who helped with geometrid moth identifications. This project was supported by internal funding from the Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences.</p> <p> </p>
Spatial and temporal distribution and abundance of moths in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1994 to 2008
The distribution and abundance of macromoth species is strongly influenced by geographical (region-neighboring plots) scale, elevation, aspect, plant community, management regime, and time of year. Noctural macromoths have been observed at a total of 263 sample sites throughout the Andrews Forest watershed since 1994. Only a limited subset of these sites is sampled each year. From 2004 to 2008, 20 sites were sampled consistently using a hierarchical sampling design stratified by elevation and vegetation type. Moths are sampled using blacklight traps deployed for one night every two weeks at each site from April through October. A total of 503 species have been observed, and approximately 300 species may be observed in any given year. The watershed can be divided into 13 distinct zones. The northwest ridge above the Andrews headquarters has the highest number of species (n = 321) and the lowest number of species occurred at upper Lookout Creek (n = 239). Each of 13 zones is missing ca. 200 of the 500 resident species, suggesting that heterogeneity in the landscape is important. A breakdown of the species into functional groups based on larval feeding habits: conifers, hardwood, herb, mix, unknown shows that 43% of Andrews species rely on a hardwoods and 63% rely on hardwoods and herbaceous angiosperms. Conifer-feeders only represent 8% of moth species. However, moths associated with conifer hosts are the most abundant; for instance, in the zone representing the midlevel of Carpenter Mountain 67% of moth individuals are conifer feeders, but only 14% of the species feed on conifers. In contrast, within the zone represented by the Headquarters site, only 32% of the individual moths feed on conifers whereas 56% feed on hardwoods. Moth biogeographic zones correspond to elevation zones and to potential vegetation.
Figures 18–24. Bahamas Pterophoridae pinned adults. 18 in Additions to the plume moth fauna of The Bahamas (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) with description of four new species
Figures 18–24. Bahamas Pterophoridae pinned adults. 18) Hellinsia unicolor ♂, Abaco, 1.vi.2016. 19) Hellinsia bahamensis Matthews, new species, ♀, holotype, Grand Bahama Island, 27.x.2014. 20) Hellinsia lucayana Matthews, new species, ♂, holotype, Crooked Island, 8.vi.2015. 21) Adaina perplexus ♀, Long Island, 31.v–1. vi.2014. 22) Adaina thomae ♀, Crooked Island, 7.vi.2015. 23) Adaina simplicius ♂, Abaco, 30.x.2014. 24) Adaina ambrosiae ♀, Abaco, 3.vi.2016. Scale line below each name equals 1 mm.
Figures 25–28. Bahamas Pterophoridae male genitalia. 25a in Additions to the plume moth fauna of The Bahamas (Lepidoptera: Pterophoridae) with description of four new species
Figures 25–28. Bahamas Pterophoridae male genitalia. 25a) Lioptilodes albistriolatus, slide DM 2159. 25b) phallus, same individual. 26a) Lantanophaga pusillidactylus, slide DM 2161. 26b) phallus, same individual. 27a) Postplatyptilia flinti, slide DM 2099. 27b) phallus, same individual. 28a) Stenoptilodes brevipennis, slide DM 2101. 28b) phallus, same individual.
Figure 5. A in Identity of the ailanthus webworm moth (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology
Figure 5. A Neotype of Deiopeia [= Atteva] aurea, specimen CNCLEP00031092 (CNC) B–C Barcoded specimens of A. aurea from Maryland collected 4 Aug and 31 Jul 2006 respectively (specimens CNCLEP00027030 and CNCLEP00026910, CNC) D Aberrant specimen of A. aurea from Maryland collected 4 Aug 2006 (specimen CNCLEP00027027, CNC)
Figure 3. A in Identity of the ailanthus webworm moth (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology
Figure 3. A The original figure of Atteva punctella from Plate 372 in Stoll (1781). Th e illustration is 25 mm wide in the work B Phalaena Tinea punctella Stoll (= A. pustulella Fabricius), specimen USNCN- CLEP00056027 (USNM) C Atteva hysginiella, specimen CNCLEP00060122 (CNC) D A. zebra, specimen CNCLEP00056033 (USNM).
Figure 4. A in Identity of the ailanthus webworm moth (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology
Figure 4. A Holotype of A. edithella, specimen USNMENT00656111 (USNM) B Holotype of A. exquisita from Coahuila, Mexico, specimen USNMENT00656112 (USNM) C Holotype of A. ergatica, specimen CNCLEP00060676 (BMNH); due to markedly drooped wings, two half-photos were joined to show both sides D Holotype of A. microsticta, specimen USNMENT00656110 (USNM).
Figure 2 in Identity of the ailanthus webworm moth (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae), a complex of two species: evidence from DNA barcoding, morphology and ecology
Figure 2. Map showing the distribution of Atteva specimens examined as part of this study. Notable specimens are highlighted in red.
Figures 1-2 in A new genus and two new species of arctiine tiger moth (Noctuidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) from Costa Rica
Figures 1-2. Adult habitus of Leichosila gen. n. 1. Leichosila talamanca sp. n., male holotype. 2. Leichosila wagneri sp. n., male holotype.
Figures 3-5 in A new genus and two new species of arctiine tiger moth (Noctuidae, Arctiinae, Arctiini) from Costa Rica
Figures 3-5. Male genitalia of Leichosila. 3a. L. talamanca (paratype), genital capsule (ventral view); 3b. phallus (left lateral view), with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 4a. L. wagneri (holotype), genital capsule (ventral view); 4b. phallus (left lateral view) with inflated vesica (ventrobasal diverticulum highlighted); 5. L. talamanca, 8th abdominal sternite, showing medioventral sclerite and lateral lobes.
Figure 3 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Figure 3. Rates of development of Utetheisa ornatrix larvae on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria in Florida and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) partial development of larvae on the native C. rotundifolia versus exotic C. lanceolata; (B, C) partial development of larvae on the native C. pumila versus exotic C. lanceolata; (D, E) development of larvae on the exotic C. spectabilis/retusa versus exotic C. lanceolata; (F) development of larvae on C. incana (native to U. ornatrix range in the Neotropics, but introduced to Florida) versus exotic C. lanceolata. (F – based on data from Sourakov and Locascio 2013).
Figure 4 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Figure 4. Fore wing size of Utetheisa ornatrix raised on different species of native and exotic Crotalaria and effect of leaves versus beans in the diet (see text for details): (A) Fore wing size of
Figure 2 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Figure 2. (A) Understorey of the Florida hammock habitat occupied with invasive exotic Crotalaria spectabilis; (B) a clearing in a secondary Florida habitat, overgrown with exotic Crotalaria pallida; (C, D) mature larvae of U. ornatrix prefer pods of C. spectabilis over leaves; (E) carpenter ants are attracted to the extrafloral nectaries of C. lanceolata; (F, G) larva of U. ornatrix on C. pumila and a pod destroyed by it; (H) mature larva of U. ornatrix inside a pod of C. incana; (I, J) pods of C. pallida are numerous and large and provide ample food and shelter for U. ornatrix; (K) empty pods of C. spectabilis in December with all of their seeds consumed by U. ornatrix larvae; (L) in December, C. retusa becomes the preferred hostplant of U. ornatrix in the C. spectabilis-dominated habitat, when the latter declines; similarly, C. pumila becomes preferred for oviposition in C. lanceolata-dominated habitat; (M) the seeds of C. retusa are well protected by thick walls of the pod; here, a third instar larva is unable to penetrate it; (N) onset of the ultimate instar; (O–Q) prepupa-to-pupa development of U. ornatrix.
Figure 1 in You are what you eat: native versus exotic Crotalaria species (Fabaceae) as host plants of the Ornate Bella Moth, Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae)
Figure 1. (A) In the wild population of U. ornatrix, adult moth landing on the flower of exotic Crotalaria retusa, Micanopy, Florida; (B) a typical size of a moth from a wild population at Cross Creek, Florida, resulting from larval feeding on C. rotundifolia leaves (top) and its offspring raised in the laboratory on beans of C. spectabilis (bottom) (fore wing length = 20 mm); (C) a single egg batch split in two (experimental and control groups) prior to hatching; (D) hostplant preference test using mature larvae of U. ornatrix inside a tray; (E) differences in pod size and seed volume in six Crotalaria species found in Florida; (F) difference in sprouting rate under similar conditions: native Crotalaria pumila shows much slower sprouting rate than introduced invasive Crotalaria species; (G) upland pine habitat on the University of Florida campus overtaken by thousands of exotic Crotalaria lanceolata plants with a sporadic native C. pumila in the midst (October 2014); (H) U. ornatrix eggs on C. lanceolata; (I) first instar larvae; (J) third instar larva.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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