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174 results for “motor cortex”
Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Delayed Hemodynamic Changes in the Primary Motor Cortex During Fine Motor Tasks and Decreased Interhemispheric Connectivity in Parkinson's Disease Patients
<p>This dataset contains functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data from 20 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects without movement disorders. There are 3 folders, each corresponding to a different task: a 10-second finger-tapping task, a 2-minute walking task, and a 6-minute resting-state. When using this dataset, please cite our work:</p> <div> <div>Guevara, E., Rivas-Ruvalcaba, F. J., Kolosovas-Machuca, E. S., Ramírez-Elías, M., Zapata, R. D. de L., Ramirez-GarciaLuna, J. L., & Rodríguez-Leyva, I. (2024). Parkinson’s disease patients show delayed hemodynamic changes in primary motor cortex in fine motor tasks and decreased resting-state interhemispheric functional connectivity: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. <em>Neurophotonics</em>, <em>11</em>(2), 025004. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.11.2.025004">https://doi.org/10.1117/1.NPh.11.2.025004</a></div> <div> <div> <div>Guevara, E., Solana-Lavalle, G., & Rosas-Romero, R. (2024). Integrating fNIRS and machine learning: Shedding light on Parkinson’s disease detection. <em>EXCLI Journal</em>, <em>23</em>, 763–771. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7151">https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2024-7151</a></div> <div> <div> <div> <div> <div>Guevara, E., Kolosovas-Machuca, E. S., & Rodríguez-Leyva, I. (2024). Exploring motor cortex functional connectivity in Parkinson’s disease using fNIRS. <em>Brain Organoid and Systems Neuroscience Journal</em>, <em>2</em>, 23–30. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bosn.2024.04.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bosn.2024.04.001</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data set for "Distinct contributions of whisker sensory cortex and tongue-jaw motor cortex in a goal-directed sensorimotor transformation"
<p>Data set for: Mayrhofer JM, El-Boustani S, Foustoukos G, Auffret M, Tamura K, Petersen CCH (2019) Distinct contributions of whisker sensory cortex and tongue-jaw motor cortex in a goal-directed sensorimotor transformation. Neuron https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2019.07.008</p> <p>There are 2 files in this upload:</p> <p>1. The file named "2019_Mayrhofer_Neuron.pdf" is the Open Access pdf file of the manuscript published in Neuron.</p> <p>2. The file named "Mayrhofer_data_code.zip" (~20 GB) is a zipped version of a folder "Mayrhofer_data_code" (~57 GB), which contains the data analysed in the study along with the Matlab code used to generate the published figures. The analysis code is in a subfolder named "MatlabCode", and the specific code for generating each figure panel is in a sub-subfolder named "Figures_tjM1_paper". When running the code, you need to set the Matlab file path to be "Mayrhofer_data_code". In addition, you should add the folder "Mayrhofer_data_code" with subfolders in Matlab "Set Path". The figures will be saved in a subfolder named "Figures". Some parts of the code rely upon previous results, and need to be executed sequentially in the order of the figure panels in the journal publication.</p>
Accompanying empirical data for Kirchherr et al., 2023, "Bayesian multilevel hidden Markov models identify stable state dynamics in longitudinal recordings from macaque primary motor cortex"
<p>This repository contains data accompanying: Kirchherr et al., 2023, "Bayesian multilevel hidden Markov models identify stable state dynamics in longitudinal recordings from macaque primary motor cortex".</p> <p>Data collection methods:</p> <p>Two adult female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) trained on a reaching, and grasping, and placing task served as the subjects. The animal handling as well as surgical and experimental procedures complied with European guideline (2010/63/UE) and authorized by the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research (project # 2016112713202878) in force on the care and use of laboratory animals, and were approved by the ethics committee CELYNE (comité d’éthique Lyonnais pour les neurosciences expérimentale, C2EA 42). After initial training, we performed a sterile surgery to implant six floating multielectrode arrays (FMA, Microprobes for Life Science, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) in the right (monkey 1) or left (monkey 2) cortical hemisphere. Each array was comprised of 32 platinum/iridium electrodes (impedance 0.5 MΩ at 1 kHz) with lengths ranging from 1 to 6 mm, and with an inter-electrode spacing of 400 μm. One electrode array was implanted in the primary motor cortex (M1), two were implanted in the ventral premotor cortex (F5), one in the dorsal premotor cortex (F2), and two in the prefrontal cortex (45a and 46/12r), as estimated according to a previous magnetic resonance imaging scan. For the purposes of this study, we analyzed data from the M1 array of each monkey.</p> <p>The wideband neural signal (bandpass filtered at 0.1 to 7500 kHz) was recorded at 30 kS/s, and amplified and digitized (16-bit; 0.192 μV resolution) with an Intan Tech-based (Intan Technologies, Los Angeles, CA, USA) open source acquisition system (Open Ephys; Siegle et al. 2017). This system uses a 256-channel Intan RHD2000 series acquisition board and 32-channel headstages (RHD2132). Spike detection was performed offline using Trisdesclous (Garcia & Pouzat,2015). The common reference was removed to reduce ambient noise. Spikes were then detected from each electrode using a threshold of 2 times the median absolute deviation (MAD), and analyzed as multi-unit activity (MUA) in 10 ms bins. All electrodes in which at least one well-isolated spike waveform was detected were selected for the following analyses. We thus used a sample of 21 electrodes out of 32 for monkey 1, and 25 out of 32 electrodes for monkey 2. Custom made detection panels were used to record the moments when the monkey’s hand released the handle, the hand contacted the target object, and when the object was placed in the groove. An Omniplex 16-channel recording system (Plexon, Dallas, TX, USA) was used to simultaneously record these behavioral events. Trials were discarded if the response time (time between the go signal and handle release) was less than 100 or greater than 1500 ms, the reach duration (time between handle release and object contact) was less than 100 or greater than 1000 ms, or the placing duration (time between object contact and placing the object in the groove) was less than 100 or greater than 1200 ms, leaving 19 - 68 trials per day for monkey 1 (M = 43.9, SD = 15.46, N = 439; left: M = 14.8, SD = 5.74; center: M = 14.4, SD = 5.15; right: M = 14.7, SD = 7.73), and 23 - 49 per day for monkey 2 (M = 38.3, SD = 9.87, N = 383; left: M = 14.2, SD = 3.91; center: M = 10.8, SD = 3.55; right: M = 13.3, SD = 3.37).</p> <p><br> Abstract:</p> <p>Neural populations, rather than single neurons, may be the fundamental unit of cortical computation. Analyzing chronically recorded neural population activity is challenging not only because of the high dimensionality of activity in many neurons, but also because of changes in the recorded signal that may or may not be due to neural plasticity. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a promising technique for analyzing such data in terms of discrete, latent states, but previous approaches have either not considered the statistical properties of neural spiking data, have not been adaptable to longitudinal data, or have not modeled condition specific differences. We present a multilevel Bayesian HMM which addresses these shortcomings by incorporating multivariate Poisson log-normal emission probability distributions, multilevel parameter estimation, and trial-specific condition covariates. We applied this framework to multi-unit neural spiking data recorded using chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays from macaque primary motor cortex during a cued reaching, grasping, and placing task. We show that the model identifies latent neural population states which are tightly linked to behavioral events, despite the model being trained without any information about event timing. We show that these events represent specific spatiotemporal patterns of neural population activity and that their relationship to behavior is consistent over days of recording. The utility and stability of this approach is demonstrated using a previously learned task, but this multilevel Bayesian HMM framework would be especially suited for future studies of long-term plasticity in neural populations.</p>
Source code: Bilateral human laryngeal motor cortex in perceptual decision of lexical tone and voicing of consonant
<p>Source code (and data) for the paper <em>Bilateral Human Laryngeal Motor Cortex in Perceptual Decision of Lexical Tone and Voicing of Consonant</em>.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d8e78f58-333f-45fb-954c-4e3a343fa5a1/Exp1_datacollection.zip">Exp1_datacollection.zip</a>:code for data collection in Experiment 1.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d8e78f58-333f-45fb-954c-4e3a343fa5a1/Exp2_datacollection.zip">Exp2_datacollection.zip</a>: code for data collection in Experiment 2.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/d8e78f58-333f-45fb-954c-4e3a343fa5a1/codes_for_dataprocess.zip">codes_for_dataprocess.zip</a>:data processing code and source data.</p> <p>Exp1 and Exp2 collection codes are provided for reference, but for practice, due to copyright and software environment issues, please contact Baishen (liangbs@psych.ac.cn, liangbs95@gmail.com) for technical assistant. </p>
Effects of L-theanine on Motor Cortex Excitability in Healthy Subjects: A Paired-Pulse TMS Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04749745. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 29.
Cholecystokinin facilitates motor skill learning by modulating neuroplasticity in the motor cortex
<p>Cholecystokinin (CCK) is an essential modulator for neuroplasticity in sensory and emotional domains. Here, we investigated the role of CCK in motor learning using a single pellet reaching task in mice. Mice with a knockout of <em>cck</em> gene (CCK<sup>-/-</sup>) or blockade of CCK-B receptor (CCKBR) showed defective motor learning ability; the success rate of retrieving reward remained at the baseline level compared to the wildtype mice with significantly increased success rate. We observed no long-term potentiation (LTP) upon high-frequency stimulation (HFS) in the motor cortex of CCK<sup>-/-</sup> mice, indicating a possible association between motor learning deficiency and neuronal plasticity in the motor cortex. In vivo calcium imaging demonstrated that the deficiency of CCK signalling disrupted the refinement of population neuronal activity in the motor cortex during motor skill training. Anatomical tracing revealed direct projections from CCK-expressing neurons in the rhinal cortex to the motor cortex. Inactivating the CCK neurons in the rhinal cortex using chemogenetic methods significantly suppressed motor learning, and intraperitoneal application of CCK4, a tetrapeptide CCK agonist, rescued the motor learning deficits of CCK<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In summary, our results suggest that CCK, which could be provided from the rhinal cortex, enables neuroplasticity in the motor cortex leading to motor skill learning.</p>
Hodgkin-Huxley simulation summarizing statistics for mouse motor cortex
<p>Synthetic data set of model paramater vectors and electrophysiological features derived from a Hodgkin-Huxley-based model reproducing electrophysiological data in mouse motor and visual cortex.</p>
Reduced isometric knee extensor force following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex
<p>Background: The goal of this study was to determine if 10-min of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS) to the motor cortex (M1) is capable of modulating quadriceps isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force or fatigue endurance contralateral or ipsilateral to the stimulation site.</p> <p>Results: The main finding of this study was a significant interaction effect for stimulation condition x leg tested x time [F(1,60) =7.156, p = 0.010, ηp2 = 0.11] which revealed significant absolute KE MVC force impairments in the contralateral leg following s-tDCS (p < 0.001, d =1.2) and in the ipsilateral leg following a-tDCS (p < 0.001, d = 1.09). A significant interaction effect for condition x leg tested [F(1,56) = 8.12, p = 0.006, ηp2 = 0.13], showed a significantly lower left quadriceps (ipsilateral to tDCS) relative MVC force with a-tDCS, versus s-tDCS [t(15) = -3.07, p = 0.016, d = -0.77]. There was no significant difference between the relative right quadriceps (contralateral to tDCS) MVC force for a-tDCS and s-tDCS. Although, there was an overall significant [F(1,56) = 8.36, p < 0.001] 12.1% force decrease between the first and twelfth MVC repetitions, there were no significant main or interaction effects for fatigue index force.</p> <p>Conclusion: Hence, a-tDCS may be ineffective at increasing maximal force or endurance and instead may be detrimental to quadriceps force production.</p>
Thalamic input to motor cortex facilitates goal-directed action initiation
<p>Data set for: Takahashi N, Moberg S, Zolnik TA, Catanese J, Sachdev RNS, Larkum ME, Jaeger D (2021) Thalamic input to motor cortex facilitates goal-directed action initiation. <em>Current Biology</em> (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.089">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.089</a>) </p> <p>The file named "Takahashi_Data&Code.zip" is a zipped version of a folder "Takahashi_Data&Code", which contains the data analyzed in the study along with the Matlab code used to generate the published figures. To access the data and the code, first unzip the file. Then add the folder with subfolders to the Matlab path. Before running the code (e.g., "PlotData_Fig1.m"), load the related Matlab data file (e.g., "Data_Pharmacology_Fig1.mat") in Workspace. Each code plots the results used in the corresponding figure.</p>
Cell-type specific responses to associative learning in the primary motor cortex
<p>The primary motor cortex (M1) is known to be a critical site for movement initiation and motor learning. Surprisingly, it has also been shown to possess reward-related activity, presumably to facilitate reward-based learning of new movements. However, whether reward-related signals are represented among different cell types in M1, and whether their response properties change after cue-reward conditioning remains unclear. Here, we performed longitudinal <i>in vivo</i> two-photon Ca<sup>2+</sup> imaging to monitor the activity of different neuronal cell types in M1 while mice engaged in a classical conditioning task. Our results demonstrate that most of the major neuronal cell types in M1 showed robust but differential responses to both cue and reward stimuli, and their response properties undergo cell-type specific modifications after associative learning. PV-INs' responses became more reliable to the cue stimulus, while VIP-INs' responses became more reliable to the reward stimulus. PNs only showed robust response to the novel reward stimulus, and they habituated to it after associative learning. Lastly, SOM-IN responses emerged and became more reliable to both conditioned cue and reward stimuli after conditioning. These observations suggest that cue- and reward-related signals are represented among different neuronal cell types in M1, and the distinct modifications they undergo during associative learning could be essential in triggering different aspects of local circuit reorganization in M1 during reward-based motor skill learning.</p>
Propagating spatio-temporal activity patterns across macaque motor cortex carry kinematic information
<p>Propagating spatio-temporal neural patterns are widely evident across sensory, motor and association cortical areas. However, it remains unclear whether any characteristics of neural propagation carry information about specific behavioral details. Here, we provide the first evidence for a link between the direction of cortical propagation and specific behavioral features of an upcoming movement on a trial-by-trial basis. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) from multi-electrode arrays implanted in the primary motor cortex of two rhesus macaque monkeys while they performed a 2-D reach task. Propagating patterns were extracted from the information-rich high-gamma band (200–400Hz) envelopes in the LFP amplitude. We found that the exact direction of propagating patterns varied systematically according to initial movement direction, enabling kinematic predictions. Furthermore, characteristics of these propagation patterns provided additional predictive capability beyond the LFP amplitude themselves, which suggests the value of including mesoscopic spatio-temporal characteristics in refining brain-machine interfaces.</p>
Motor cortex analogue neurons in songbirds utilize Kv3 subunits to generate ultranarrow spikes
<p>Complex motor skills in vertebrates require specialized upper motor neurons with precise action potential (AP) firing. To examine how diverse populations of upper motor neurons subserve distinct functions and the specific repertoire of ion channels involved, we conducted a thorough study of the excitability of upper motor neurons controlling somatic motor function in the zebra finch. We found that robustus arcopallialis projection neurons (RAPNs), key command neurons for song production, exhibit ultranarrow spikes and higher firing rates compared to neurons controlling non-vocal somatic motor functions (AId neurons). Pharmacological and molecular data indicate that this striking difference is associated with the higher expression in RAPNs of high threshold, fast-activating voltage-gated Kv3 channels likely containing Kv3.1 subunits. The spike waveform and Kv3.1 expression in RAPNs mirror properties of Betz cells, specialized upper motor neurons involved in fine digit control in humans and other primates but absent in rodents. Our study thus provides evidence that songbirds and primates have convergently evolved the use of Kv3.1 to ensure precise, rapid AP firing in upper motor neurons controlling fast and complex motor skills.</p>
Motor Cortex Plasticity and the Effect of Deep Intramuscular Needling Stimulation Therapy (DIMST) in Osteoarthritis Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01855958. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Structurally Reorganizing Motor Cortex in Stroke Patients Through Hebbian-type Stimulation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01569607. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A distributed circuit for associating environmental context to motor choice in retrosplenial cortex
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Motor cortex analogue neurons in songbirds utilize Kv3 subunits to generate ultranarrow spikes
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Cholecystokinin facilitates motor skill learning by modulating neuroplasticity in the motor cortex
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Reduced isometric knee extensor force following anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the ipsilateral motor cortex
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Dendritic calcium signals in rhesus macaque motor cortex drive an optical brain-computer interface
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Inner speech in motor cortex and implications for speech neuroprostheses
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.