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550 results for “mountain range”
Modern aridity in the Altai-Sayan Mountain Range derived from multiple millennial proxies
<p><em>1500-year stable carbon and oxygen isotopes in larch tree-ring cellulose from the Altai-Sayan Mountain Range region </em>(49-51N, 87-89 E)</p> <p><em>Regional summer (June-July-August) precipitation reconstruction for the Altai-Sayan Mountain Range region based on d<sup>13</sup>C in tree-ring cellulose (d<sup>13</sup>C<sub>cell </sub>) combined with Co/Inc and Rb/Sr from Teletskoe Lake core sediments (TLs).</em></p> <p><em>Regional summer air temperature (June-July-August) reconstruction based on d<sup>18</sup>O<sub> </sub>in tree-ring cellulose (d<sup>18</sup>O<sub>cell</sub>), tree-ring width (TRW), latewood density (MXD) and elemental concentrations (Ca, Ti, Br/Sr) in the Teletskoe Lake core sediments (TLs).</em></p>
Data associated with the Tectonics manuscript "Building a Young Mountain Range: Insight into the Growth of the Greater Caucasus Mountains from Detrital Zircon (U-Th)/He Thermochronology and 10Be Erosion Rates"
<p>U-Pb and U-Th/He ages of zircons from a suite of detrital catchments reported in the manuscript "Building a Young Mountain Range: Insight into the Growth of the Greater Caucasus Mountains from Detrital Zircon (U-Th)/He Thermochronology and 10Be Erosion Rates" submitted to Tectonics. Repository includes sample locations and DEMs of each sampled catchment.</p>
A collection of fully-annotated soundscape recordings from the southern Sierra Nevada mountain range
<p>This collection contains 100 soundscape recordings of 10 minutes duration, which have been annotated with 10,296 bounding box labels for 21 different bird species from the Western United States. The data were recorded in 2015 in the southern end of the Sierra Nevada mountain range in California, USA. This collection has been featured as test data in the 2020 BirdCLEF and Kaggle Birdcall Identification competition and can primarily be used for training and evaluation of machine learning algorithms.</p> <p><strong>Data collection</strong></p> <p>The recordings were made in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, two contiguous national parks in the southern Sierra Nevada mountain range in California, USA. The focus of the acoustic study was the high-elevation region of the Parks; specifically, the headwater lake basins above 3,000 km in elevation. The original intent of the study was to monitor seasonal activity of birds and bats at lakes containing trout and lakes without trout, because the cascading impacts of trout on the adjacent terrestrial zone remain poorly understood. Soundscapes were recorded for 24 h continuously at 10 lakes (5 fishless, 5 fish-containing) throughout Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks during June-September 2015. Song Meter SM2+ units (Wildlife Acoustics, USA) powered by custom-made solar panels were used to obviate the need to swap batteries, due to the recording locations being extremely difficult to access. Song Meters continuously recorded mono-channel, 16-bits uncompressed WAVE files at 48 kHz sampling rate. For this collection, recordings were resampled at 32 kHz and converted to FLAC.</p> <p><strong>Sampling and annotation protocol</strong></p> <p>A total of 100 10-minute segments of audio between July 9 and 12, 2015 from morning hours (06:10-09:10 PDT) from all 10 sites were selected at random. Annotators were asked to box every bird call they could recognize, ignoring those that are too faint or unidentifiable. Every sound that could not be confidently assigned an identity was reviewed with 1-2 other experts in bird identification. To minimize observer bias, all identifying information about the location, date and time of the recordings was hidden from the annotator. Raven Pro software was used to annotate the data. Provided labels contain full bird calls that are boxed in time and frequency. In this collection, we use eBird species codes as labels, following the 2021 eBird taxonomy (Clements list). Unidentifiable calls have been marked with “????” and were added as bounding box labels to the ground truth annotations. Parts of this dataset have previously been used in the 2020 BirdCLEF and Kaggle Birdcall Identification competition.</p> <p><strong>Files in this collection</strong></p> <p>Audio recordings can be accessed by downloading and extracting the “soundscape_data.zip” file. Soundscape recording filenames contain a sequential file ID, recording date and timestamp in PDT (UTC-7). As an example, the file “HSN_001_20150708_061805.flac” has sequential ID 001 and was recorded on July 8th 2015 at 06:18:05 PDT. Ground truth annotations are listed in “annotations.csv” where each line specifies the corresponding filename, start and end time in seconds, low and high frequency in Hertz and an eBird species code. These species codes can be assigned to scientific and common name of a species with the “species.csv” file. The approximate recording location with longitude and latitude can be found in the “recording_location.txt” file.</p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements </strong></p> <p>Compiling this extensive dataset was a major undertaking, and we are very thankful to the domain experts who helped to collect and manually annotate the data for this collection (individual contributors in alphabetic order): Anna Calderón, Thomas Hahn, Ruoshi Huang, Angelly Tovar</p>
Range size and local abundance data for angiosperm communities across an elevation gradient, Rocky Mountain Biological Lab, 2021-2022
This dataset contains abundance and range size data for angiosperm communities at three sites in Washington Gulch near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (RMBL, Gothic, Colorado, USA) for 2021 and 2022. RMBL is located in the East River valley of the West Elk mountains, approximately 10 kilometers from Crested Butte, Colorado. Study sites were located at 2815 m (38°53'50"N, 106°58'43"W), 3165 m (38°57'38"N, 107°01'53"W) and 3380 m (38°58'10"N, 107°01'53"W) in elevation, and contained five 1.2 m x 1.2 m plots each. We identified all vascular plants to species level. Each plot was sampled once per year near the peak of the growing season (approximately mid-July, depending on the year and elevation). In each plot, we counted all individuals of every species. To quantify abundance, we averaged local abundance across all five plots at each site and the two data collection years, and then ranked species by averaged abundance within each site (highest to lowest). We calculated range size as Extent of Occurrence (EOO) and Area of Occupancy (AOO). We calculated AOO and EOO with GBIF data using the ‘red’ package. We then ranked species by AOO within each site (largest to smallest).
Mammalian herbivores restrict the altitudinal range limits of three alpine grass species (transplant and herbivore exclusion experiment and demographic data from natural populations), West Elk Mountains, Colorado, USA 2015-2018
Though rarely experimentally tested, biotic interactions have long been hypothesized to limit low-elevation range boundaries of species. We tested the effects of herbivory on three alpine-restricted plant species by transplanting plants below (novel), at the edge (limit), or in the center (core) of their current elevational range and factorially fencing-out above- and belowground mammals in the West Elk Mountains, Colorado, USA from 2015-2018. Herbivore damage was greater in range limit and novel habitats than in range cores. Exclosures increased plant biomass and reproduction more in novel habitats than in range cores, suggesting demographic costs of novel interactions with herbivores. We then used demographic models to project population growth rates, which increased 5-20% more under herbivore exclosure at range limit and novel sites than in core habitats. Our results identify mammalian herbivores as key drivers of the low-elevation range limits of alpine plants and indicate that upward encroachment of herbivores could trigger local extinctions by depressing plant population growth.
Figure 2. Summer core area delineation. The straight line with a in Demographic characteristics, seasonal range and habitat topography of Balkan chamois population in its southernmost limit of its distribution (Giona mountain, Greece)
Figure 2. Summer core area delineation. The straight line with a slope of –1 represents the random use of space within the population seasonal range. The curve that sags below the line of random use represents the clumped use of space. The summer core area can be defined at the point whose tangent has slope –1, e.g. 85%, that is, whose tangent is parallel to the line of random use. This is also the point of the curve that is furthest from the line of random use.
Automated vegetation cover estimation from close-range photogrammetric point clouds in mountain terrain for comparison of vegetation location properties - Dataset
<p>Vegetation cover data of the used plots, showing values for manually digitized, in-situ, and photogrammetric methods.</p>
Data from: Biotic interactions help explain variation in elevational range limits of birds among Bornean mountains
Aim <p>Physiological tolerances and biotic interactions along habitat gradients are thought to influence species occurrence. Distributional differences caused by such forces are particularly noticeable on tropical mountains, where high species turnover along elevational gradients occurs over relatively short distances and elevational distributions of particular species can shift among mountains. Such shifts are interpreted as evidence of the importance of spatial variation in interspecific competition and habitat or climatic gradients. To assess the relative importance of competition and compression of habitat and climatic zones in setting range limits, we examined differences in elevational ranges of forest bird species among four Bornean mountains with distinct features.</p> Location <p>Bornean mountains Kinabalu, Mulu, Pueh and Topap Oso.</p> Taxon <p>Rain forest bird communities along elevational gradients.</p> Methods <p>We surveyed the elevational ranges of rain forest birds on four mountains in Borneo to test which environmental variables—habitat zone compression or presence of likely competitors—best predicted differences in elevational ranges of species among mountains. For this purpose, we used two complementary tests: a comparison of elevational range limits between pairs of mountains, and linear mixed models with naïve occupancy as the response variable.</p> Results <p>We found that lowland species occur higher in elevation on two small mountains compared to Mt. Mulu. This result is inconsistent with the expectation that distributions of habitats are elevationally compressed on small mountains, but is consistent with the hypothesis that a reduction in competition (likely diffuse) on short mountains, which largely lack montane specialist species, allows lowland species to occur higher in elevation. The relative influence of competition changes with elevation, and the correlation between lower range limits of montane species and the distribution of their competitors was weaker than in lowland species.</p> Main conclusions <p>These findings provide support for the importance of biotic interactions in setting elevational range limits of tropical bird species, although abiotic gradients explain the majority of distribution patterns. Thus, models predicting range shifts under climate change scenarios must include not only climatic variables, as is currently most common, but also information on potentially resulting changes in species interactions, especially for lowland species.</p>
Fig. 7. Dordrecht Mountain, where a in Neoclita pringlei (Scarabaeidae, Cetoniinae), a new relict genus and species from the Drakensberg Range of South Africa
Fig. 7. Dordrecht Mountain, where a second population of Neoclita pringlei gen. et sp. nov. was Frst recorded in Dec. 2013 (photo: Lynette Clennell, Dordrecht, 31 Dec. 2015).
Рис. 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, этикетки и генитаΛии самца. 5 – этикетки гоΛотипа; 6 – этикетки паратипа; 7 – энΔофаΛΛус, виΔ сΛева (экземпΛяр из Рахмановского Λесничества, Казахстан); 8–9 – меΔиаΛьная ΔоΛя эΔеагуса (экземпΛяр с Курчумского хребта, Казахстан): 8 – виΔ сΛева, 9 – виΔ сверху; 10 – правая парамера, виΔ сбоку (этот же экземпΛяр). Figs 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, labels and male genitalia. 5 – labels of the holotype; 6 – labels of the paratype; 7 – endophallus, left view (specimen from the Rakhmanovskoe Forestry, Kazakhstan); 8–9 – median lobe of aedeagus (specimen from the Kurchum Mountain Range, Kazakhstan): 8 – left view, 9 – dorsal view; 10 – right paramere, lateral view (the same specimen). in To the systematic position of Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides (Straneo, 1937) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from the Altai Mountains
Рис. 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, этикетки и генитаΛии самца. 5 – этикетки гоΛотипа; 6 – этикетки паратипа; 7 – энΔофаΛΛус, виΔ сΛева (экземпΛяр из Рахмановского Λесничества, Казахстан); 8–9 – меΔиаΛьная ΔоΛя эΔеагуса (экземпΛяр с Курчумского хребта, Казахстан): 8 – виΔ сΛева, 9 – виΔ сверху; 10 – правая парамера, виΔ сбоку (этот же экземпΛяр). Figs 5–10. Pterostichus (Petrophilus) magoides, labels and male genitalia. 5 – labels of the holotype; 6 – labels of the paratype; 7 – endophallus, left view (specimen from the Rakhmanovskoe Forestry, Kazakhstan); 8–9 – median lobe of aedeagus (specimen from the Kurchum Mountain Range, Kazakhstan): 8 – left view, 9 – dorsal view; 10 – right paramere, lateral view (the same specimen).
Characterization and morphometry of prone and affected watersheds by hydro-geomorphological processes in the Serra do Mar Mountain Range, southeastern Brazil: foundation for planning and mitigation actions.
<p>Data: shapefile, tables, and kmz files. </p> <ol> <li>SHAPEFILES</li> </ol> <p>- Dataset with watersheds mapped in the Serra do Mar Paulista Region in the follow cities:</p> <ul> <li>Ubatuba (Abbvr. WU)</li> <li>Caraguatatuba (Abbvr. WC)</li> <li>São Sebastião (Abbvr. WSS)</li> <li>Bertioga (Abbvr. WB)</li> <li>Santos (Abbvr. WS)</li> <li>Praia Grande (Abbvr. WPG)</li> <li>Cubatão (Abbvr. WCUB)</li> <li>São Vicente (Abbvr. WSV)</li> <li>Itanhaém (Abbvr. WITA)</li> <li>Peruíbe (Abbvr. WPERU)</li> <li>Iguape (Abbvr. WIGUA)</li> <li>Itariri (Abbvr. WITR)</li> <li>Pedro de Toledo (Abbvr. WPDT)</li> <li>Iporanga (Abbvr. WIPORA)</li> <li>Apiaí (Abbvr. WAPI)</li> <li>Itaoca Abbvr. WITAO)</li> </ul> <p>- Each shapefile contain information about altitude (min., max, and mean), area (km²), and length (km). </p> <p>- Debris-flow Inventory shapefile.</p> <p> 2. TABLES</p> <ul> <li>Tables for the watersheds mapped in each cities also contain information about the morphometric parameters (melton ratio, basin relief, and relief ratio).</li> <li>Debris-flow inventory information. </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Seasonal orographic effect of North American Mountain Range at different levels and its remote control on tropical climate
<p><a name="OLE_LINK36"></a><a name="OLE_LINK37"></a><a name="OLE_LINK81"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><span><span><span><span>Orography significantly influences global climate patterns. </span></span></span></span><a name="OLE_LINK32"></a><a name="OLE_LINK33"></a><span><span><span><span><span><span>Previous studies show the North American Mountain Range (NAMR) impacts regional climates seasonally but have not thoroughly illustrated the seasonally different atmospheric responses in the lower and upper troposphere, respectively. </span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span>Using the Community Earth System Model version 1.2 with a slab ocean configuration, we investigate the NAMR’s seasonal impacts by simulating scenarios with and without the mountain range. Our findings reveal that the NAMR induces contrasting responses in sea surface temperature (SST) and precipitation off California in different seasons, indicating different underlying mechanisms. Through analysis of large-scale circulation and local energy budgets, we find that in summer, the NAMR reinforces the North Pacific High causing SST cooling and drying off California. This cooling propagates to the equatorial Pacific via anomalous northeasterlies, influencing the Intertropical Convergence Zone and initiating a climatic signal through the Pacific Meridional Mode, which crosses the equator and affects Southern Hemisphere temperatures. In winter, the NAMR reduces wind speed and evaporation, leading to SST warming off California, amplified by SST-cloud feedback. In the upper troposphere, we observe seasonal shifts in jet stream patterns: during winter, a weakened, equatorward-shifted jet over the Pacific and a strengthened, poleward-shifted branch over the Atlantic; in summer, the jet stream intensifies over and downstream of the mountains while weakening upstream. Our research highlights distinct seasonal mechanisms by which the NAMR influence climate patterns, linking mid-latitude climate variations to equatorial, cross-hemispheric and global changes.</span></span></span></span></span></p>
Fig. 2 in Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar IV: A new Rinorea Aubl. (Violaceae) of restricted range from the Galoko and Kalabinono massifs
Fig. 2. – Distribution map of Rinorea callmanderi Wahlert (stars) in Madagascar plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey)
Fig. 2 in Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar IV: A new Rinorea Aubl. (Violaceae) of restricted range from the Galoko and Kalabinono massifs
Fig. 2. – Distribution map of Rinorea callmanderi Wahlert (stars) in Madagascar plotted on a map of forest cover in 2000 (grey) following HARPER et al. (2007). Areas outlined in black are protected areas.
Fig. 1. – Rinorea callmanderi Wahlert. A in Novelties from the Northern Mountains Complex of Madagascar IV: A new Rinorea Aubl. (Violaceae) of restricted range from the Galoko and Kalabinono massifs
Fig. 1. – Rinorea callmanderi Wahlert. A. Inflorescence; B. Flowering branch; C. Flower; D. Leaf, abaxial surface. [Callmander 582, G] [Drawing: R. L. Andriamiarisoa
Fig. 4. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 in An integrative redescription of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the terra typica in Taunus Mountain Range (Europe; Germany)
Fig. 4. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902, ♀. A*. Leg I outer cuticle with clearly visible stripes of tiny and regular granulation: a thin frontal stripe on the upper part of the leg (empty arrow), a wide stripe in the central part of the leg covering frontal and lateral side of the leg (empty arrowhead) and the most distal, thin stripe above claws on the ventral side of the leg (filled indented arrowhead) (PCM). B. Spine on leg I (arrowhead) (PCM). C. Spine on leg I (arrowhead) and thin frontal stripe on the upper part of the leg (empty arrow) (SEM). D*. Claws IV with dentate collar and finger-like papilla (filled arrow) (PCM). E. Vlaws IV with dentate collar and finger-like papilla (filled arrow); empty arrow indicates thin frontal stripe on the upper part of the leg (SEM). F. Claws of the II leg (PCM). * = manually assembled deep-focus image. Scale bars in micrometres (μm).
Fig. 3. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 in An integrative redescription of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the terra typica in Taunus Mountain Range (Europe; Germany)
Fig. 3. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902, ♀. A. Two ventral plates below the head, arrowheads (PCM). B. Two ventral rounded plates on the lateral sides of the gonopore, arrows (PCM). C. Lateral view of the entire animal; arrowheads indicate plates below the head; arrows indicate plates on the lateral sided of the gonopore; asterisk indicates gonopore (SEM). D. Ventral sculpture visible in PCM. Scale bars in micrometres (μm).
Fig. 1. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 in An integrative redescription of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the terra typica in Taunus Mountain Range (Europe; Germany)
Fig. 1. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902, ♀, habitus. A*–B. Dorsal view of the entire animal with typical chaetotaxy A-B-C-Cd-D-Dd-E (PCM and SEM, respectively). C. Lateral view; arrowhead indicates additional plate divided from the lateral margin of the scapular plate (SEM).D. Head and scapular plates and head appendages visible in SEM; empty arrow indicates external cirri, filled arrow indicates internal cirri, indented arrowhead indicates cephalic papillae, empty arrowhead indicates appendage A and filled arrowhead indicates clava. E. Lateral view of head and scapular plates; arrowhead indicates additional plate divided from the lateral margin of scapular plate (PCM). * = manually assembled deepfocus image. Scale bars in micrometres (μm).
Fig. 5. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 in An integrative redescription of Echiniscus quadrispinosus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902 (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscidae) from the terra typica in Taunus Mountain Range (Europe; Germany)
Fig. 5. Echiniscus quadrispinosus Richters, 1902, ♂. A*. Dorsal view of the entire animal with appendages B absent on both sides (chaetotaxy: A-C-Cd-D-Dd-E). B*. Two ventral rounded plates on the lateral sides of the gonopore (arrows); asterisk indicates gonopore. C–D. Lateral view of male with appendage B present only on one side of the body (chaetotaxy: A-B-C-Cd-D-Dd-E); arrowhead indicates presence and lack of appendage B. * = manually assembled deep-focus image. All PCM. Scale bars in micrometres (μm).
What weather variables are important for wet and slab avalanches under a changing climate in low altitude mountain range in Czechia?
<p>datasets and scripts for Avalanche paper figures and<br> avalanche path characteristics: Avalanche_paths_souckova.xlsx<br> </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.