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13 results for “mutual invasibility”
Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?
1. Impacts of invasive species may change in magnitude and even direction with invasion age. Impacts could increase as the population increases, individuals grow in size, and ecological changes accumulate. 2. We used a chronosequence approach to characterize the development of soil impacts over time following the invasion of Cytisus scoparius, a widespread nitrogen-fixing shrub thought to limit reforestation success. In a greenhouse experiment, we evaluated how abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi, Douglas-fir performance, and leaf nitrogen changed across a 3-31 year chronosequence of invasion. Each of the chronosequence sites were clearcuts where reforestation efforts were unsuccessful and where C. scoparius invaded. To estimate the contributions of the invasion separately from contributions of the accompanying disturbance, i.e. deforestation, we included soils from both invaded and uninvaded patches in each site of the chronosequence. In a complementary soil conditioning experiment, we examined the separate effects of host absence and invader presence on the mycorrhizal mutualism, leaf nitrogen, and seedling growth. 3. Ectomycorrhizal colonization was lower in invaded soil, but this effect did not intensify with time. Despite the suppression of the mutualism, Douglas-fir grew larger in invaded soils. This positive response is likely due to nitrogen fertilization, a conclusion supported by higher concentrations of leaf nitrogen of Douglas-fir grown in invaded soils. While leaf N concentration increased with invasion duration, Douglas-fir survival and growth did not. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that soil impacts of an invader can develop rapidly and can be surprisingly stable over time. In such systems, recently invaded areas may be as difficult to restore as long invaded areas, especially where ectomycorrhizal fungi are important drivers of reforestation success. More chronosequence studies or long time series are needed to evaluate whether this is a general pattern.
Dataset of "Interclonal mutually beneficial cooperation mediated by TGF-β1 enhances invasion of breast cancer cells"
<p>Original pictures from Figures 1A and 1B.</p> <p>Dataset from Figure 2-6 with data analysis (including Wound Healing assay, Transwell migration and invasion assay) on MCF7, MDA and H2122 AS cell lines</p>
Data from: Mutualism between co-introduced species facilitates invasion and alters plant community structure
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Data from: Do impacts of an invasive nitrogen-fixing shrub on Douglas-fir and its ectomycorrhizal mutualism change over time following invasion?
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Data from: Dual drivers of plant invasions: Enemy release and enhanced mutualisms
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Data from: Heterogeneity in plant-soil feedbacks and resident population dynamics affect mutual invasibility
1. Understanding the mechanisms governing coexistence is a central goal in ecology and has implications for conserving and restoring communities, yet the high diversity in many plant communities is difficult to explain. Theory suggests that plant-soil feedbacks (PSF) can lead to frequency-dependent coexistence by suppressing conspecifics more than heterospecifics, potentially helping to explain high-diversity plant communities. In addition, species-specific population dynamics, including the rate at which individuals are replaced in a population, or population turnover rate, may influence coexistence outcomes. 2. We have created a rigorous test of the coexistence predictions of theory by generating a soil heterogeneity experiment in the field and testing for mutual invasibility by establishing resident populations, then experimentally invading them. Experimental tests of mutual invasibility can demonstrate coexistence because, if species are able to invade one another's populations when at low density, they should exhibit long-term coexistence. We use pairs of congeners in this experiment that coexist at small spatial scales, sometimes within cm, at our field site. 3. We demonstrate that invader individuals established better in congener's soils than in conspecific soils, consistent with plant-soil feedback mediated coexistence. This effect was often mediated by competition with established resident plants. 4. Further, we show that soil heterogeneity interacted with the population turnover rate of the resident population to influence invasibility (P < 0.10), consistent with the theoretical prediction that a plant's population dynamics will interact with heterogeneity to influence coexistence. 5. Synthesis - Plant-soil feedbacks can in theory lead to frequency-dependent coexistence, and reciprocally negative feedback effects in greenhouse experiments are often consistent with this prediction. We provide the first field test of mutual invasibility structured by PSF, demonstrating that PSF can lead to coexistence when they create a patchy, or heterogeneous, soil environment. This work suggests that understanding the influence of PSF on diversity necessitates understanding the spatial scale at which soil heterogeneity emerges in the field. Thus high diversity might be maintained in plant communities by heterogeneity created by plants' influence on the soil, and this outcome depends strongly on population dynamics.
Data from: Heterogeneity in plant-soil feedbacks and resident population dynamics affect mutual invasibility
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Decreased coevolutionary potential and increased symbiont fecundity during the biological invasion of a legume-rhizobium mutualism
<p>Although most invasive species engage in mutualism, we know little about how mutualism evolves as partners colonize novel environments. Selection on cooperation and standing genetic variation for mutualism traits may differ between a mutualism's invaded and native ranges, which could alter cooperation and coevolutionary dynamics. To test for such differences, we compare mutualism traits between invaded- and native-range host-symbiont genotype combinations of the weedy legume, <i>Medicago polymorpha,</i> and its nitrogen-fixing rhizobium symbiont, <i>Ensifer medicae</i>, which have co-invaded North America. We find that mutualism benefits for plants are indistinguishable between invaded- and native-range symbioses. However, rhizobia gain greater fitness from invaded-range mutualisms than from native-range mutualisms, and this enhancement of symbiont fecundity could increase the mutualism's spread by increasing symbiont availability during plant colonization. Furthermore, mutualism traits in invaded-range symbioses show lower genetic variance and a simpler partitioning of genetic variance between host and symbiont sources, compared to native-range symbioses. This suggests that biological invasion has reduced mutualists' potential to respond to coevolutionary selection. Additionally, rhizobia bearing a locus (<i>hrrP</i>) that can enhance symbiotic fitness have more exploitative phenotypes in invaded-range than in native-range symbioses. These findings highlight the impacts of biological invasion on the evolution of mutualistic interactions.</p>
Data from: Invasive mutualisms between a plant pathogen and insect vectors in the Middle East and Brazil
Complex multi-trophic interactions in vectorborne diseases limit our understanding and ability to predict outbreaks. Arthropod-vectored pathogens are especially problematic, with the potential for novel interspecific interactions during invasions. Variations and novelties in plant–arthropod–pathogen triumvirates present significant threats to global food security. We examined aspects of a phytoplasma pathogen of citrus across two continents. 'Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia' causes Witches' Broom Disease of Lime (WBDL) and has devastated citrus production in the Middle East. A variant of this phytoplasma currently displays asymptomatic or 'silent' infections in Brazil. We first studied vector capacity and fitness impacts of the pathogen on its vectors. The potential for co-occurring weed species to act as pathogen reservoirs was analysed and key transmission periods in the year were also studied. We demonstrate that two invasive hemipteran insects—Diaphorina citri and Hishimonus phycitis—can vector the phytoplasma. Feeding on phytoplasma-infected hosts greatly increased reproduction of its invasive vector D. citri both in Oman and Brazil; suggesting that increased fitness of invasive insect vectors thereby further increases the pathogen's capacity to spread. Based on our findings, this is a robust system for studying the effects of invasions on vectorborne diseases and highlights concerns about its spread to warmer, drier regions of Brazil.
Enhanced mutualisms: a promotion effect driven by bacteria in early invasion of Phytolacca americana L
<p>Enhanced mutualism hypothesis considers that invasive plants promote self-growth by enriching beneficial microbial to establish positive soil feedback. However, the roles of soil microorganisms may vary with increasing time of plant growth. Here, we present results of a two-stage experiment conducted in field and greenhouse to explore the soil feedback changes with the duration growth using invasive plant <em>Phytolacca americana</em> L., as a model. Three <em>P. americana</em> individuals of varying ages were chosen based on the number of growth rings in the underground main root. We determined the effects of different growth age of <em>P. americana</em> on soil microbial community and physicochemical properties and performed a soil inoculation experiment to quantify the influence of microbial community structure on seed germination and seedling performance of <em>P. americana</em>, in the different growth age treatments. Increasing <em>P. americana</em> growth age altered soil properties, with significant reductions in total nitrogen (N), total phosphorus (P), nitrate-N, and ammonium-N. However increasing <em>P. americana</em> growth age reduced nitrogen availability in the soil; increased available potassium and available P concentrations in soil were observed in Age5 and in all growth ages, respectively. Increasing growth age influenced the soil microbial community structure, with substantial changes in the relative abundance of bacteria, including that of a few relevant to nutrient cycling; however, there was no significant change in the relative abundance of fungi. Soil inoculation experiments corroborated the change in soil microbial community structure caused by <em>P. americana</em> growth promoted self seed germination and biomass accumulation, which further intensified its invasion. We conclude that the early growth stages of invasive plants could promotes their growth and detailedly explained its mechanism by enrich plant growth-promoting bacteria in soil, establishing a positive nutrient cycle. When making control of invasive plants, the early detection and management should been attach importance to it.</p>
Data from: Invasive mutualisms between a plant pathogen and insect vectors in the Middle East and Brazil
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Decreased coevolutionary potential and increased symbiont fecundity during the biological invasion of a legume-rhizobium mutualism
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Enhanced mutualisms: a promotion effect driven by bacteria in early invasion of Phytolacca americana L
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