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Fig. 8 in Foraging behavior interactions between the invasive Nile Tilapia (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) and three large native predators
Fig. 8. Activity (inactive, swimming and avoidance) by the Nile Tilapia (mean ± SD) in the tanks with Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (white circles), Salminus brasiliensis (white squares) and Brycon orbignyanus (black triangles), for 0%, 50%, 100% and RD treatments. The three-way ANOVA for these data suggested interaction (P =0.029) among species, structural complexity and activity. The avoidance activity was not observed.
Managing multiple threats: Evaluating the efficacy of broad-scale introduced predator management in improving native mammal resilience to fire
<p>Preventing further biodiversity loss requires understanding which processes threaten biodiversity and the effectiveness of management actions in mitigating them. Threatening processes can interact in complex and unexpected ways, but different threats are often managed independently. Here, we develop a conceptual model to identify the conditions needed for management of a single threat to achieve a net conservation benefit in systems with multiple interacting threats, and demonstrate its relevance in a replicated case-study experiment. In Australia, introduced red foxes (<em>Vulpes vulpes</em>) and feral cats (<em>Felis catus</em>) may hunt vulnerable native mammals more effectively after fire, due to loss of understory vegetation. However, the efficacy of broad-scale control of introduced predators in improving native mammal resilience to fire has not been quantified. Moreover, many studies assessing the impacts of prescribed fire on species rely on a much smaller number of independent replicates. Using a natural before-after control-impact experiment with 14 prescribed fires, each > 200 ha, we tested whether existing landscape-scale fox baiting programs influenced the immediate effects of prescribed fire on these two introduced predators and five medium-sized native mammals, including the threatened long-nosed potoroo (<em>Potorous tridactylus</em>) and southern brown bandicoot (<em>Isoodon obesulus</em>). Fox occupancy increased across both treatments post-fire, but baiting reduced the magnitude of increase. In contrast, mean feral cat occupancy remained constant in unbaited areas post-fire, but nearly doubled in fox-controlled areas, possibly due to a mesopredator release. Existing landscape-scale fox control programs did not clearly improve the short-term resilience of native mammals to prescribed fire (at least under the current fire and fox management regimes in our study landscapes). These results likely emphasise the need to integrate fire and predator management strategies for threatened faunal conservation iIn the presence of acute disturbances such as fire, threatened native mammals may require more intensive and integrated management of fire and introduced predators, such as (e.g., through more intensive targeted predator controlbaiting around fire events, or intensive protection usingthrough natural or artificial refuges).</p>
Data from: Pop‐off data storage tags reveal niche partitioning between native and non‐native predators in a novel ecosystem
1. Niche partitioning might be predicted to be particularly dynamic in 'novel ecosystems' characterized by human-altered environmental conditions and biological invasions. Restoration efforts for native species in such systems can be informed by detailed characterization of niche partitioning. 2. In Lake Ontario, fishery management agencies have been engaged in a long-term struggle to restore native top predators including lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). Meanwhile, management agencies continue to stock non-native species like Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) into the lake to support a recreational fishery and to help control the abundance of a non-native forage fish, the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). 3. We used pop-off data storage tags to study fine scale (9.1M lines of data from 22 animals) behaviour and habitat use by lake trout (native) and Chinook salmon (non-native) in Lake Ontario in terms of depth and temperature, recorded at ≤70 s intervals for periods of up to 12 months. 4. Chinook salmon occupied warmer and shallower waters during summer than did lake trout, and their niche breadth was wider. They achieved greater niche breadth in part because they were much more active vertically, cumulatively traveling 103±1 m hour-1 during summer (model-estimated median), whereas most lake trout were relatively inactive vertically (7±1 m hour-1). In each of our analyses, there was more inter-individual variation among lake trout than among Chinook salmon, driven by some lake trout that spent considerable time making forays into warmer, shallower waters. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our results illustrate the different foraging tactics used by two species in the Great Lakes and reflect their distinct life histories. Vertical and thermal niche partitioning between Chinook salmon and lake trout helps to explain how these species can co-exist in a multi-species fishery even while having substantial overlap in diet. The diversity of behaviours exhibited here by native lake trout have likely helped them persist during dramatic changes to the forage base in recent decades; that flexibility could help underlie their long-term prospects for restoration during future changes to the ecosystem.
Fig. 3 in Native anuran species as prey of invasive American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in Brazil: a review with new predation records
Fig. 3. Spatial distribution of Lithobates catesbeianus invasive populations and predation reports of native anurans in Brazil. White circles: American Bullfrog populations in Brazil (Both et al. 2011; Instituto Horus 2016); yellow stars: predation reports of adult Boana raniceps and adult Phyllomedusa distincta in southern and southeastern Brazil; light green circles: locations of 41 published predation records.
Fig. 2 in Native anuran species as prey of invasive American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in Brazil: a review with new predation records
Fig. 2. (A) Predation of an adult Phyllomedusa distincta by Lithobates catesbeianus, (B) Adult P. distincta partially digested, removed from the oral cavity of L. catesbeianus.
Fig. 1 in Native anuran species as prey of invasive American Bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus, in Brazil: a review with new predation records
Fig. 1. Adult Lithobates catesbeianus swallowing an adult Boana raniceps in an artificial permanent pond within pasture area in southern Brazil.
FIGURE 4 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 4 | Temporal decay of taxonomic and functional similarity (Bray Curtis, biomass-based) during the study period, calculated as the composition similarity of the Pre period against each Post period.
FIGURE 6 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 6 | Correlations between species richness and the intensity of ecosystem functions performed by fish populations. The significance of correlations was tested through Spearman's non-parametric correlation. Ecosystem functions: A. Energy Source; B. Habitat; C. Regional Flow (migration); D. Regional Flow (local); E. Plant Disperser; F. Engineering; G. Services.
FIGURE 5 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 5 | Correlations between species richness and (A) total biomass and (B) number of ecosystem functions performed by fish populations. The significance of correlations was tested through Spearman's non-parametric correlation.
FIGURE 3 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 3 | Ecosystem functions generated by fish populations associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error. Ecosystem functions: A. Energy Source; B. Habitat; C. Regional Flow (migration); D. Regional Flow (local); E. Plant Disperser; F. Engineering; G. Services.
FIGURE 1 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 1 | Species richness (A) and total biomass (B) in fish assemblages associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error.
FIGURE 2 in Changes in ecosystem functions generated by fish populations after the introduction of a non-native predator (Cichla kelberi) (Perciformes: Cichlidae)
FIGURE 2 | Biomass of the most abundant fish species associated with macrophyte beds in Rosana Reservoir, before (Pre) and after (Post 1 to 5) the introduction of Cichla kelberi. Mean ± standard error. A. Hemigrammus marginatus, Metynnis lippincottianus, Roeboides descalvadensis; B. Serrasalmus marginatus, Serrapinnus notomelas, Satanoperca pappaterra; C. Cichla kelberi, Eigenmannia trilineata, and Hyphessobrycon eques.
Quantifying the diets of a non-native and native predator during juvenile salmon out-migrations in the Columbia River
<p>This is the clean and raw data files needed to replicate the analysis for our paper. The data contains carbon and nitrogen stable isotope data from several species of fish collected in the upper John Day Reservoir in Washington State in 2012. The data contains stable isotope signatures from predatory Walleye and Northern Pikeminnow, as well as potential prey species. A spreadsheet with descriptions of the column names is included. </p> <p>All of the code and analysis can be found at Karl Veggerby's Github: https://github.com/veggerk/Columbia-River-predatory-fish-study</p>
Figure 1 in Asymmetric intraguild predation of Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on a native Coccinellidae guild
Figure 1 Egg predation response ratio (mean ± se) estimates of 4th instar larvae (L4) and adults showing the predation rates difference between groups with and without an extra food source. Values below one mean that predation rates are higher when an extra food source is absent.
Dataset for: Native versus invasive nest predators in Iceland
<p>Common eider <em>(Somateria mollissima)</em> nest counts in Breiðafjörður Bay in West Iceland in the two archipelagos Brokey (95 islands over 123 years) and Purkey (39 islands over 27 years) along with size information on islands and their distance from mainland. Information on presence/absence of invasive American mink <em>(Neogale vison)</em> and native arctic fox <em>(Vulpes lagopus)</em> as well as the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation index (AMO) is provided, too.</p>
Dataset for: Native versus invasive nest predators in Iceland
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Data from: Pop‐off data storage tags reveal niche partitioning between native and non‐native predators in a novel ecosystem
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Limited migration from physiological refugia constrains the rescue of native gastropods facing an invasive predator
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Data from: Fox control and fire influence the occurrence of invasive predators and threatened native prey
<p>It can be challenging to distinguish management impacts from other population drivers, including 'natural' processes and co-occurring threats. However, disentangling processes is important, particularly when management may have unintended consequences, such as mesopredator release. We explored the effects of long-term, broadscale poison-baiting programs on the distribution of red foxes <em>Vulpes vulpes</em> (targeted invasive predator), feral cats <em>Felis catus</em> (unmanaged invasive competitor) and two of their threatened native prey in two fire-affected regions of south-eastern Australia. We synthesised data from 3,667 camera-trap deployments at 1,232 sites (172,052 trap-nights), combining experimental manipulation of foxes and fire with space-for-time approaches. Fox control effectiveness––in terms of decreased probability of fox occurrence and increased probability of prey occurrence––depended on the duration and intensity of the poison-baiting program. The effects of fox control on prey occurrence also varied between the two native prey species: fox control was strongly beneficial to the long-nosed potoroo <em>Potorous tridactylus</em> but had no measurable effect on southern brown bandicoot <em>Isoodon obesulus</em> occurrence. Feral cat occupancy tended to be higher in landscapes with long-term fox control, although we found no effect of fox-bait density on fine-scale cat occurrence. Time since fire (0–80 years) was associated with the occurrence of each study species, but its association with invasive predators also differed among vegetation types. Invasive predators and altered fire regimes are key, often overlapping, biodiversity threats. Our work highlights the importance of fine-scale monitoring and consideration of multiple drivers in distribution models to develop effective, tailored conservation strategies.</p>
Can native predators be used as a stepping stone to reduce prey naivety to novel predators?
<p>Predator naivety negatively affects reintroduction success and this threat is exacerbated when prey encounters predators with which they have had no evolutionary experience. While methods have been developed to inculcate fear into such predator-naïve individuals, none have been uniformly successful. Exposing ontogenetically- and evolutionary-naïve individuals firstly to native predators may be an effective stepping stone to improved responses to evolutionarily novel predators. We focused on greater bilbies (Macrotis lagotis) and capitalised on a multi-year mammalian recovery experiment whereby western quolls (Dasyurus geoffroii) were reintroduced into parts of a large fenced reserve that contained a population of naïve bilbies. We quantified a suite of antipredator behaviours and measures of general wariness across quoll-exposed and quoll-naive bilby populations. We then translocated both quoll-exposed and quoll-naïve individuals into a large enclosure that contained feral cats (Felis catus) and monitored several behaviours. We found that bilbies can respond appropriately to quolls but found only limited support that experience with quolls better prepared bilbies to respond to cats. Both populations of bilbies rapidly modified their behaviour in a similar manner following their reintroduction to a novel environment. These results may have emerged due to insufficient prior exposure to quolls, inappropriate behavioural tests or insufficient predation risk during cat exposure. Alternatively, quolls and cats are only distantly related and may not share sufficient similarities in their predatory cues or behaviour to support such a learning transfer. Testing this stepping stone hypothesis with more closely-related predator species and under higher predation risk would be informative.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.