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222 results for “nectar”
Proline and β-alanine influence bumblebee nectar consumption without affecting survival
<p>These files (.txt) contain the dataset used for analyses of bumblebee aminoacid consumption and survival in the article "Proline and β-alanine influence bumblebee nectar consumption without affecting survival" by Bogo G. et al., accepted for publication in Apidologie (2024, xx:xxx-xxx, DOI: xxx).</p>
Data from: Genetic admixture increases phenotypic diversity in the nectar yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii,
<p>Raw data and supplementary files for the manuscript "Genetic admixture increases phenotypic diversity in the nectar yeast <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em>."</p> <p>-------------------</p> <p><strong>Table S5.xlsx </strong>-- Pairwise correlations between phenotypic traits of <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em>.</p> <p><strong>Table S6.xlsx</strong> -- Detailed results obtained in tests of phylogenetic signal for different phenotypic traits and indices of overall performance of <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em>.</p> <p><strong>Table S7.xlsx</strong> -- Detailed model fitting results obtained for phenotypic traits and indices of overall performance of <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em>.</p> <p><strong>mronlyvcf-renamed.vcf</strong> -- High coverage SNPs obtained from whole genome mapping of 73 <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em> strains to diploid reference (mean coverage = 47.9×, range 23 – 116×).</p> <p><strong>MR_phenotypes.xlsx</strong> -- Phenotypic data obtained for 73 <em>Metschnikowia reukaufii</em> strains.</p>
Phenology and production of pollen, nectar and sugar in 1612 plant species from various environments
<p>This dataset is related to the data paper published in Ecology: Filipiak et al, in press, <em>Phenology and production of pollen, nectar and sugar in 1612 plant species from various environments</em>; doi: to be provided when available. This paper must be always properly cited when using the database. Please use any scientific full citation format. <br> <br> <strong>Abstract</strong><br> To predict the quantity and quality of the food available for pollinators in various landscapes over time, it is necessary to collect detailed data on pollen, nectar, and sugar production per unit area and the flowering phenology of plants. Similar data are needed to estimate the contribution of plants to the functioning of food webs via the flow of energy and nutrients through the soil-plant-nectar/pollen-consumer pathway. Current knowledge on this topic is fragmented. This is the first database to compile data on the various food resources produced by 1612 different plant species, belonging to 755 genera and 133 families, including crops and wild plants, annuals and perennials, animal- and wind-pollinated plants, and weeds and trees growing in different ecosystems under various environmental conditions. The dataset consists of 103 parameters related to the traits of plant species, as well as to geographical and environmental factors, allowing for precise calculations of nectar, pollen and energy provided by plants and available to consumers in the considered flora or ecosystem on a daily basis throughout the year. These parameters, gathered by us and extracted from the available literature, describe pollen, nectar and sugar production (where applicable, in mass, volume and concentration units), honey yield, the timing and duration of flowering, flower longevity, numbers of plants and flowers per unit area, related weather conditions (temperature and precipitation), geographical location, landscape, and syntaxonomy. The data were obtained from various, mostly European, pedoclimatic zones, and the majority of the data were available for plant species and communities present in Central Europe, especially in Poland, where research on floral resources has a long tradition. These data are representative of the whole continent and may be used as a reference for plant communities occurring on continents other than Europe since the database allows the consideration of differences in the production of resources by a single plant species growing in different communities. This dataset provides a unique opportunity to test hypotheses related to the functioning of food webs, nutrient cycling, plant ecology, and pollinator ecology and conservation.</p>
Mikesell, 1912: Mikesell data, NECTAR
Wolkovich E. Mikesell phenological data from Wauseon, Ohio, USA, 1883-1912 (wolkovich.33.3)<p></p>Phenological data from Wauseon, Ohio, USA recorded by Thomas Mikesell from 1883-1912 for 26 tree species. Provided by M. Lechowicz. National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis and Wolkovich E. 2012. NECTAR: Network of Ecological and Climatological Timings Across Regions nceas.988.17 (<p></p>https://knb.ecoinformatics.org/knb/metacat/nceas.988.17/knb)
Nectar chemistry is not only a plant's affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition
<p>This dataset contains data used in the analyses performed in the article entitled "Nectar chemistry is not only a plant’s affair: floral visitors affect nectar sugar and amino acid composition". The Excel file contains three sheets. 'Raw data' contains concentration of sugars, amino acids, pollen grains and yeast cells measured in several flowers and plants of <em>Gentiana lutea</em> subsp. <em>symphyandra</em>, belonging to different experimental treatments. 'Amino acid diversity' contains the concentration of specific protein and non-protein amino acids found in a subset of the above mentioned flowers. 'Pollen suspension test' contains the concentration of the same amino acids found in nectar after suspension of pollen of <em>G. lutea</em> at different time intervals (0, 1, 4, and 24 hours).</p>
Data from: Quantifying nectar production by flowering plants in urban and rural landscapes
<p>Floral resources (nectar and pollen) provide food for insect pollinators but have declined in the countryside due to land use change. Given widespread pollinator loss, it is important that we quantify their food supply to help develop conservation actions. While nectar resources have been measured in rural landscapes, equivalent data are lacking for urban areas, an important knowledge gap as towns and cities often host diverse pollinator populations.</p> <p>We quantified the nectar supply of urban areas, farmland and nature reserves in the UK by combining floral abundance and nectar sugar production data for 536 flowering plant taxa, allowing us to compare landscape types and assess the spatial distribution of nectar sugar among land uses within cities.</p> <p>The magnitude of nectar sugar production did not differ significantly among the three landscapes. In urban areas the nectar supply was more diverse in origin and predominantly delivered by non-native flowering plants. Within cities, urban land uses varied greatly in nectar sugar production. Gardens provided the most nectar sugar per unit area and 85% of all nectar at a city scale, while gardens and allotments produced the most diverse supplies of nectar sugar. Floral abundance, commonly used as a proxy for pollinators' food supply, correlated strongly with nectar resources, but left a substantial proportion of the variation in nectar supply unexplained.</p> <p>Synthesis. We show that urban areas are hotspots of floral resource diversity rather than quantity and their nectar supply is underpinned by the contribution of residential gardens. Individual gardeners have an important role to play in pollinator conservation as ornamental plants, usually non-native in origin, are a key source of nectar in towns and cities.</p>
Cognition-mediated Evolution of Low-Quality Floral Nectars
<p>Data from virtual selection experiments, in which real or virtual nectar-feeding bats visited artificial or virtual flowers, exerting selection on their nectar traits.</p> <p> </p>
High rates of nectar depletion in summer grasslands indicate competitive conditions for pollinators
<p>Competition among pollinators for floral resources is a phenomenon of both basic and applied importance. While competition is difficult to measure directly under field conditions, it can be inferred indirectly through the measurement of floral resource depletion. In this study, we conducted a pollinator exclusion experiment to calculate nectar depletion rates in summer across 16 grassland sites in the German regions of Franconia and Saxony-Anhalt. Overall depletion rates were estimated at 95% in Franconia and 79% in Saxony-Anhalt, indicating strong nectar limitation and likely competition among pollinators for nectar. Despite being ubiquitous in our study regions, honey bees were scarce at our sites at the time of nectar sampling. This demonstrates that wild pollinators alone are capable of massive nectar depletion, and the addition of managed honey bees to wild pollinator communities may intensify already competitive conditions. Nevertheless, the manifest diversity of the pollinator communities at our sites indicates that other factors, such as non-trophic constraints or temporal variation in nectar limitation, can mitigate competitive exclusion despite immediate conditions of acute nectar scarcity. </p>
Fig. 1 in The earliest beetle with mouthparts specialized for feeding on nectar is a parasitoid of mid-Cretaceous Hymenoptera
Fig. 1 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov. (Ripiphoridae: Ripiphorinae), female, mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (PřFUK No. 056). A Habitus from dorsolateral view. B Hindwing apices with secondary "ghost" branches. C Antennae with triangular projections on flagellomeres. D Detail of elytron viewed under green fluorescence. E Detail of pronotal disc viewed under fluorescence. F Prothoracic tarsus with five tarsomeres and pretarsal claws. G Detail of three distal mesothoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. H Mesothoracic tarsomere with erect stiff spiniform setae viewed under green fluorescence. I Distal metathoracic tarsomeres and serrate pretarsal claws. el elytron, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc, pe posterior edge of pronotal disc. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 50 µm (B), 10 µm (C, F, G, H, I), not in scale (D, E)
Fig. 2 in The earliest beetle with mouthparts specialized for feeding on nectar is a parasitoid of mid-Cretaceous Hymenoptera
Fig. 2 Melanosiagon serraticornis gen. et sp. nov., micrographs of head with mouthparts and pronotal disc (PřFUK No. 056). A, B Mouthparts with elongated galea. C Detail of pronotal disc. gm galeomere, lbp labial palpus, lg ligula, lmxp left maxillary palpus, md mandible, ml medium lobe of pronotal disc, pe posterior edge of pronotal disc, rmxp right maxillary palpus. Scale bars 10 µm (A, B), 50 µm (C)
Nectar values from: Quantifying nectar production by flowering plants in urban and rural landscapes
<p>Floral resources (nectar and pollen) provide food for insect pollinators but have declined in the countryside due to land use change. Given widespread pollinator loss, it is important that we quantify their food supply to help develop conservation actions. While nectar resources have been measured in rural landscapes, equivalent data are lacking for urban areas, an important knowledge gap as towns and cities often host diverse pollinator populations.</p> <p>We quantified the nectar supply of urban areas, farmland and nature reserves in the UK by combining floral abundance and nectar sugar production data for 536 flowering plant taxa, allowing us to compare landscape types and assess the spatial distribution of nectar sugar among land uses within cities.</p> <p>The magnitude of nectar sugar production did not differ significantly among the three landscapes. In urban areas the nectar supply was more diverse in origin and predominantly delivered by non-native flowering plants. Within cities, urban land uses varied greatly in nectar sugar production. Gardens provided the most nectar sugar per unit area and 85% of all nectar at a city scale, while gardens and allotments produced the most diverse supplies of nectar sugar. Floral abundance, commonly used as a proxy for pollinators' food supply, correlated strongly with nectar resources, but left a substantial proportion of the variation in nectar supply unexplained.</p> <p>Synthesis. We show that urban areas are hotspots of floral resource diversity rather than quantity and their nectar supply is underpinned by the contribution of residential gardens. Individual gardeners have an important role to play in pollinator conservation as ornamental plants, usually non-native in origin, are a key source of nectar in towns and cities.</p>
Fig. 4 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 4. Mean (± 95 % CI) standing crop of floral nectar on inflorescences of three floral morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 3 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 3. Mean (± 95 % CI) number and duration of the foraging events recorded by Apis mellifera (A, B) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (C, D) on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 2 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 2. Total activity time (± 95 % CI) of Apis mellifera and Lycastrirhyncha nites on inflorescences of L (black circle), M (gray circle) and S (white circle) morphs of Pontederia sagittata during daily periods of video-recording.
Fig. 1 in Temporal variation in the behavior of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Lycastrirhyncha nitens (Diptera: Syrphidae) on Pontederia sagittata (Commelinales: Pontederiaceae) inflorescences in relation to nectar availability
Fig. 1. Position of styles and stamens and differences in pollen size in the three floral morphs of Pontederia sp. a) long-styled [L], b) mid-styled [M] and c) shortstyled [S] (Zomlefer 1994). Legitimate pollinations are indicated by arrows.
Fig. 3 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 3. Choice of cups with either unscented sucrose solution or with bananascented sucrose solution made by Tamarixia radiata following a pre-test exposure to either 1.0 M sucrose solution or 1.0 M sucrose solution and banana flavor extract (G-test; ** = P ≤ 0.01; NS = not significant).
Fig. 1 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 1. Diagrammatic representation of nectary architectures presented to Tamarixia radiata in foraging evaluations. Location of nectaries shown in red. A. Cy- athium of euphorbiaceous species with exposed nectaries. B. Partially exposed nectaries as found in buckwheat. C. Partially hidden nectaries as found in alyssum. D. Partially exposed nectaries covered with trichomes as found in marjoram. E. Hidden nectaries as found in composites. Drawings are only indicative of size and spatial relationships and are not to scale.
Fig. 2 in Laboratory evaluations of the foraging success of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on flowers and extrafloral nectaries: potential use of nectar plants for conservation biological control of Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Fig. 2. Mean (± SE) feeding time of Tamarixia radiata when presented with different concentrations of sugars commonly occurring in nectar (sucrose, fructose, glucose) and honeydew (melizitose, raffinose). Bars within the same concentration having different letters are different at P ≤ 0.05 (ANOVA).
Secondary metabolites from nectar and pollen: a resource for ecological and evolutionary studies
<p>Floral chemistry mediates plant interactions with herbivores, pathogens, and pollinators. The chemistry of floral nectar and pollen—the primary food rewards for pollinators—can affect both plant reproduction and pollinator health. Although the existence and functional significance of nectar and pollen secondary metabolites has long been known, comprehensive quantitative characterizations of secondary chemistry exist for only a few species. Moreover, little is known about intraspecific variation in nectar and pollen chemical profiles. Because the ecological effects of secondary chemicals are dose-dependent, heterogeneity across genotypes and populations could influence floral trait evolution and pollinator foraging ecology. To better understand within- and across-species heterogeneity in nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, we undertook exhaustive LC-MS and LC-UV-based chemical characterizations of nectar and pollen methanol extracts from 31 cultivated and wild plant species. </p> <p>Nectar and pollen were collected from farms and natural areas in Massachusetts, Vermont, and California, USA, in 2013 and 2014. For wild species, we aimed to collect 10 samples from each of 3 sites. For agricultural and horticultural species, we aimed for 10 samples from each of 3 cultivars. Our dataset (1535 samples, 102 identified compounds) identifies and quantifies each compound recorded in methanolic extracts, and includes chemical metadata that describe the molecular mass, retention time, and chemical classification of each compound. A reference phylogeny is included for comparative analyses.</p> <p>We found that each species possessed a distinct chemical profile; moreover, within species, few compounds were found in both nectar and pollen. The most common secondary chemical classes were flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids and amines, and chlorogenic acids. The most common compounds were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. Pollens contained high concentrations of hydroxycinnamoyl-spermidine conjugates, mainly triscoumaroyl and trisferuloyl spermidine, found in 71% of species. When present, pollen alkaloids and spermidines had median nonzero concentrations of 23,000 µM (median 52% of recorded micromolar composition). Although secondary chemistry was qualitatively consistent within each species and sample type, we found significant quantitative heterogeneity across cultivars and sites. These data provide a standard reference for future ecological and evolutionary research on nectar and pollen secondary chemistry, including its role in pollinator health and plant reproduction.</p>
FIGURE 9 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 9. Lateral view of the skull and mandible of the choeronycterine bats (A) Dryadonycteris capixaba (ALP 9667), (B) Lichonycteris degener (ALP 5990), (C) Scleronycteris ega (USNM 407889), (D) Hylonycteris underwoodi (AMNH 178904), (E) Choeroniscus minor (AMNH 266121), (F) Anoura caudifer (ALP 1734), (G) Musonycteris harrisoni (AMNH 235179), (H) Choeronycteris mexicana (AMNH 27311) (scale bar = 5 mm).
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