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37 results for “nectar bats”
FIGURE 9 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 9. Lateral view of the skull and mandible of the choeronycterine bats (A) Dryadonycteris capixaba (ALP 9667), (B) Lichonycteris degener (ALP 5990), (C) Scleronycteris ega (USNM 407889), (D) Hylonycteris underwoodi (AMNH 178904), (E) Choeroniscus minor (AMNH 266121), (F) Anoura caudifer (ALP 1734), (G) Musonycteris harrisoni (AMNH 235179), (H) Choeronycteris mexicana (AMNH 27311) (scale bar = 5 mm).
FIGURE 5 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 5. Occlusal view of the well-developed premaxillae and upper incisors of Dryadonycteris capixaba (holotype, ALP 9667). Note the presence of two small foramina between the premaxillae (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 8 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 8. Ventral view of the skull of the choeronycterine bats (A) Scleronycteris ega (USNM 407889), (B) Dryadonycteris capixaba (ALP 9667), (C) Hylonycteris underwoodi (AMNH 178904), (D) Lichonycteris degener (ALP 5990), (E) Musonycteris harrisoni (AMNH 235179), (F) Choeronycteris mexicana (AMNH 27311), (G) Choeroniscus minor (AMNH 266121), and (H) Anoura caudifer (ALP 1734) (scale bar = 5 mm).
FIGURE 6 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 6. Oblique occlusal view of the upper molars (A) and lateral labial view of the lower molars (B) of Dryadonycteris capixaba (holotype, ALP 9667). Cusps indicated in the second upper molar are as follows: parastyle (a), mesostyle (b), metastyle (c), metacone (d), and protocone (e). In the second lower molar, cusps are as follows: paraconid (a), protoconid (b), metaconid (c), hypoconid (d), and entoconid (e). Note the absence of a distinct paracone on the upper molars. This trait is variable in Dryadonycteris, with the paratypes exhibiting somewhat better development of this cusp (see text for discussion) (scale bar = 0.5 mm).
FIGURE 2 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 2. Right oblique view of the head of Dryadonycteris capixaba (holotype, ALP 9667), from Reserva Natural Vale, municipality of Linhares, northern state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil.
FIGURE 4 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 4. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull and lateral view of the mandible of specimens of Dryadonycteris capixaba (holotype, ALP 9667, on the left; paratype ALP 9599, on the right) (scale bar = 5 mm).
FIGURE 1 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 1. Map showing the municipality of Linhares in the northern part of the state of Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil (A), and the collecting sites of Dryadonycteris capixaba at the Reserva Natural Vale and Floresta Nacional de Goytacazes (B). The symbols mark the collecting localities of the holotype (filled star) and paratypes (filled circles).
FIGURE 7 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 7. Dorsal view of the skull of the choeronycterine bats (A) Scleronycteris ega (USNM 407889), (B) Dryadonycteris capixaba (ALP 9667), (C) Hylonycteris underwoodi (AMNH 178904), (D) Lichonycteris degener (ALP 5990), (E) Musonycteris harrisoni (AMNH 235179), (F) Choeronycteris mexicana (AMNH 27311), (G) Choeroniscus minor (AMNH 266121), and (H) Anoura caudifer (ALP 1734) (scale bar = 5 mm).
FIGURE 3 in New Genus and Species of Nectar-Feeding Bat from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae)
FIGURE 3. Dorsal fur (A) and palmar view of left hind foot (B) of Dryadonycteris capixaba (holotype, ALP 9667). Note the tricolored banding pattern of the fur and the nearly equal length of the foot relative to the length of the calcar.
FIGURE 6. Cytochrome-b in A New Species of Nectar-feeding Bat of the Genus Hsunycteris (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) from Northeastern Peru
FIGURE 6. Cytochrome-b maximum likelihood (ML) phylogram for the subfamily Lonchophyllinae. Support statistics from ML analysis and Bayesian inference (BI) are indicated at each resolved node. For the ML analysis, gray shading indicates bootstrap frequencies between 50% and 75% and black indicates bootstrap frequencies>75%. For the BA, gray indicates posterior probabilities <0.95, whereas black indicates posterior probabilities>0.95.
FIGURE 5 in A New Species of Nectar-feeding Bat of the Genus Hsunycteris (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) from Northeastern Peru
FIGURE 5. Results of principal components analysis, illustrating the dispersion of specimen scores for female Hsunycteris cadenai (open triangles), H. dashe (asterisk), H. pattoni (filled circles), and H. thomasi (open circles). See text for explanation and appendix 3 for factor loadings and other results.
FIGURE 3 in A New Species of Nectar-feeding Bat of the Genus Hsunycteris (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) from Northeastern Peru
FIGURE 3. Anterior views of the chins of Hsunycteris dashe (A, AMNH 273165) and H. pattoni (B, MUSM 13205) illustrating taxonomic differences in the arrangement of the dermal papillae. In H. dashe the chin has several small dermal papillae arranged in a V and separated by a wide basal cleft. In H. pattoni, however the dermal papillae on the chin are larger and are not separated by a basal cleft.
FIGURE 4 in A New Species of Nectar-feeding Bat of the Genus Hsunycteris (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) from Northeastern Peru
FIGURE 4. Occlusal views of partial upper toothrows in Hsunycteris dashe (A, MUSM 15206), H. pattoni (B, MUSM 13205), and H. thomasi (C, AMNH 16120) illustrating taxonomic differences in the morphology of the premolars and first molar (see text). Abbreviations: p, parastyle of M1; P4, first upper premolar; P5, second upper premolar; M1, first upper molar.
FIGURE 2 in A New Species of Nectar-feeding Bat of the Genus Hsunycteris (Phyllostomidae: Lonchophyllinae) from Northeastern Peru
FIGURE 2. Map showing collecting localities of Hsunycteris species within the Yavarí-Ucayali interfluvial region (boundaries highlighted in gray). See appendix 2 for locality names and geographic coordinates. The arrow indicates the type locality of H. dashe.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the in vivo response to viral infection in the cave nectar bat Eonycteris spelaea
<p>Bats are reservoir hosts of many zoonotic viruses with pandemic potential in humans. Here, we<br> utilized single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) to provide detailed comparative<br> analyses of the immune repertoire and the transcriptional responses in the bat lungs upon in<br> vivo infection with a double-stranded RNA virus, Pteropine orthoreovirus PRV3M. Neutrophils<br> were observed to have basally high IDO1 expression, uniquely amongst mammals currently<br> profiled by scRNA-seq. NK/T cells were the most abundant immune cell type in lung tissue, and<br> included three distinct CD8 + effector T cell populations delineated by the differential expression<br> of KLRB1, GFRA2 and DPP4. We identified NK/T clusters which up-regulated genes involved in<br> T-cell activation and effector function early after viral infection. Alveolar macrophages and<br> classical monocytes were key drivers of antiviral interferon signaling. Infection also resulted in<br> the expansion of a CSF1R + population expressing collagen-like genes, which became the<br> predominant myeloid cell type after infection. This work uncovers novel features relevant to viral<br> disease tolerance in bats, lays a foundation for future in vivo and in vitro experimental<br> investigations, and serves as a key resource for comparative immunology studies across bats<br> and other mammals.</p> <p> </p> <p>This upload is the transcriptome fasta file used for alignment for the dataset.</p>
Interaction networks of nectar-feeding bats and plants in central Mexico
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Data from: The complexity of background clutter affects nectar bat use of flower odor and shape cues
Given their small size and high metabolism, nectar bats need to be able to quickly locate flowers during foraging bouts. Chiropterophilous plants depend on these bats for their reproduction, thus they also benefit if their flowers can be easily located, and we would expect that floral traits such as odor and shape have evolved to maximize detection by bats. However, relatively little is known about the importance of different floral cues during foraging bouts. In the present study, we undertook a set of flight cage experiments with two species of nectar bats (Anoura caudifer and A. geoffroyi) and artificial flowers to compare the importance of shape and scent cues in locating flowers. In a training phase, a bat was presented an artificial flower with a given shape and scent, whose position was constantly shifted to prevent reliance on spatial memory. In the experimental phase, two flowers were presented, one with the training-flower scent and one with the training-flower shape. For each experimental repetition, we recorded which flower was located first, and then shifted flower positions. Additionally, experiments were repeated in a simple environment, without background clutter, or a complex environment, with a background of leaves and branches. Results demonstrate that bats visit either flower indiscriminately with simple backgrounds, with no significant difference in terms of whether they visit the training-flower odor or training-flower shape first. However, in a complex background olfaction was the most important cue; scented flowers were consistently located first. This suggests that for well-exposed flowers, without obstruction from clutter, vision and/or echolocation are sufficient in locating them. In more complex backgrounds, nectar bats depend more heavily on olfaction during foraging bouts.
Data from: Do artificial nectar feeders affect bat–plant interactions in an Ecuadorian cloud forest?
Plant–pollinator interactions are critical to ecosystems. However, when artificial nectar feeders are available in an area, they could draw pollinators away from plants. We tested the effects of artificial nectar feeders in an Ecuadorian cloud forest on four aspects of bat–plant interactions: (1) bat relative abundance; (2) bat pollen loads; (3) flower visitation rates, and (4) breeding success of a bat-pollinated species (Burmeistera glabrata). We divided the study site into areas close to (~30 m) and far from (~500 m) three different feeder sites. At each distance, we captured nectar bats (Anoura caudifer, Anoura cultrata, and Lonchophylla robusta) to estimate their relative abundance and to collect pollen from fur and fecal samples. We also videotaped flowers to estimate bat visitation rates and recorded different breeding success variables of B. glabrata. We found that areas close to feeders have higher relative bat abundance by a factor of 40. In spite of this, the presence of feeders did not affect bat pollen loads, nor the flower visitation rates and breeding success of B. glabrata. Interestingly, there were differences in pollen loads between the three bat species, in that L. robusta individuals rarely carried pollen and were only captured near feeders.
On following pages: 86. Thomas's Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris thomas); 87. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat (Lionycteris spurrell); 88. Brazilian Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla mordax); 89. Chocoan Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla chocoanal; 90. Goldman's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla concava); 91. Pacific Forest Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla fornicata); 92. Orces's Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla orcesi); 93. Western Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla hesperia); 94. Eastern Cordilleran Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla orienticollina); 95. Handley's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla handleyi); 96. Orange Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla robusta); 97. Dekeyser's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla dekeyseri), 98. Pale-bellied Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla inexpectata); 99. Bokermann's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla bokermanni); 100. Peracchi's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla peracchii); 101. Long-snouted Bat (Platalina genovensium); 102. Vieira's Long-tongued Bat (Xeronycteris vieirai). in Phyllostomidae
On following pages: 86. Thomas's Nectar Bat (Hsunycteris thomas); 87. Chestnut Long-tongued Bat (Lionycteris spurrell); 88. Brazilian Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla mordax); 89. Chocoan Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla chocoanal; 90. Goldman's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla concava); 91. Pacific Forest Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla fornicata); 92. Orces's Long-tongued Bat (Lonchophylla orcesi); 93. Western Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla hesperia); 94. Eastern Cordilleran Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla orienticollina); 95. Handley's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla handleyi); 96. Orange Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla robusta); 97. Dekeyser's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla dekeyseri), 98. Pale-bellied Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla inexpectata); 99. Bokermann's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla bokermanni); 100. Peracchi's Nectar Bat (Lonchophylla peracchii); 101. Long-snouted Bat (Platalina genovensium); 102. Vieira's Long-tongued Bat (Xeronycteris vieirai).
Data from: Do artificial nectar feeders affect bat–plant interactions in an Ecuadorian cloud forest?
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