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5 results for “niche decline”
Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
<p><b>1.</b> Given the long and dynamic history of anthropogenic disturbances to ecosystems, it is difficult to determine the drivers of past population declines. These uncertainties dilute the efficacy of conservation efforts and might hinder species and ecosystem recovery.</p> <p><b>2.</b> Niche quantification can be a useful tool for understanding drivers of past population declines. Niche parameters reflect key resources used, providing insight into the conditions needed to achieve population stability. By reconstructing a population's niche position and space over a period of decline and comparing to historic baselines, shifts in the realized niche of a species can be assessed. Comparing shifts to historic information on resource availability and timing of declines can allow practitioners to identify probable drivers of species decline.</p> <p><span><b>3.</b> We demonstrated the utility of this technique by reconstructing parameters of isotopic dietary niche over a 130 year period and comparing isotopic niche reconstructions to land use and crop harvests during this same period via regression and Bayesian standard ellipsoid (SIBER) analyses. We use a formerly widespread but now endangered species, the eastern spotted skunk (<i>Spilogale putorius</i>), addressing the hypothesis that land use change and agricultural intensification led to a historical collapse of key dietary resources which correlates with population declines in this species. To help control for isotopic variability unrelated to population decline, we compare trends to those of a secure, but ecologically similar generalist mesocarnivore, the striped skunk (<i>Mephitis mephitis</i>), across the same spatiotemporal scale. </span></p> <p><b>4.</b> We present evidence that historic dietary changes occurred in spotted skunks in the early 1900s but not to the same degree in striped skunks. Changes in isotopic composition correspond with the temporal period of decline and are explained by concurrent changes in land use. These results support the hypothesis that loss of key dietary resources as a result of land use change and agricultural intensification played a significant role in population declines of spotted skunks in this region.</p>
Data from: Variation in thermal niche of a declining river-breeding frog: from counter-gradient responses to population distribution patterns
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Quantifying temporal variation in dietary niche to reveal drivers of past population declines; stable isotope, harvest trends, and land use
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Patterns of niche contraction identify vital refuge areas for declining mammals
<p><i>Aim</i></p> <p>Investigation of realised niche contraction in declining species can help us understand how and where threats are being either mediated or tolerated across landscapes. It also provides insights into species' sensitivity to environmental change that are unable to be identified through analysis of declines in range size or abundance alone. Here, we apply the recently proposed 'niche reduction hypothesis' to investigate relationships between trends in niche breadth and geographic distribution of declining species.</p> <p><i>Location</i></p> <p>Northern Australia</p> <p><i>Methods</i></p> <p>We compare and contrast contemporary and historical datasets to examine the relationship between extent of occurrence (EOO) and realised niche hypervolume, and investigate changes in species' utilisation of environmental space through time via generalised linear modelling and bootstrapping of historical values. We also use the 'Maxent' algorithm to create and stack contemporary and historical ecological niche models (ENMs) and identify regions where resilience to threatening processes is maximised.</p> <p><i>Results</i></p> <p>We found larger mean reductions in niche hypervolume (39%) than EOO (30.5%), with little correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.07) between the two measures, suggesting that contraction of realised niche breadth can be largely independent of reduction in EOO. We also identified a general set of environmental conditions towards which species' realised niches contracted. <a name="_Hlk40866810">Comparison of stacked ENMs allowed us to identify regions of natural refuge </a>where environmental conditions are associated with increased species resilience to threats, and conversely, regions where habitat suitability has declined.</p> <p><i>Main conclusions</i></p> <p>Examining species declines from an ecological niche perspective provides a powerful tool for understanding how environmental conditions, biotic interactions, and species traits shape responses to local and global environmental changes. Quantifying reductions in niche breadth is crucial as contraction to a narrower subset of environmental space can reduce a species' ability to tolerate other threats and potentially lower adaptive capacity and genetic diversity, increasing extinction risk.</p>
Patterns of niche contraction identify vital refuge areas for declining mammals
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