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48 results for “non-invasive samples”
Data from: Wildlife fecal microbiota exhibit community stability across a semi-controlled longitudinal non-invasive sampling experiment
<p>Wildlife microbiome studies are being used to assess microbial links with animal health and habitat. The gold standard of sampling microbiomes directly from captured animals is ideal for limiting potential abiotic influences on microbiome composition, yet fails to leverage the many benefits of non-invasive sampling. Application of microbiome-based monitoring for rare, endangered, or elusive species creates a need to non-invasively collect scat samples shed into the environment. Since controlling sample age is not always possible, the potential influence of time-associated abiotic factors was assessed. To accomplish this, we analyzed partial 16S rRNA genes of fecal metagenomic DNA sampled non-invasively from Rocky Mountain elk (<em>Cervus canadensis</em>) near Yellowstone National Park. We sampled pellet piles from four different elk, then aged them in a natural forest plot for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days, with triplicate samples at each time point (i.e., a blocked, repeat measures (longitudinal) study design). We compared microbiomes of each elk through time with point estimates of diversity, bootstrapped hierarchical clustering of samples, and a version of ANOVA–simultaneous components analysis (ASCA) with PCA (LiMM-PCA) to assess the variance contributions of time, individual and sample replication. Our results showed community stability through days 0, 1, 3 and 7, with a modest but detectable change in abundance in only 2 genera (<em>Bacteroides</em> and <em>Sporobacter</em>) at day 14. The total variance explained by time in our LiMM-PCA model across the entire 2-week period was not statistically significant (p>0.195) and the overall effect size was small (<10% variance) compared to the variance explained by the individual animal (p<0.0005; 21% var.). We conclude that non-invasive sampling of elk scat collected within one week during winter/early spring provides a reliable approach to characterize microbiome composition in a 16S rDNA survey and that sampled individuals can be directly compared across unknown time points with minimal bias. Further, point estimates of microbiome diversity were not mechanistically affected by sample age. Our assessment of samples using bootstrap hierarchical clustering produced clustering by animal (branches) but not by sample age (nodes). These results support greater use of non-invasive microbiome sampling to assess ecological patterns in animal systems.</p>
Testing the effectiveness of genetic monitoring using genetic non-invasive sampling
<p>1. Effective conservation requires accurate data on population genetic diversity, inbreeding, and genetic structure. Increasingly, scientists are adopting genetic non-invasive sampling as a cost-effective population-wide genetic monitoring approach. Genetic non-invasive sampling has, however, known limitations which may impact the accuracy of downstream genetic analyses.</p> <p>2. Here, using high quality SNP data from blood/tissue sampling of a free-ranging koala population (n = 430), we investigated how the reduced SNP panel size and call rate typical of genetic non-invasive samples (derived from experimental and field trials) impacts the accuracy of genetic measures, and also the effect of sampling intensity on these measures.</p> <p>3. We found that genetic non-invasive sampling at small sample sizes (14% of population) can provide accurate population diversity measures, but slightly underestimated population inbreeding coefficients. Accurate measures of internal relatedness required at least 33% of the population to be sampled. Accurate geographic and genetic spatial autocorrelation analysis requires between 28% and 51% of the population to be sampled.</p> <p>4. We show that genetic non-invasive sampling at low sample sizes can provide a powerful tool to aid conservation decision-making and provide recommendations for researchers looking to apply these techniques to free-ranging systems.</p>
Testing the effectiveness of genetic monitoring using genetic non-invasive sampling
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Data from: Wildlife fecal microbiota exhibit community stability across a semi-controlled longitudinal non-invasive sampling experiment
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DNA sequence data generated using non-invasive feather and eggshell samples from the Grenada Dove for two gene regions: Cyt b and ND2
<p>As an island endemic with a decreasing population, the Critically Endangered Grenada Dove <em>Leptotila wellsi</em> is threatened by accelerated loss of genetic diversity resulting from ongoing habitat fragmentation. Small, threatened populations are difficult to sample directly but advances in molecular methods mean that non-invasive samples can be used. We performed the first assessment of genetic diversity of populations of Grenada Dove by a) assessing mtDNA genetic diversity in the only two areas of occupancy on Grenada, b) defining the number of haplotypes present at each site and c) evaluating evidence of isolation between sites. We used non-invasively collected samples from two locations: Mt Hartman (n=18) and Perseverance (n=12). DNA extraction and PCR were used to amplify 1,751 bps of mtDNA from two mitochondrial markers: NADH dehydrogenase 2 (<em>ND2</em>) and Cytochrome b (<em>Cyt b</em>). Haplotype diversity (<em>h</em>) of 0.4, a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00023 and two unique haplotypes were identified within the <em>ND2</em> sequences; a single haplotype was identified within the <em>Cyt b </em>sequences. Of the two haplotypes identified; the most common haplotype (haplotype A = 73.9%) was observed at both sites and the other (haplotype B = 26.1%) was unique to Perseverance. Our results show low mitochondrial genetic diversity and clear evidence for genetically isolated populations. The Grenada Dove needs urgent conservation action, including habitat protection and potential augmentation of gene flow by translocation in order to increase genetic resilience and diversity with the ultimate aim of securing the long-term survival of this Critically Endangered species. </p>
Data from: Evaluating genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing as a genetic monitoring tool for a climate sentinel mammal using non-invasive and archival samples
<p>Genetic tools for wildlife monitoring can provide valuable information on spatiotemporal population trends and connectivity, particularly in systems experiencing rapid environmental change. Though many DNA sequencing approaches still require high quality and quantity of DNA obtained from traditional sources (e.g. blood and tissue), rapid genotyping tools such as Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) have improved our ability to make use of degraded and less concentrated DNA commonly obtained from non-invasive and archival samples. Here, we developed a multi-purpose GT-seq panel (307 single nucleotide polymorphisms) for a climate sentinel mammal (the American pika, <em>Ochotona princeps</em>) for use as a genetic tool for monitoring populations in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. We optimized the panel using contemporary tissue samples (n = 77) and subsequently applied it to archival tissue (n = 17) and contemporary fecal pellet samples (n = 129) to evaluate its effectiveness at identifying individuals and sex, estimating relatedness, and inferring population structure. The panel demonstrated high efficacy with contemporary and archival tissue samples (94.7% and 90.5% genotyping success, respectively) and negligible genotyping error (0.001% and 0.0%, respectively). Despite relatively high genotyping success for fecal pellet samples (79.7%), high genotyping error (28.4%) limited its power as a monitoring tool to assess genetic variation using non-invasive samples and highlighted the need for further optimization around sample and data collection.</p>
Data from: A genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing panel to inform invasive deer management using non-invasive fecal and hair samples
<p>Studies in ecology, evolution, and conservation often rely on non-invasive samples, making it challenging to generate large amounts of high-quality genetic data for many elusive and at-risk species. We developed and optimized a Genotyping-in-Thousands by sequencing (GT-seq) panel using non-invasive samples to inform the management of invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (<em>Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis</em>) in Haida Gwaii (Canada). We validated our panel using paired high-quality tissue and non-invasive fecal and hair samples to simultaneously distinguish individuals, identify sex and reconstruct kinship among deer sampled across the archipelago, then provided a proof-of-concept application using field-collected feces on SGang Gwaay, an island of high ecological and cultural value. Genotyping success across 244 loci was high (90.3%) and comparable to that of high-quality tissue samples genotyped using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (92.4%), while genotyping discordance between paired high-quality tissue and non-invasive samples was low (0.50%). The panel will be used to inform future invasive species operations (culls or eradications) in Haida Gwaii by providing individual and population information to inform management. More broadly, our GT-seq workflow that includes quality control analyses for targeted SNP selection and a modified protocol may be of wider utility for other studies and systems where non-invasive genetic sampling is employed.</p>
Genetic data of the 8733 non-invasive samples collected to study the French grey wolf population
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DNA sequence data generated using non-invasive feather and eggshell samples from the Grenada Dove for two gene regions: Cyt b and ND2
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Data from: Evaluating genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing as a genetic monitoring tool for a climate sentinel mammal using non-invasive and archival samples
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Data from: A genotyping-in-thousands by sequencing panel to inform invasive deer management using non-invasive fecal and hair samples
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Data from: Assessing individual patterns of Echinococcus multilocularis infection in urban coyotes: non-invasive genetic sampling as epidemiological tool
1. In epidemiological studies of wildlife parasites, faecal genotyping has been introduced to prevent bias in estimates of parasite prevalence from faecal samples collected in the field. Such an approach could be particularly relevant in the study of Echinococcus multilocularis transmission in urban settings, where estimates of prevalence and patterns of infection in wild canid hosts are key parameters used in zoonotic risk assessment and management. However, no previous study has evaluated the reliability of E. multilocularis faecal prevalence, and individual patterns of infection in definitive hosts remain poorly understood. 2. We evaluated faecal genotyping as an epidemiological tool, using E. multilocularis in urban coyotes Canis latrans as our study system. Combining parasitological analysis and multilocus individual genotyping of coyote faeces, we compared faecal parasite prevalence with the prevalence obtained from genotyped faecal samples. Furthermore, we assessed patterns of individual infection, such as re-infection rates and phenology of parasite egg excretion. 3. Of 425 feces collected in five urban sites, we genotyped 142 samples (33.4%) corresponding to 60 unique individual coyotes. Number of genotyped samples per coyote ranged between 1 and 10 (mean = 2.3). Genotypes were obtained at 4–6 microsatellite loci and had a mean reliability of 0.9975. 4. Faecal prevalence of E. multilocularis in genotyped coyotes was 25.0%, and similar to results previously obtained from non-genotyped faeces. Faecal genotyping allowed estimating a re-infection rate of individual coyotes of 57.1%, and to observe temporal patterns of parasite infection that were not detected using non-genotyped faeces. 5. Synthesis and applications. If compared to independent data obtained through coyote post-mortem examination, our results suggest that reliable estimates of overall parasite prevalence in definitive host populations can be efficiently obtained through well-designed field collection and traditional faecal parasitological analysis. However, faecal genotyping allows assessing the dynamics of individual infections, which could otherwise only be estimated by using invasive techniques. Combining faecal genotyping with parasitology has a great potential in assessing zoonotic risk transmission in urban areas, as well as advancing the field of wildlife ecology, disease ecology and conservation.
Data from: Real-time assessment of hybridization between wolves and dogs: combining non-invasive samples with ancestry informative markers
Wolves and dogs provide a paradigmatic example of the ecological and conservation implications of hybridization events between wild and domesticated forms. However, our understanding of such implications has been traditionally hampered by both high genetic similarity and the difficulties in obtaining tissue samples (TS), which limit our ability to assess ongoing hybridization events. To assess the occurrence and extension of hybridization in a pack of wolf-dog hybrids in Northwestern Iberia, we compared the power of 52 nuclear markers implemented on TS with a subset of 13 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) typed in non-invasive samples (NIS). We demonstrate that the 13 AIMs are as accurate as the 52 markers that were chosen without regard to the power to differentiate between wolves and dogs, also having the advantage of being rapidly screened on NIS. The efficiency of AIMs significantly outperformed ten random sets of similar size and an additional commercial set of 18 markers. Bayesian clustering analysis implemented on AIMs and NIS identified nine hybrids, two wolves and two dogs. Four hybrids were unambiguously assigned to F1xWolf backcrosses. Our approach (AIMs + NIS) overcomes previous difficulties related to sample availability and informative power of markers, allowing a quick identification of wolf-dog hybrids in the first phases of hybridization episodes. This provides managers with a reliable tool to evaluate hybridization, and estimate the success of their actions. This approach may be easily adapted for other pairs of wild/domesticated species, thus improving our understanding of the introgression of domestication genes into natural populations.
Data from: Molecular ecology of the Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis): non-invasive sampling yields insights into local population dynamics
Non-invasive genetic analysis has been frequently employed to estimate ecological and population parameters for many secretive and/or threatened species. However, Neotropical carnivores have so far been scarcely targeted by such studies. The Neotropical otter (Lontra longicaudis) is a poorly-known species for which local levels of genetic diversity and demographic parameters are virtually absent. We employed non-invasive sampling and amplification of microsatellite loci to investigate population size and density, spatial organization, and relatedness of a wild Neotropical otter population in an Atlantic forest area in southern Brazil. We directly identified 28 individuals and estimate a rather high population density at the study site. Spatial organization analysis indicated that male cumulative displacement was higher than that of females, with the latter sex showing evidence of philopatric behaviour. Also, the reconstruction of genealogical relationships suggests that spatial organization in this otter appears to be influenced by relatedness. By allowing the testing of specific hypothesis targeting these issues, our results provided important glimpses into the Neotropical otter's population biology. Moreover, the findings of the present study reaffirm the power of non-invasive genetics to investigate the biology of this elusive species, and open up new avenues for ecological and demographic studies of other Neotropical carnivores.
Poor implementation of non-invasive sampling in wildlife genetics studies - supplementary material
<p>Supplementary Table S1: Peer-reviewed studies on wildlife genetics in amphibians, birds, carnivores, molluscs and rodents, published in 2017-2018, which were included in the review.</p>
Data from: A non-invasive method for sampling the body odour of mammals
1. Olfaction is a central aspect of mammalian communication, providing information about individual attributes such as identity, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Yet, the chemical underpinnings of olfactory cues remain little understood, one of the reasons being the difficulty in obtaining high quality samples for chemical analysis. 2. In the present study we adjusted and evaluated the use of thermal desorption (TD) tubes, commonly used in plant metabolomic and environmental studies, for non-invasive sampling of mammalian body odour. We obtained chemical profiles of meerkat (Suricata suricatta) body odour samples using TD tubes analysed with gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 3. TD tubes captured a wide range of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds including compounds likely originating from the target animals. Adjustment of sampling parameters (distance, volume, flow rate, interruption of sampling) to increase the feasibility for a non-invasive application yielded samples of adequate quality. However, to minimize the variability between samples, sampling parameters should be kept constant and samples should be collected when no conspecifics are close-by. 4. The method was sensitive enough to pick up population differences in the chemical profiles of two captive groups of meerkats, demonstrating its applicability to biological questions. With sufficiently habituated animals, the method is applicable non-invasively, allowing short- and long-term studies on a wide range of questions, including e.g. chemical signatures of kinship, diet, individual health or reproductive state.
Estimating red fox density using non-invasive genetic sampling and spatial capture–recapture modelling
<p>Data and scripts for our paper:</p> <p>Lindsø, L.K., Dupont, P., Rød-Eriksen, L. <em>et al.</em> Estimating red fox density using non-invasive genetic sampling and spatial capture–recapture modelling. <em>Oecologia</em> <strong>198</strong>, 139–151 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-021-05087-3</p>
Sample Collection Study in Patients With Suspected Melanoma Utilizing DermTech's Non-invasive Adhesive Patch Biopsy Kits
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04550000. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Prospective Sample Collection Study Using Non-invasive Methods to Investigate Biomarkers in AD Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04699695. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Sample Collection Study Utilizing DermTech's Non-invasive Adhesive Patch Biopsy Kits
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04668846. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.