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opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Evolutionary and demographic history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex: an integrative approach

Understanding the factors promoting species formation is a major task in evolutionary research. Here, we employ an integrative approach to study the evolutionary history of the Californian scrub white oak species complex (genus Quercus). To infer the relative importance of geographical isolation and ecological divergence in driving the speciation process, we (i) analyzed inter- and intra-specific patterns of genetic differentiation and employed an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework to evaluate different plausible scenarios of species divergence. In a second step, we (ii) linked the inferred divergence pathways with current and past species distribution models, and (iii) tested for niche differentiation and phylogenetic niche conservatism across taxa. ABC analyses showed that the most plausible scenario is the one considering the divergence of two main lineages followed by a more recent pulse of speciation. Genotypic data in conjunction with species distribution models and niche differentiation analyses support that different factors (geography vs. environment) and modes of speciation (parapatry, allopatry and maybe sympatry) have played a role in the divergence process within this complex. We found no significant relationship between genetic differentiation and niche overlap, which probably reflects niche lability and/or that multiple factors have contributed to speciation. Our study shows that different mechanisms can drive divergence even among closely related taxa representing early stages of species formation and exemplifies the importance of adopting integrative approaches to get a better understanding of the speciation process.

Fig. 11 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 11. Female genitalic structures, comprising bursa copulatrix and seminal depository in dorsal view, vestibulum in anterior view, and—if sclerotizations are present—posterior wall.

Fig. 9 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 9. Male genitalic structures, scanning micrographs, scale bar measurements in Mm. A, B. Crassomiris fatisco. A. left: posterior view of the left paramere, right: apex of the posterior process of the left paramere. B. posterolateral view of phallotheca and right paramere from the right side. C–E. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. posterolateral view of pygophore, showing patch of stout setae. D. patch of stout setae on the pygophore. E. phallotheca. F–H. Pygovepres vaccinicola. F. anterolateral view of pygophore, showing spinous process phallotheca and left paramere. G. left: spinous process, right: close up of one of the spines. H. apex of the phallotheca. I. Rubeospineus truncatus, phallotheca and left paramere from the left side.

Fig. 8 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 8. Detail of setae comprising hemelytral vestiture, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus. Slender and stout setae are indicated by a white or black asterisk, respectively.

Fig. 7 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 7. Pretarsus, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 1 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 1. Habitus photographs of Crassomiris spp., Phallospinophylus setosus, Pygovepres vaccinicola, and Quercophylus gonoporospinus.

Fig. 6 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 6. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent gland evaporatory area, scale bar: 200 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 4 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 4. Head and male genitalic structures of Pygovepres vaccinicola and Quercophylus gonoporospinus.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Data and R codes: species range-size variation in oaks

We used occurrence data of 183 oak species (Quercus spp.) in North and South America to test how niche breadth and niche position affect the amount of suitable habitat area, and how colonization ability and post-glacial migration lags affect range filling. This dataset includes the data and R files related to the analyses.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Diversity among rare and common congeneric plant species from the Garry oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystems in British Columbia: implications for conservation

Using universal non-coding chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA), we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure in four rare and common plant species pairs inhabiting threatened ecosystems (Garry Oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe) in British Columbia. The species found in the Garry oak ecosystem are: Sanicula bipinnatifida (purple sanicle; Apiaceae; rare), Sanicula crassicaulis (Pacific sanicle; Apiaceae; common), and Balsamorhiza deltoidea (deltoid balsamroot; Asteraceae; rare). The species found in the Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystem are: Balsamorhiza sagittata (arrowleaf balsamroot; Asteraceae; common), Orthocarpus barbatus (Grand Coulee owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; rare), Orthocarpus luteus (yellow owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; common), Phacelia ramosissima (branching phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; rare), and Phacelia linearis (thread-leaved phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; common). Eight cpDNA regions were sequenced for each study species. Sequences were aligned and concatenated within each species, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to analyze patterns of regional genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure within genera and species. Results include: total gene diversity (Ht), nucleotide diversity (π), number of private alleles, haplotype networks, isolation by distance, and analysis of molecular variance.

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty. in Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) occupancy in the southern mid-Atlantic, USA

The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

Figures 1-9 in Notes on oak-infesting species of scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) in Korea

Figures 1-9. Two species of scale insects on oak trees in Korea. 1-4. Asterodiaspis luteola (Russell). 1) Habitus. 2) Female. 3) Apical setae. 4) Anterior and posterior spiracular furrows (arrow: quinquelocular pores). 5-9. Nidularia japonica Kuwana. 5) Habitus. 6) Female. 7) Antenna. 8) Anal ring. 9) Tubular ducts on dorsal abdominal segments.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2023View details →

Chromosome-scale genome assembly and insights into the metabolome and gene regulation of leaf color transition in an important oak species, Quercus dentata

Quercus dentata Thunb., a dominant forest tree species in northern China, has significant ecological and ornamental value due to its adaptability and beautiful autumn coloration, with color changes from green to yellow into red resulting from the autumnal shifts in leaf pigmentation. However, the key genes and molecular regulatory mechanisms for leaf color transition remain to be investigated. First, we presented a high-quality chromosome-scale assembly for Q. dentata. This 893.54 Mb sized genome (contig N50=4.21 Mb, scaffold N50=75.55 Mb; 2n=24) harbors 31,584 protein-coding genes. Second, our metabolome analyses uncovered pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside as the main pigments involved in leaf color transition. Third, gene co-expression further identified the MYB-bHLH-WD40 (MBW) transcription activation complex as central to anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation. Notably, transcription factor (TF) QdNAC (QD08G038820) was highly co-expressed with this MBW complex and may regulate anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence through direct interaction with another TF, QdMYB (QD01G020890), as revealed by our further protein-protein and DNA-protein interaction assays. Our high-quality genome assembly, metabolome and transcriptome resources further enrich Quercus genomics, and will facilitate upcoming exploration of ornamental values and environmental adaptability in this important genus.