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16 results for “octoploid”
Data from: Chromosome-scale assembly with a phased sex-determining region resolves features of early Z and W chromosome differentiation in a wild octoploid strawberry
<p>Abstract: When sex chromosomes stop recombining, they start to accumulate differences. The sex-limited chromosome (Y or W) especially is expected to degenerate via the loss of nucleotide sequence and the accumulation of repetitive sequences. However, how early signs of degeneration can be detected in a new sex chromosome is still unclear. The sex determining region (SDR) of the octoploid strawberries is young, small, and dynamic. Using PacBio HiFi reads, we obtained a chromosome scale assembly of a female (ZW) <em>Fragaria chiloensis</em> plant carrying the youngest and largest of the known SDR on the W in strawberries. We fully characterized the previously incomplete SDR, confirming its gene content, genomic location and evolutionary history. Resolution of gaps in the previous characterization of the SDR added 10 kbp of sequence including a non-canonical LTR-retrotransposon; whereas the Z sequence revealed a <em>Harbinger</em> transposable element adjoining the SDR insertion site. Limited genetic differentiation of the sex chromosomes coupled with structural variation may indicate an early stage of W degeneration. The sex chromosomes have a similar percentage of repeats but differ in their repeat distribution. Differences in the pattern of repeats (transposable element polymorphism) apparently precede sex chromosome differentiation, thus potentially contributing to recombination cessation as opposed to being a consequence of it.</p> <p>Repository content: data (sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, genome assembly, and vcf files) and scripts associated with the manuscript "Chromosome-scale assembly with a phased sex-determining region resolves features of early Z and W chromosome differentiation in a wild octoploid strawberry"</p>
Genome Synteny Has Been Conserved Among the Octoploid Progenitors of Cultivated Strawberry Over Millions of Years of Evolution
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Data from: A dominance hypothesis argument for historical genetic gains and the fixation of heterosis in octoploid strawberry
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Revisiting the origin of octoploid strawberry
<p>The cultivated strawberry (<i>Fragaria ×</i><i>ananassa</i>) is an octoploid, and the identity of its four subgenomes has long been a mystery. In their recent strawberry genome publication, Edger et al. present a novel hypothesis: each subgenome originated from a different extant diploid progenitor, and the hexaploid species <i>Fragaria moschata </i>was a direct ancestor. We reanalyzed the four octoploid subgenomes in a phylogenomic context and our results support only two extant diploids progenitors; we also found no support for <i>F. moschata</i> as a direct ancestor. We identified assumptions in the Edger et al. tree-searching algorithm that prevent it from accepting extinct or unsampled progenitors, and we argue that this is a critical weakness of their approach.</p>
Data from: Parallel polyploid speciation: distinct sympatric gene-pools of recurrently derived allo-octoploid Asplenium ferns
Although polyploidy is widespread, its significance to the generation of biodiversity remains unclear. Many polyploids have been derived recurrently. For a particular polyploid, gene-flow between the products of independent origin is typical where they come into contact. Here, we use AFLP DNA-fingerprinting and chloroplast DNA sequences to demonstrate parallel polyploid speciation within both of the ferns Asplenium cimmeriorum and A. gracillimum. Both of these taxa comprise at least two allopolyploids, recurrently derived from the same progenitor pair. Each of these allopolyploids remain genetically distinguishable even with extensive sympatry, and could therefore be considered distinct species. To our knowledge, parallel speciation on this scale amongst recurrent polyploids has not been previously reported. With their parallel origins, these 'evolutionary replicates' provide an unrivalled opportunity to investigate how the reproductive barriers and ecological differentiation necessary for speciation arise following polyploidy.
Data from: Bioclimatic, ecological, and phenotypic intermediacy and high genetic admixture in a natural hybrid of octoploid strawberries
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Hybrid zones provide 'natural laboratories' for understanding the processes of selection, reinforcement and speciation. We sought to gain insight into the degree of introgression and the extent of ecological/phenotypic intermediacy in the natural hybrid strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa subsp. cuneifolia. METHODS: We used whole plastome sequencing to identify parental species-specific (Fragaria chiloensis and F. virginiana) chloroplast SNPs, and combined the use of these with nuclear microsatellite markers to genetically characterize the hybrid zone. We assessed the potential role of selection in the observed geographic patterns by bioclimatically characterizing the niche of the hybrid populations and phenotypically characterizing hybrid individuals of known genomic constitution. KEY RESULTS: Significant admixture and little overall maternal bias in chloroplast or nuclear genomes suggest a high degree of inter-fertility among the parental and hybrid species and point to a long history of backcrossing and genetic mixing in the hybrid zone. Even though hybrids were phenotypically intermediate to the parental species there was still a discernible fingerprint of the parental genotype within hybrid individuals. Thus, while the pattern of introgression observed suggests geographic limitations to gene flow, it may be reinforced by selection for specific parental traits in the bioclimatically-intermediate habitat occupied by the hybrid. CONCLUSION: This work uncovered the genetic complexity underlying the hybrid zone of the wild relatives of the cultivated strawberry. It lays the foundation for experimental dissection of the causes of genomic introgression and nuclear-cytoplasmic disassociation, and understanding other parts of the Fragaria evolutionary history.
Data from: Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome
Cultivated strawberry emerged from the hybridization of two wild octoploid species, both descendants from the merger of four diploid progenitor species into a single nucleus more than 1 million years ago. Here we report a near-complete chromosome-scale assembly for cultivated octoploid strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and uncovered the origin and evolutionary processes that shaped this complex allopolyploid. We identified the extant relatives of each diploid progenitor species and provide support for the North American origin of octoploid strawberry. We examined the dynamics among the four subgenomes in octoploid strawberry and uncovered the presence of a single dominant subgenome with significantly greater gene content, gene expression abundance, and biased exchanges between homoeologous chromosomes, as compared with the other subgenomes. Pathway analysis showed that certain metabolomic and disease-resistance traits are largely controlled by the dominant subgenome. These findings and the reference genome should serve as a powerful platform for future evolutionary studies and enable molecular breeding in strawberry.
Data from: Parallel polyploid speciation: distinct sympatric gene-pools of recurrently derived allo-octoploid Asplenium ferns
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Data from: Bioclimatic, ecological, and phenotypic intermediacy and high genetic admixture in a natural hybrid of octoploid strawberries
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Data from: Origin and evolution of the octoploid strawberry genome
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Revisiting the origin of octoploid strawberry
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Supplementary files for "Homoploid Hybridization Resolves the Origin of Octoploid Strawberries" paper
<p>Supplementary files for "Homoploid Hybridization Resolves the Origin of Octoploid Strawberries" paper</p> <p>README for instructions. </p>
Blueprint for phasing and assembling the genomes of heterozygous polyploids: Application to the octoploid genome of strawberry
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Genotyping-By-Sequencing and Reference Genome Enabled Variant Discovery in Octoploid Strawberry
<p>(P0652) Genotyping-By-Sequencing and Reference Genome Enabled Variant Discovery in Octoploid Strawberry</p> <p>Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approaches have enabled routine high-density genome-wide DNA variant discovery in numerous agriculturally important species. Applications of GBS in octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) have been hindered by the absence of a reference genome for physically mapping DNA sequences; for discovering variants with sub-genome resolution, or effectively distinguishing homologous from homeologous variation. High-quality reference genome assemblies have recently emerged, supplying the foundation for this study, which focused on demonstrating the utility of GBS for calling sub-genome specific DNA variants in octoploid strawberry. To reduce genomic DNA complexity, double-digest protocols were tested on diverse accessions with two restriction enzyme combinations (PstI-MseI and HindIII-MseI). GBS libraries were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 4000 using a 150 bp paired-end protocol. For the purpose of this study, we describe the deployment of a flexible bioinformatic pipeline for GBS-facilitated variant discovery in octoploid strawberry. The percentage of uniquely mapped reads ranged from 51.41% for PstI-MseI to 55.56% for HindIII- MseI resulting in 1,591,764 and 2,362,556 unique locations, respectively. The number of discovered variants was 2.5-fold greater for HindIII-MseI (491,811) than PstI-MseI (199,486). The GBS protocols uncovered a dense genome-wide landscape of DNA variants for high- precision genetic mapping, identification of DNA variants associated with agriculturally important phenotypes, genomic-enabled breeding, and other applications in octoploid strawberry.</p> <p>Poster: PDF of poster and abstract for PAG 2018 (P0652)</p> <p>Figures: PNGs of figures on the poster</p> <p>Scrips: Txt files of SLURM scripts used to generate the follow .vcf files.</p> <p>- 8x_GBS_0_index: Uses BWA to index the reference genome (Edger et al 2019) for later use.</p> <p>- 8x_GBS_1_Demultiplex: Used Sabre to demultiplex fastq.gz files. Demultiplex_key_PE links individuals to their unique barcode.</p> <p>- 8x_GBS_2_Main: adapter removal, sequence alignment, and individual variant calling as a SLURM array. results in a .gvcf file for individuals.</p> <p>- 8x_GBS_3_Variant: population-level variant calling to a final .vcf file</p> <p>VCF: Two VCF files from the two enzyme experiments. H = HindIII-MseI; P = PstI-MseI</p>
Conservation genomics and pollination biology of an endangered, edaphic-endemic, octoploid herb: El Dorado bedstraw (Galium californicum subsp. sierrae; Rubiaceae)
<p>Supplementary data.</p>
Gene Expression and Physiological Differences in Neo-Octoploid Switchgrass Subjected to Drought Stress
GEO Series GSE132772. Panicum virgatum. 40 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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